Rural Areas Of Turkey Research Articles

Health literacy and mammography screening behaviors among women living in a rural area of Turkey.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. and early diagnosis could reduce breast cancer deaths. Therefore, health literacy is one of the most important determinants of participation in cancer screening for early diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the relationship between women's mammography screening behaviors and health literacy levels. The cross-sectional study included 312 women aged 40-69 years living in a rural area. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a personal information form and the Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32). Of the women, 28.5% had mammography in the last 2 years. Of concern was the low health literacy levels. In addition, there were significant differences in the THLS-32 subgroup scores, including the THLS-32 total score, among the mammography screening groups. Health literacy levels of women were related to mammography screening rates. For this reason, effective intervention studies aiming to increase society's health literacy levels may contribute to an increase in breast cancer screenings.

Coping With Intimate Partner Violence: The Effect Of Women’s Resources On Their Response To Violence In Turkey

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between the personal and social resources of women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) and their responses to two specific types of violence, namely; physical and sexual violence. The study utilizes survey data from the "2014 Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey Survey", a follow-up to the 2008 nationwide survey on violence against women, which includes a wide range of socio-demographic background questions as well as questions on IPV and various types of violence against women and girls. This quantitative research represents one of the rare studies focusing on women's individual and institutional responses to IPV and it is also based on findings from the most recent field study on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey. The sample design of the research is a multi-staged stratified cluster sampling and 11,247 households completed the survey from 12 statistical regions, urban and rural areas of Turkey. During the field visits, 13,310 women were identified as eligible for interviews, and 8,960 women were approached for face-to-face interviews. The response rate for the women interviews was recorded at 83.3 percent. Multinomial logit models were employed to elucidate the relationship between the responses of women who had been subjected to violence and their individual resources. The findings of the study reveal that individual resources such as age, higher education, urban residence, and being in regular employment with social security significantly increase the likelihood that women will engage in at least one institutional or non-institutional response to IPV.

Evaluation of the Exposure of 4.5G Mobile Phone Base Stations in Different Band Radio Frequencies in Urban Center and Rural Areas in Turkey.

Mobile phone base stations (MPBS) are electronic communication equipment, the number of which is rapidly increasing with the increasing need for mobile data use with developing technology. Since the middle of the 21st century, the effects of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) emitted from base stations on human health have begun to be investigated. Although some of these studies have explained the harmful effects of RF-EMF on human health, others have stated that its effects on human health are limited and therefore contradictory results have emerged. RF-EMFs can have effects by transferring energy to human tissues, increasing temperature and changing the way cell membranes work. These effects may vary inversely with the proximity of MPBSs to residential areas and their safety distances. In this regard, rules such as location at least 300 m away from places with high population density (schools, hospitals, shopping malls, etc.) and at least 40 m above the ground are required. In this study, RF-EMF values of base stations installed both in Rize city center and rural areas in Turkey in different 4.5G frequency bands (GSM 900 DL- 1800 DL-2100 DL) were analyzed by real-time selective area analyzer (NARDA- It is measured using SRM 3006). The safety distances in the production/label values of these base stations, mathematically calculated EMF and measurement values were compared for different distances. Base station production/label and real-time measurement values of RF-EMF values emitted by MPBSs in urban centers and rural areas are determined and their effects on human health are evaluated.

Investigation of Telemedicine Services, An Innovative and Technology-Based Healthcare Application, by Using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2): An Example from Turkey

Today, people use the internet to meet their information and communication needs related to health. This study aims to develop an acceptance model for Telemedicine Services, which is a technology-based health application in the new world order in which we experience digital transformation, and to determine the factors affecting the intention of individuals living in Turkey to use Telemedicine services in line with the results of the study. The quantitative survey research method was used for the purpose of this study. Research data were collected from 248 participants by using the online survey method. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The results revealed that perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, trust, price value, technology anxiety, and perceived risk are a function of the intention to use telemedicine services. Moreover, facilitating conditions, perceived ease of use, resistance to use, and social influence were observed to not significantly affect the behavioral intention to use such applications. In the current literature, no study has been conducted to determine the factors affecting the intention of individuals living in urban centers and rural areas in Turkey, a developing country, to adopt telemedicine applications. This study may contribute to the literature on telemedicine and the development of future telemedicine applications in the health industry in Turkey. This research confirms that the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can be used to model the adoption of telemedicine services in developing countries by including additional variables. The results of this study will facilitate understanding the acceptance of telemedicine services. It will not only facilitate predicting the future adoption but also developing proper solutions to address barriers to the use of telemedicine applications.

Borrelia miyamotoi in wild rodents from four different regions of Turkey

Borrelia miyamotoi is a tick-borne zoonotic agent that causes hard tick-borne relapsing fever, an emerging disease in humans. Some small mammalian and bird species are reported to be reservoirs of B. miyamotoi. This study aims to examine Borrelia species present in rodents captured from rural areas of Turkey. Blood samples of rodents were initially screened with Borrelia 16S rRNA qPCR. The Borrelia flaB gene was subsequently amplified by conventional PCR, after which all positive samples were sequenced. Borrelia miyamotoi was observed in nine out of 536 blood samples (1.7%) collected from wild rodents. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all positive samples belonged to the European genotype clade of B. miyamotoi. PCR positivity was 5.3%, 3.7%, and 1.8% in Apodemus uralensis, Apodemus flavicollis, and Myodes glareolus, respectively. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato that causes Lyme borreliosis in humans could not be detected in the rodents. In this study, presence of B. miyamotoi DNA is reported for the first time in rodents in Turkey.

Women’s entrepreneurship in rural areas in Turkey

Women’s entrepreneurship in rural areas in Turkey

Attitudes towards human milk banking among native turkish and refugee women residing in a rural region of Turkey: a mixed-methods approach

BackgroundHuman milk banks (HMB) play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive mother’s milk. There is currently no donor milk bank in Turkey. For any new health intervention to be successful, determining its acceptability is a vital first step. This study intends to determine the opinions, knowledge, and attitudes of native Turkish and refugee women living in Çeştepe, Aydın, a rural area in Turkey, about HMB.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted. Qualitative study data were collected through in-depth interviews with 33 women, and quantitative study data were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 271 women in the region were included in the study. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed and then a conceptual framework was created. Logistic regression was performed for quantitative data.ResultsFifty-seven point nine per cent of the women were willing to donate breast milk, whereas only 27.7% were willing to use donor milk for their babies. Religious concerns, fear of infectious diseases, and distrust in people they did not know were among the reasons for the negative attitudes of the women. Fear of infectious diseases was mentioned specifically by native Turkish women, and religious concerns were reported both by native Turkish and refugee women. The importance of breast milk and religion were among the reasons for positive attitudes. Additionally, odds of having a positive attitude were 4.19 times higher in homemaker women (95% CI 2.0, 8.76); 4.77 times higher in women with three or more children (95% CI 1.25, 8.15); 6.12 times higher in women who had a positive attitude towards wet nursing (95% CI 3.14, 9.63); and 2.68 times higher in those who had previously heard about human milk banking (95% CI 1.24, 5.79).ConclusionAttitudes towards HMB are affected by religion, cultural beliefs, and concerns about the safety of breast milk in HMBs. Refugees and native Turkish women are found to have similar religious concerns. These findings should be taken into consideration in human milk banking initiatives and in activities to increase acceptance by the public.

Effects Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Bilingual Students' L2 Basic Language Skills

This study investigated the effect of adverse learning conditions (the COVID-19 pandemic and multi-grade classrooms) on bilingual students' L2 (Turkish) speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. The study looked into the basic language skills of bilingual children who have been receiving education in multi-grade classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The sample consisted of 69 third- and fourth-grade students from four primary schools. The study sought answers to three questions: (1) What level of speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills do students have (2) How do independent variables (gender, the age of Turkish acquisition, grade level, parents’ education, and school) affect students’ language skills (3) What kind of relationship is there between students’ speaking, writing, reading, and listening skills. The study adopted a multiple case study design. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests, correlation, and multiple group comparisons. Findings The results revealed findings regarding participants’ speaking, reading, and listening skills. The independent variables did not affect participants’ language skills. The results showed that participants had below-average L2 speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. The results indicate that bilingual students in multi-grade classrooms have low L2 language skills during the COVID-19 pandemic. And The results indicate that bilingual students in multi-grade classrooms in the schools in the rural areas of Turkey have significant gaps in their L2 language skills.

The Effect of Digital Screen Exposure and Temperament on Sleep Problems in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rural Area in Turkey

The Effect of Digital Screen Exposure and Temperament on Sleep Problems in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rural Area in Turkey

Sözleşmeli Tarım COVİD-19 Pandemisinde Üreticilerin Dayanıklılığını Artırdı mı? Türkiye'den Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma

This paper examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on contract farming (CF), focussing on buckwheat producers in Gümüşhane province in rural area of Turkey. Our research group was buckwheat producers in Gümüşhane province in Turkey across Gümüşhane’s three districts (Kelkit, Köse, and Şiran). According to empirical literature, CF improves livelihood alternatives and helps the economic development of rural areas. While COVID-19 affects the whole world, its impacts on CF has been a matter of curiosity. Thus, this paper starts with a definition of the phenomenon of CF, recent empirical studies and objectives. In order to understand the perceptions of the farmers engaged in contract farming in Gümüşhane regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on buckwheat production and marketing, 28 perception statements were presented. This study’s findings show that respondents underlined that they strongly agreed with the statements regarding the increase in the cost of agricultural inputs because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a negative impact on buckwheat farmers engaged in contract farming in many ways in the research area. There is still a need for authorities to manage effective crisis management plans and to launch resilience promoting policies like contract farming that aim at enhancing farmers’ capabilities.

TEMPERATURE-DRIVEN EVAPORATION ANALYSIS OVER BALLIKAYA CATCHMENT

Hydrometeorological analysis such as terrain characteristics, flood forecasts and water potentials have become possible through computer models today in parallel with rapidly ever-evolving technology. While the surface-runoff during a storm has linearly and highly correlation with effective precipitation, it is inversely proportional to hydrological losses, including interception, infiltration, transpiration and evaporation. However, flood estimation analysis, in especially rural areas in Turkey, is still not widely and accurately usable, due to difficulties in accessing the necessary ground-based data records such as evaporation, which affects much of the rainfall. Although direct measurement of evaporation is not available now, indirect methods such as evaporation pans have been developed to give acceptable results. On the one hand, observation networks are built by Turkish State Meteorological Service for the estimation of evaporation from open water bodies, these measurements, on the other hand, are only obtained at large climatological stations such as city centers and generally for only six months of the year. In this sense, evaporation values, in order to apply rainfall-runoff analysis, were estimated by Kharrufa, Blaney-Criddle, and modified Blaney-Criddle methods to be used in Monthly Average models. While the highest underestimations were obtained in modified Blaney-Criddle method, Kharrufa method outperformed the other Blaney-Criddle products. The results, confirmed by analysis of the temperature-based Kharrufa approach in two urban areas close to the study basin, show to be appliable for estimation of long-term hydrographs. The analyzed method can be applied over rural watersheds lacking in-situ evaporation measurements as well as enables more accurate rainfall-runoff simulations processes with calibrated and verified hydrological models.

Elderly people's quality of life in rural areas of Turkey and its relationship with loneliness and sociodemographic characteristics.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between loneliness, quality of life and the factors that may be related to the quality of life in individuals ≥65 years old living in rural areas of Turkey. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Older Adults Module (WHOQOL OLD) and Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE) was administered to 427 elderly participants. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the variables that affected QOL. The results of the multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that gender, marital status, education level, family income status, general health condition, living arrangement, and loneliness level for subdomains were within the predictors. Loneliness level had the strongest negative impact on the four WHOQOL OLD subdomains and total WHOQOL OLD score. It was the most important predictor for autonomy, past present future activities, social participation, death-and-dying, and intimacy subdomains and for the total QOL. Remarkably, a sense of loneliness in the elderly was determined to be the most important factor for predicting their QOL. Loneliness should be considered in attempts to improve QOL for the elderly, interventions to reduce loneliness should specifically target this group, and activities with the potential to increase QOL should be encouraged.

Evaluation of The Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Rural Development Using A’WOT Analysis

Küreselleşme ve gelişen teknoloji kırsal kalkınma kavramının da değişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda küreselleşen dünyaya ayak uydurabilmek, sosyo-ekonomik gelişmeye katkı sağlamak ve akıllı ve rekabetçi kırsal alanlar oluşturmak amacıyla bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin (BİT) kırsal alanlarda kullanımının artması gerekmektedir. Literatürde çeşitli alanlarda A’WOT tekniği kullanılmasına rağmen kırsal kalkınmaya yönelik çalışmalarda özellikle turizm konusu dışında yeterli sayıda çalışma olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı BİT’in kırsal kalkınmadaki rolünü ortaya koyarak Türkiye’deki kırsal alanların BİT potansiyelini A’WOT analizi ile değerlendirmektir. Sayısal çözümlemelerde veri olarak 9 uzmanın görüşünden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, kırsal alanların altyapısının yüksek oranda tamamlanmış ve akıllı tarım uygulamalarının kullanılıyor olması gibi önemli avantajlara sahip olmasına rağmen, BİT cihaz sahipliği ve erişim imkânlarının yetersiz olduğu göstermektedir. Nesnelerin interneti (IoT) teknolojisinin her alanda kullanılabiliyor olması önemli bir fırsat olarak görülmekte olup, kırsal halkın tarımsal uygulamalarda BİT’e karşı mesafeli duruş göstermesi önemli bir tehdit olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır

Do geographical indications encourage local production?

Providing new production alternatives in the development of the economy in rural areas of Turkey is of particular importance. Geographical indication (GI) labelling differentiates a product from its competitors as to the region where it originated. The improvement of GI labelling production strengthens the efforts of the rural regions in maintaining high standards of the product quality regarding to the health. This paper investigates the way GI is implemented by pestil (dried fruit pulp) producers in Gumushane province in Turkey. A framework formulated is urgently needed to allow the pestil producers to promote their local product to a wider market.

Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Quality of Life Among Older Adults Living in a Rural Area of Turkey.

The current study aimed to identify the frequency of urinary incontinence (UI), its effects on quality of life, and risk factors in older adults living in rural areas of Turkey. For this descriptive study, 400 older adults aged 65 to 96 years were interviewed. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form and the Incontinence-Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL). Among those interviewed, 56.3% experienced UI. Logistical regression analysis revealed chronic illness, gender, and level of education as risk factors for UI. Significantly lower (p < 0.05) I-QOL scores were found for older adults having UI, holding urine, leaking urine while coughing/sneezing, involuntarily urinating more than once per day, or wetting themselves. Most participants did not seek help, citing embarrassment or viewing UI as normal. UI significantly reduces older adults' quality of life. Educational and consultation services, especially for older, illiterate, married women with chronic illness, would help these individuals sustain healthy lives. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(6), 43-52.].

The Success Factors of wine tourism entrepreneurship for rural area: A thematic biographical narrative analysis in Turkey

The study aims to determine the key issues and challenges in wine tourism entrepreneurship and to identify the behavioral, cultural and strategic success factors underlying the development of wine tourism. A biographical research has been used to encompass the total life of a wine tourism entrepreneur in rural area in Turkey named Elmalı town. Through the use of thematic biographical narrative analysis, four primary dimensions have been determined namely; personal characteristics, the strategic perspective, cultural, historic and geographical attributes of the region, and problems of business succession. Associated with these were 23 sub-dimensions. The study also found evidence of how niche tourism ventures such as wine tourism can invigorate a local agricultural economy and stresses the importance of small tourism enterprises successfully complementing each other to create a strong local destination image.

The problems of women working in greenhouse agriculture in rural area in Turkey: A phenomenological study from health and social perspective.

Working in agriculture may cause serious health problems due to heavy working conditions and chemical exposure. This Husserlian phenomenological qualitative study was conducted with 22 women working in greenhouse agriculture to investigate the health and social problem(s). In the evaluation of the data, Colaizzi's seven-step content analysis method and thematic analysis were used. The Kappa analysis was performed with two independent experts to measure the reliability of comparative fit, and the value obtained in the analysis was 1.00 (perfect fit). Based on the content analysis, six themes were defined. All participants indicated that they had different reproductive health-related problems. Some participants stated that their children had respiratory system-related problems and that they were subjected to physical, verbal/emotional and sexual violence by their husbands. It is important to provide health education, counselling services and screening programmes for women who work in greenhouse agriculture and thus are in the at-risk group for poor health.

The Question of the Modernization of Turkey's Rural Areas: Village Institutes

This study aims to examine the Village Institutes -that is one of the most important initiatives carried out in rural areas of Turkey-, the village educators and village teachers who have been educated in these institutions, the quality of the education they received, their duties, and the contributions they made in the villages in a detailed manner. The starting point of this study is basically the fact that the notion of village educators and village teachers are often confused with each other in the literature. This study aims to bring an end to this confusion and to examine the village institutes initiative from a more comprehensive perspective. As a result of this study, it has been revealed that studies conducted without considering the existence of two different village types in rural areas of Turkey would be misleading. In addition, it was stated that the concepts of village educator and village teacher should be accepted and examined in the historical process. URL: https://vsas.fvs.upjs.sk/

Career adaptabilities of rural gifted adolescents in Turkey

This study examined career adaptability of gifted students within the Career Construction Theory. Using phenomenological qualitative research design, the study was conducted with 15 10th grade students (54% male) attended an Art and Science Centre, which is an after school program for gifted students, from a rural area of Turkey. The Career Construction Interview was used to collect data. The content analysis was employed by using MAXQDA 18 with a predetermined code list based on the relevant literature, retaining four dimensions of career adaptability: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. The results indicated that curiosity dimension of career adaptability was frequently observed, yet confidence was seen to be lacking. Self-exploration, Investigative Attitude, and Taking Responsibility were prominent subthemes. On the other hand, the analysis did not produce richer content on career adaptability with gifted students. The results implied the need for practices to advocate social justice for rural gifted students to provide more environmental opportunities and role models to them.

Kırsallık Göstergeleri Bağlamında Türkiye İllerinin Kümelenmesi ve Devinimi

The diversity of rural areas in human, social, economic and ecological values is important for the sustainability of the settlement ecosystem. There is a consensus that the multi-component structure of rural areas cannot be determined by one-dimensional criteria such as population density, agriculture or natural resources and that the past/present policies are insufficient. After the discussion on the limitations of the definitions on the concepts of urban and rural and univariate classifications in the literature, a new approach on the classification of rural areas in Turkey was proposed. The nation’s contextual realities and the current data infrastructure were decisive in the variable and methodology selection. The present study aimed to classify the provincial rural areas in Turkey based on selected socio-demographic, economic and physical environment variables. The study was conducted on NUTS-3 level and the dataset was obtained from Turkey Statistical Institute and CORINE land cover data and K-means clustering, a non-hierarchical clustering method, was used. As a result of the spatial evaluations carried out at the provincial-subregional-regional level in the study, which are discussed under three main headings, it is seen that the sharpness of definition between the east and the west felt in the country has been broken over time.