Livelihoods Of Rural Communities Research Articles

Biodiesel production from baobab seed oil and its potential to improve livelihood of rural communities in arid and semiarid regions of Africa

Biodiesel production from baobab seed oil and its potential to improve livelihood of rural communities in arid and semiarid regions of Africa

Promoting Ecosystem Conservation and Food Security through Sustainable Harvesting of Edible Caterpillars in Kanchibiya District, Zambia

Insects play a vital role in enhancing food security and improving the livelihoods of rural communities. This study focused on the identification of caterpillar harvesting practices in Zambia, particularly in Chief Kopa’s village, Kanchibiya District, Muchinga Province, where the caterpillars of Gynisa maja and Gonimbrasia belina play a crucial role in food security. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires to capture both qualitative and quantitative insights. Quantitative data, including caterpillar harvesting amounts and correlations with tree destruction, underwent statistical analyses, including ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's HSD tests. The Chi-square test explored gender distribution across research sites. Qualitative data from open-ended questions during interviews underwent thematic analysis. The study sampled 100 respondents from six areas, and the results revealed significant differences in caterpillar harvesting amounts among villages. Post-hoc tests identified specific pairwise differences. The findings indicated that traditional harvesting methods persisted, with limited adherence to rules. A significant positive correlation was observed between caterpillar harvesting practices and evolving trends such as increased harvesting intensity, changes in harvesting methods, and environmental impact and tree destruction (p=0.001, r=0.917). The study contributed valuable insights into past caterpillar harvesting practices, proposing conservation strategies for enhanced food security and sustainability. The study proposes a multifaceted approach to balance ecosystem conservation with food security in Kanhaiya District, emphasizing the importance of sustainable caterpillar harvesting. Recommendations include developing community-based sustainable harvesting guidelines, such as rotational zones and harvest limits, alongside education programs to raise ecological awareness. It advocates for diversifying livelihoods and food sources to lessen dependence on caterpillars, ensuring gender-inclusive participation in these initiatives. Monitoring and further research are essential to adapt strategies effectively. These measures aim to preserve the ecosystem, ensuring the caterpillar's role in food security and offering socioeconomic benefits by fostering community resilience and reducing food insecurity vulnerabilities

Balancing economic and ecological functions in smallholder and industrial oil palm plantations

The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we investigated ways to balance ecological and economic outcomes of oil palm cultivation. We compared a wide range of production systems, including smallholder plantations, industrialized company estates, estates with improved agronomic management, and estates with native tree enrichment. Across all management types, we assessed multiple indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, management, and landscape structure to identify factors that facilitate economic-ecological win-wins, using palm yields as measure of economic performance. Although, we found that yields in industrialized estates were, on average, twice as high as those in smallholder plantations, ecological indicators displayed substantial variability across systems, regardless of yield variations, highlighting potential for economic-ecological win-wins. Reducing management intensity (e.g., mechanical weeding instead of herbicide application) did not lower yields but improved ecological outcomes at moderate costs, making it a potential measure for balancing economic and ecological demands. Additionally, maintaining forest cover in the landscape generally enhanced local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning within plantations. Enriching plantations with native trees is also a promising strategy to increase ecological value without reducing productivity. Overall, we recommend closing yield gaps in smallholder cultivation through careful intensification, whereas conventional plantations could reduce management intensity without sacrificing yield. Our study highlights various pathways to reconcile the economics and ecology of palm oil production and identifies management practices for a more sustainable future of oil palm cultivation.

Aquaculture: A hidden goldmine for the rural poor—A cost–benefit analysis of fish farming for sustainable development and food security in Vihiga County, Kenya

AbstractIn Kenya, aquaculture plays a significant role in enhancing the livelihoods of rural communities by boosting the local economy and diversifying protein sources. Although Vihiga County in Western Kenya boasts considerable potential for aquaculture, it paradoxically experiences some of the highest levels of poverty and malnutrition in the country. The profitability of fish farming has also been affected by inefficiencies and poor resources, disproportionately affecting the income and nutritional value of rural poor who rely on Aquaculture as a source of cheap protein. The study was conducted in Vihiga County to assess the cost–benefit of aquaculture production, selecting 100 fish farmers through a stratified random sampling technique from five sub‐counties. A descriptive research design was employed, and data analysis was conducted using correlation and regression analysis with SPSS. Budgetary techniques were used for the cost–benefit analysis. Data presentation was by comparing the mean and standard deviation in US dollars of different pond size production. The research findings indicated that the size and type of pond do not have a significant correlation and differences in production (p‐value >.05). There is a strong positive correlation between the size of the pond and the stocking density. The variable cost (VC) has a positive correlation with pond productivity meaning that an increase in VC leads to an increase in production. And is not statistically significant (p‐value = .21827, p‐value >.05). Moreover, the total cost (TC) correlation is statistically significant (p‐value = .0351, p < .05). Larger ponds are more profitable but require higher costs production than smaller ponds. The study concludes that pond size significantly impacts productivity, advocating for smaller ponds to achieve higher net returns with lower production costs. Major challenges include high costs of feeds, inputs, fish diseases, and post‐harvest losses. Key policy variables influencing aquaculture in Vihiga County include infrastructure, fish feed production, capital, and fisheries extension services. Adequate financial support from both National and County governments is crucial for sustainable aquaculture in alignment with Kenya's Vision 2030 and Global Sustainable Development Goals. Policymakers are urged to assist small‐scale farmers with financing, training, and market information to optimize returns on investment.

Empowerment of Rural Women through Entrepreneurial Initiatives

This article highlights the potential for change of economic activity in historically underprivileged regions, focusing into the dynamic areas of rural women's empowerment through entrepreneurial initiatives. Entrepreneurial efforts emerge as effective instruments for building overall empowerment in the face of systemic problems such as restricted access to education, economic marginalization, and gender inequities. This study begins by detailing the particular problems that rural women confront, such as educational limitations, economic marginalization, and strongly established gender stereotypes. These problems set the setting for a more in-depth analysis of how entrepreneurial initiatives might act as positive change drivers. The paper emphasizes the various importance of entrepreneurial efforts in tackling these difficulties. Entrepreneurship becomes a vehicle for skill development, financial inclusion, and community building in addition to economic rewards. Entrepreneurship contributes to altering society narratives and challenging gender stereotypes by giving practical chances for women to break away from defined positions. This article proposes for a holistic strategy to rural empowerment that mixes economic activities with education, skill development, and technology. It hopes to stimulate future study, policy interventions, and grassroots activities that acknowledge the multiple links between entrepreneurship, gender equity, and rural community life. Finally, this investigation enables readers to imagine a future in which entrepreneurial initiatives act as transforming forces, releasing the full potential of rural women and creating resilient, empowered communities.

Nyadran: Tradisi Penghormatan Leluhur dalam Bingkai Nilai-Nilai Islam di Dusun Silawan Desa Kutorojo

The Nyadran Tradition in Silawan Hamlet, Kutorojo Village, Kajen Sub-district, Pekalongan Regency reflects the harmony between Islamic values and Javanese culture. This study aims to explore the Nyadran practice as a case study representing a creative adaptation to changing times and social solidarity in rural communities. A qualitative approach is employed, focusing on a case study, involving participatory observation and in-depth interviews. The research findings indicate that Nyadran is not merely a ritual of honoring ancestors but also an expression of the cultural richness and spirituality within the community. The harmonious integration of Islamic elements with local Javanese traditions not only strengthens religious and cultural identities but also enhances social solidarity and the values of mutual cooperation. Thus, Nyadran serves not only as a valuable symbol of cultural diversity but also enriches the understanding of the harmony between local traditions and religions in the lives of rural communities in Indonesia.

Sustainability Potential of Marginal Areas for Food, Feed, and Non-Food Production in the Puglia Region, Southern Italy: Part II: A Review

There is considerable unused and unproductive land in rural areas of the Puglia region, Southern Italy. These areas and their local cultivators/growers have always been overlooked by academic, policy, and investment circles despite their potential to improve food security and the livelihood of rural communities. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the sustainability potential of these areas to produce food, feed, and non-food products. This evaluation will play a vital role in the sustainable development of rural regions such as the Puglia region. In this review, we highlighted important aspects regarding the management potential and the expected contribution that various types of marginal areas (MAs) could add to the regional economy of Puglia. The authors focused on the extent to which Puglia’s marginal lands can realistically be utilized to meet Italy’s food production targets, considering the economic, social, and environmental potential of different marginal area types within the Puglia territories. In writing this review, we have been inspired by the lack of sufficient information necessary to carry out a plan for the revitalization of MAs and the sustainable development of regional rural areas. Although Italian scholars have not extensively researched MAs, the available data suggest that they could significantly contribute to the development of regional economy and food security, despite their complexity and low-input nature. The scientific evidence suggests that the main challenge associated with using MAs for food and/or non-food production is balancing biodiversity conservation with local residents’ social and economic development. Presently, some small-scale or family farms are already operating within MAs. However, they still contribute minimally to the overall agricultural production in the region, even though they have the potential to play an important economic role for numerous rural communities in Puglia. Furthermore, the available data indicate that over 40% of existing farmers in MAs require greater support to sustain their activities. Such support should be tailored to the local context, built on and, where appropriate, improved upon existing practices, while addressing various threats to these areas. In this regard, sustainable development policies should shape MAs’ landscapes through the support of initiatives aimed at the recovery of traditional agricultural activities, the use of local varieties, the protection of the environment, and the conservation of biodiversity. The authors believe that this review provides policymakers with recommendations to consider when supporting the sustainable use of MAs as a potential source of food security and sustainable development for people living in these areas.

Smallholder Sesame Producers’ Adaptation Decisions to Climate Change and Its Determinants in Western Ethiopia

The agricultural sector remains the main source of livelihood for rural communities in Ethiopia, but the challenge of changing climate continues to pose a serious threat to its development. This study investigated factors affecting smallholder farmers’ decisions to adopt adaptation options to climate change in West Ethiopia using data collected from 400 sampled households. The Rainfall Satisfaction Index and Multinomial Logit Model were used to analyze farmers’ exposure to climate variability and factors that shape farmers' adaptation strategies. The findings of the study showed that the majority of farmers are experiencing high exposure to climate change both in terms of variable rainfall and rising temperature. In response, to adapt to the impact of climate change farmers were participating in agronomic practices, livelihood diversification, soil and water conservation, and small-scale irrigation as the dominant adaptation options. It is also observed that adopting agronomic practices was significantly impacted by social capital, crop failure experience, and access to early warning. Gender of the household, education, and livestock ownership were found to have a negative relationship with livelihood diversification. The study further revealed that soil and water conservation measures are positively affected by perception of temperature increment, exposure to early warning systems, and larger size of cultivated land. In addition, the adoption of small-scale irrigation was significantly influenced by access to credit, social capital, and the educational status of household heads. Consequently, the result implies that programs and policies designed to curb the calamities of climate change should emphasize creating effective early warning systems to increase farmer awareness, reach farmers with effective microfinance institutions, and encourage farmers’ ties to many social cooperatives.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Perlombaan Desa Tingkat Provinsi di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara

This thesis examines the evaluation of the Provincial Village Competition Policy in North Kalimantan Province, focusing on its implementation and impact as per the Indonesian Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No. 81 of 2015. It highlights the importance of rural development for enhancing the welfare of North Kalimantan's residents. While rural development aims to improve living standards and sustainably utilize natural resources, villages often face challenges like poverty and inadequate infrastructure. The Provincial Village Competitions serve as a strategy to boost rural development. This research uses a descriptive, qualitative approach employing policy evaluation theory. It involves stakeholders engaged in executing this policy, analyzing data through NVivo software. The study uncovers obstacles hindering village participation in these competitions despite North Kalimantan's potential. Factors such as individual motivation, insufficient preparation, and administrative shortcomings contribute to reduced involvement. The evaluation process comprises pre-competition, event execution, and assessment stages, determining winning villages based on specific criteria. Although regulations support these competitions, participation rates have declined, posing a significant concern. The research suggests improvements to enhance the Provincial Village Competition implementation, aiming for sustainable rural development and bettering the lives of North Kalimantan's rural communities.

Education To Improve The Healthy Life Of Rural Communities In Accelerating The Reduction Of Stunting

This dedication began with the author's concern about the stunting rate in Indonesia, which is large and even tends to increase every year. Therefore, the authors, who happen to have had a relationship for a long time, discussed providing education to the closest rural communities, in this case the villages of Village in Medan, Sumber Sekar Village, Malang, Air Pacah Village, West Sumatra, and Gerit Village in Patih to educate about healthy lifestyles to reduce stunting in collaboration with community health centers and local health workers. The results in this research show 1). This dedication began with the writer and community service's concern for the stunting rate which continues to increase every year, one of the biggest contributors to stunting, comes from rural areas. 2). A healthy lifestyle can reduce stunting rates and the authors agree to provide education on healthy lifestyles to rural communities, especially mothers in the nearest villages, namely Amplas Medan Village health center, Sumber Sekar Village, Malang, Air Pacah Village, West Sumatra, and Gerit Village in Patih . 3). Education contains 11 materials which are repeated 2-3 times within one month with variations of 1 theory and 1 practice in the theme of material that can be put into practice.

The Interplay of Migration Dynamics with Agricultural Paradigm Shifts in Indonesia

The nexus between migration and agricultural transformation encapsulates the dynamics of rural community livelihoods. Existing studies have not explicitly delineated the landscape of out-migration from rural regions in Indonesia. This study aims to elucidate migration behaviors intertwined with the lives of farming households and the utilization of remittances for agricultural investment activities. Through a comprehensive examination of literature and meta-analyses encompassing various migration cases in Indonesia, the findings reveal that both local and international migration by rural residents illustrate the adaptive strategies employed by households to cope with constrained income within the agricultural sector and limited employment prospects outside it in their villages. The enduring bond of rural communities with the agricultural sector aligns with the discernible pattern of remittance utilization, where a portion is earmarked for agricultural investments, such as land acquisition, including rice fields. The outcomes of this meta-analysis offer a holistic perspective on the relationship between migration and agriculture in Indonesia, serving as a foundation for optimizing the potential of migrants through well-tailored reintegration strategies aimed at mitigating poverty in rural areas.

Strategies to Uphold Food Sovereignty In Indonesia

The principle of food sovereignty is a democratized system of food, transparent, environment-based, local products and markets as the main pillars in achieving sustainable food security. Food sovereignty makes a very real contribution to overcoming food insecurity in areas where there are frequent extreme climates, crop failures, dependence on imported food, and encouraging the provision of long-term healthy food (sustainable) that is accessible to all communities (equitable) and encourages local food production and consumption (local wisdom). Food sovereignty seeks to improve the quality of life of farmers and rural communities. Strategies to build food sovereignty can be through (a) Utilization of biodiversity as a sustainable source of food through diversification of local food, (b) Improvement of agricultural cultivation and quality of food production through research and innovation produced by BRIN, (c) Consistency in the implementation of protection of productive agricultural lands from land use conversion, (d) Support for monetary, fiscal policies and access to finance for farmers, fishermen, and other food producers, (e) Improving the technology of processing/downstreaming food commodities in a productive, efficient, competitive, and sustainable manner, (f) Development of infrastructure and food production facilities appropriately and integrated, (g) Synergy of food development policies between the central and regional governments, and (h) Implementation of import duties on food imports to protect domestic food commodities and products.

Multifunctionality and provision of ecosystem services by livestock species and breeds at global level

Beyond providing food, livestock species are linked to a wide range of uses and ecosystem services (ESs). Based on information reported by 41 countries on 3 361 national breed populations to the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, we investigated how factors such as species, region, breed adaptedness, or management system associate with the recognition of provision of a set of 52 ESs. Among species, a greater number of cultural ESs were reported for horses (2.47 for horses vs 0.75 on average across all species), while the major ruminant species (cattle, goats and sheep) were on average associated with more provisioning ESs (2.99 vs 2.39), and more regulating and maintenance ESs (1.86 vs 1.32). Compared to European breeds, African livestock contribute more provisioning ES (3.95 vs 1.88). Native breeds and, to a lesser extent, locally adapted breeds, were linked to more ESs than were exotic breeds (5.97 and 4.10 vs 2.90, respectively), regardless of the ES category considered. The total number of ES reported was greater for breeds primarily kept under Back Yard/Farm Yard and extensive management systems than in other production environments. Different “bundles” of ES were identified in relation to the interdependence among themselves, or according to species or regional specificities. Overall, our results highlight that native and locally adapted breeds, which tend to be raised in less specialized production systems than exotic breeds, are reported to play multiple roles contributing to rural community livelihoods and environmental sustainability of food systems.

The implementation of the Regional Development Plan policy focuses on developing the potential of empowered villages in Batu City

Rural development aims to enhance the well-being and quality of life of rural communities and reduce poverty through the provision of basic needs, infrastructure development, local economic growth, and sustainable utilization of natural resources and the environment. To achieve these goals, the Village Law implements two approaches, namely "Building the Village" and "Village Development," integrated into village development planning. This research employs qualitative descriptive methods to provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the investigated subject, aiming to understand the implementation of Regional Development Plan Policies focusing on empowering villages in the city of Batu. The study utilizes qualitative descriptive methods and in-depth interviews. The implementation of Regional Development Plan Policies in the city of Batu is documented in the Medium-Term Regional Development Plan (RPJMD) of Batu City for the period 2017-2022 and the Regional Development Plan (RPD) of Batu City for the period 2023-2026. The policy implementation is formalized through Regional Regulations and Local Regulations (Mayor's Regulations) both attributively and delegatively.

A Review on the Supply and Demand of Coffee in Cambodia

The demand for coffee in Cambodia is also growing, driven by a number of factors, including the increasing popularity of coffee shops and cafes, the rising incomes of Cambodians, and the growing influence of Western culture. This growing demand is putting a strain on domestic supply, and Cambodia now imports more coffee than it produces. In 2020, Cambodia imported around 770 tons of coffee beans, mainly from neighboring countries such as Vietnam and Laos. A qualitative method combined with a descriptive analytic approach is the methodology addressed. The data is review from relevant sources on the supply and demand of coffee in Cambodia include academic papers, government reports, industry reports, and news articles. found that the coffee sector in Cambodia has the potential to generate significant economic and social benefits for the country. The study found that the coffee sector could create up to 100,000 new jobs and generate $500 million in revenue by 2025. The study also found that the coffee sector could help to reduce poverty and improve the livelihoods of rural communities. Coffee is a relatively high-value crop, and coffee farmers can earn significantly more than farmers who grow other crops. An estimated 9,650 tons of coffee were consumed in Cambodia in 2022. This represents a significant increase from 2014, when Cambodians consumed only 5,970 tons of coffee. In 2020, Cambodia produced around 3,900 tons of coffee, and the government has a goal of increasing production to 10,000 tons by 2025.

A Review of Rural Communities’ Vulnerability to Climate Change: The Case of Limpopo Province in South Africa

Climate change threatens the livelihood of rural communities that depend on climate-sensitive resources. The risks and consequences of climate change, to which rural areas are especially susceptible, are discussed in this review. The review summarizes previous studies on rural communities' susceptibility to the impacts of changing climatic conditions. Previous studies on climate change in South Africa's Limpopo Province provide the information used in this review. The findings indicate that rural communities are vulnerable to rising temperatures and unpredictable precipitation. The communities are exposed to higher temperatures, less rainfall, and intermittent drought. Subsistence agricultural and livestock production and water supplies are two examples of climate-dependent livelihood resources vulnerable to weather variability and change. These resulted in food insecurity and water scarcity in many rural areas. This review helps fill a gap in understanding the importance of assessing the vulnerability of rural communities with climate-dependent livelihood resources. The study recommends detailed community-based adaptation measures to counteract the detrimental effects of climatic stresses on people's means of subsistence. Adaptation policies to climate change could be strengthened by incorporating indigenous adaptation techniques and community voices into response efforts.

Visual Branding Strategies For Culinary Msmes In Legok Village: A Community-Centered Approach Through Design Training

Community engagement through training in logo and packaging design for culinary MSMEs in Legok Village is an initiative aimed at enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in rural areas. Legok Village, renowned for its traditional culinary richness, is the focal point of this research. This study presents a community-based approach employed to strengthen the visual identity of culinary MSME products through design trainingusing Adobe Ilustrator.The methodology includes phases of identifying the needs of MSMEs, conducting logo and packaging design training, and evaluating the impact of this training. The research findings indicate that logo and packaging design training has a significantly positive impact on the development of culinary MSME products, enhancing their visual appeal, and increasing brand awareness in both local and regional markets.The results have significant implications for the development of culinary MSMEs in similar villages. The improved quality of logo and packaging design benefits MSME businesses and can increase household income, stimulate local economic growth, and enhance the quality of life in rural communities. Thus, community engagement through logo and packaging design training for culinary MSMEs emerges as a crucial instrument in building economic sustainability in rural villages.

Study on Human Wildlife Conflict and Its Impact on The Livelihood of Rural Communities of Andhra Pradesh, India

The escalating human-wildlife conflicts in rural communities, driven by expanding human populations encroaching upon natural habits, pose significant risks to both human safety and livelihoods as highlighted in the WWF Magazine ‘s Spring Issue (2023). These conflicts result from differing perspectives on resolution, leading to tensions among various groups and causing a reduction in territory, natural resources, fatalities, injuries and habitat destruction for both humans and wildlife. Unfortunately, some rare and endangered species face the threat of extinction due to human action taken to prevent future conflicts, emphasizing the urgent need to address this issue. Philip J. Nyhus (2016) suggests that a range of social and psychological factors, including cultural backgrounds, emotional connections, economic considerations governance structures and stakeholder involvement influence people’s interaction with wildlife. Based on the data obtained from various sources around2020-23, the number of animal and financial losses was estimated. Most of the damage is caused in Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Parvathipuram, and Eluru districts where most of the HWC occurs mainly due to elephant attacks (Elephas spp), along with monkeys (Maccacca spp), wild Boar (Sus spp), Snakes like (Naja naja, Krait, Bungarus spp) Mice, Mouse, Rat spp., Jackles (Canis spp), Tiger (Tigris spp) which is amounting to almost 22% of the livestock loss domesticated by farmers. The domesticated animals which were mostly eaten by the predators are Fishes, (Catla, Labeo,Cirhinus spp.) Birds (Gallus, Chittagong, Aseel spp.) goats (Capra spp.), sheep (Ovis spp,) Cows (Bos spp.), pigs (Sus), Buffalo (Bubalus spp.), etc. Altogether substantial amount of monetary loss has occurred. The public and government officials in combined action can mitigate these problems from future attacks. To address this issue, effective management strategies are needed that balance the needs of both humans and wildlife while minimizing the risk of conflict.

NTFP Contribution in Livelihood of Rural Area of Western Himalayan Region of Himachal Pradesh.

Non-timber forest goods (NTFPs) refer to the various goods obtained from plants and animals inside forest ecosystems, which possess tangible values that are often not accounted for in a nation’s fiscal records. Throughout the course of human history, these items have been utilized for a diverse range of reasons, including but not limited to sustenance, animal feed, textile production, traditional medicine, agricultural resources, household goods, construction materials, and similar applications. These products are often intertwined with several traditional beliefs and cultural practices. The current investigation was conducted in three districts within the Himachal Pradesh region of northern India, with the aim of comprehending the significance of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the everyday livelihoods of rural communities residing in the Himalayan area. A total of 700 participants were surveyed using a prepared questionnaire.

The Bir Sunarwala: An Uncharted Dalit Land Movement of Haryana, India

Dalits are the lowest social group in the Indian caste hierarchy, formerly known as ‘untouchables’. They have been subjected to centuries of discrimination, violence and continue to face widespread social exclusion and economic deprivation. In rural areas, Dalits are often forced to live in segregated quarters and are denied access to common resources such as wells, temples, schools and land. They are often forced to do the most menial and degrading work, such as manual scavenging and cleaning toilets. This exclusion and humiliation are rooted in their lack of access to socio-economic capital, namely, land. As the world’s primary source of wealth, land plays a significant role in the life of rural communities, transforming into a socio-economic reality. Dalits are historically landless; in this outbreak, they participated in various land movements to access land. Landless Dalits and other agricultural labourers fought alongside peasants for better wages, land ownership and to end the practice of forced labour. However, Dalit struggles always remain subordinate to peasant struggles. In this context, this study examines Haryana’s rarely documented and majorly unknown Dalit land movement that took place in 1973 at Bir Sunarwala village of the Jhajjar district of Haryana. Additionally, this study seeks to highlight the significance of the Bir Sunarwala land movement within the broader framework of the Dalit movements in India.