Rural Age Research Articles

APOSENTADORIA RURAL POR IDADE E OS MEIOS DE PROVAS NECESSÁRIAS PARA A CONCESSÃO DO BENEFÍCIO DIREITO PREVIDENCIÁRIO

This work addresses the analysis of the necessary requirements for granting the rural retirement benefit to rural workers, taking into account their difficulties and facilities for granting the benefit, after the various system updates until the benefit is granted. This sets out the approach method used in this article, which will be deductive where the general arguments will be analyzed. Its objective is to analyze and understand the various situations encountered and faced by special insured persons when applying for retirement, to list the difficulties in proving their rights, which in most cases occurs through proof of facts that are not registered, and to estimate the facilities established by the National Social Security Institute (INSS), which simplify the social security administrative process. Thus, to characterize the obstacles and difficulties during the process of granting retirement by age, promoting the verification of the essential elements that make up this set of means, the changes during the administrative social security process and in the legislation regarding rural retirement by rural age, as well as the difficulty in proving the exercise of rural activity, a burden that lies with you.

The Impact of Urbanization on Rural Population Structure in China

Urbanization has been speeding up in China since reform and opening up policies were promoted, which promotes the progression of rural economy, but furthermore provides a certain degree of negative impact on the rural population structure. On the basis of summarizing the concept of urbanization, this study provides a thorough analysis of China's recent rural population structure and urbanization trend, and finally concludes that the quickening pace of urbanization in China makes the rural population structure face some problems and challenges. This study also offers some thoughts and recommendations in this area. At the same time, when analyzing the trend and population structure, by comparing and summarizing the secondary data and relevant literature, this paper concludes that China's urbanization has caused problems such as talent shortage in rural areas, rural aging and gender structure imbalance of the left-behind population. To solve these problems, China should establish a sound and perfect social security system and encourage the integration of rural and urban development. China ought to also establish a sound pension system and optimize the population structure; in rural areas, the promotion of respect for women has been strengthened and relevant laws have been introduced to gradually eliminate gender discrimination. It is beneficial to promote the national economy, cultural development.

Land use policy implications of demographic shifts: Analyzing the impact of aging rural populations on agricultural carbon emissions in China

China is facing a unique demographic challenge with its population entering a phase of negative growth, alongside the growing issue of Rural Population Aging (RPA). This has brought significant attention to the broader population challenges the country is encountering. While the aging of rural populations has been a focal point of discussion, there remains a need for deeper insights into how it specifically impacts Agricultural Carbon Emissions (ACE). To address this knowledge gap, this study has devised a research framework grounded in the human-land relationships theory. This framework seeks to analyze the influence of RPA on ACE. Empirical tests have been carried out using provincial (municipal) panel data spanning from 2002 to 2019. The study's findings indicate that RPA exacerbates ACE, particularly in regions with a pronounced aging rural demographic. However, this adverse effect is lessened in coastal areas and placed with a lighter rural aging phenomenon. Additionally, the negative impact gradually diminishes in the long term. From a land utilization perspective, RPA contributes to Land Misallocation (LM), serving as a critical conduit through which RPA influences ACE. Nevertheless, mitigating factors such as Land Transfer (LT) and Land Scale (LS) help alleviate this negative influence. This mitigation is more pronounced in the long run. In the context of smallholder farmers, the study suggests that a moderate-scale expansion and the promotion of new agricultural models can be instrumental in achieving broader agricultural carbon reduction targets.

Home Activity Recognition for Rural Elderly Based on Deep Learning and Smartphone Sensors

With the exacerbation of the rural aging population trend, home-based health monitoring for the rural elderly has become a societal focal point, demanding an effective technological means to elevate the level of rural elderly health management. However, traditional algorithms for monitoring rural elderly behavior face myriad challenges, such as effectively capturing temporal and spatial features. Consequently, addressing the need to enhance the accuracy and robustness of rural elderly behavior recognition has become an urgent problem to solve. This study responds to this challenge by comprehensively employing deep learning and temporal modeling techniques, designing, and validating a short-term and long-term dual-layer home-based health monitoring system for the rural elderly.In the short-term layer, the model utilizes smartphones to collect health information from the rural elderly in various ways and performs real-time anomaly behavior detection.

Rural aging, land markets, and farm operations in China

ABSTRACT Using rural household-level panel data, we first investigate the relationship between rural aging and farm operations. We find that aging negatively correlated with farm inputs, particularly farm size, leading to a decline in labour productivity. We then underscore the importance of land markets in mitigating the effect of rural aging by facilitating elderly farmers to exit from farming and reallocating land to high-productive younger farmers.

Cognition, physical function, and life purpose in the rural elderly population: A systematic review protocol.

Aging in rural settings worldwide, from the perspective of cognition, physical function, and life purpose essential constructs for a prosperous old age, still needs comprehensive discussion. This systematic review protocol aims to highlight the prevalence of cognitive decline, physical functioning, and life purpose in older adults aging in rural community settings. We will include cross-sectional studies published until April 2023 found in 8 databases: Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science. Ryyan software will be used for the first selection, and the Observational Study Quality Evaluation (OSQE) will assess methodological quality and risk of bias. Primary analysis will involve titles and abstracts using MeSH descriptors such as "Physical functioning," "Cognition," "Cognitive function," "Life purpose," "Elderly," "Older," "Rural aging," "Rural population," "Communities, rural," "Distribution, rural spatial," "Medium communities," "Rural settlement," "Small community." If necessary, secondary analysis will include a complete reading of selected articles by two blinded reviewers, confirmed by a third person. Publication bias will be assessed using cross-sectional analytical study quality. Sensitivity analyses will identify manuscripts significantly influencing combined prevalence of endpoints.

Toward early intervention based on age-specific vision checkups: A vision impairment survey in Yantai, China.

The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents is currently rising to alarming levels (>80%) in China. This study used several routinely collected demographic factors to quantify myopia and glass-wearing rates for primary and secondary school students. We identified myopia risk factors and proposed new aspects for early intervention. This study was a cross-sectional survey of myopia and glass-wearing rates for students (6-18 years old) in Yantai, China. We collected both vision (vision acuity [VA] and spherical equivalence [SE]) and glass-wearing information to establish respective logistic models for quantifying myopia and glass-wearing rate. We further propose a joint decision region (VA, SE, age) to guide early intervention. Among 10,276 children, 63% had myopia (65% wore glasses). The prevalence of myopia increases with age and levels off during adulthood. Females had a higher overall prevalence rate than males (P < .001). The rural age mode (≈15.5) is about 2 years larger than the urban age (≈13.5) for myopia students. For the myopia rate, in the age ≤14.5, the linear age effect was significant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, P < .0001), males had a significant negative baseline effect at the start of schooling (vs. females) (OR = 0.68, P < .0001), and the urban group had a significant positive baseline effect (vs. rural) (OR = 1.39, P < .0001). The correlation between VA and SE increases with age and has a directional shift (from negative to positive) at ages 8 to 9. For the glass-wearing rate, age had a significant positive effect (OR = 1.25, P < .0001), VA had a significant negative effect (OR = 0.002, P < .0001), and body mass index had a slightly significant positive effect (OR = 1.02, P = .03). Urban female have a higher myopia rate than rural male at the start of schooling, and vocational high school has improved vision upon high school. Body mass index was not a significant factor for myopia. The myopia rate model is specific to age range (separated at 14.5 years old). Students of lower ages are less likely to wear glasses for correction, and this may require intervention. The temporal age-specific (VA, SE) correlations and joint distributions strengthen the speculation in the literature that age 8 to 9 is a critical intervention period and motivates us to propose a rigorous intervention decision region for (age, VA, and SE) which mainly applies for this tight age period.

Internet Development, Population Aging and Urban-rural Income Gap: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provinces in China

Abstract This study utilizes panel data from Chinese provinces spanning 2013 to 2021 to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for the level of Internet development. It investigates the impact of Internet development and its sub-dimensions on the urban-rural income gap and further examines the moderating effect of population aging. The findings suggest that Internet development can significantly improve the urban-rural income gap by increasing the farm and non-farm incomes of rural residents. Specifically, from a sub-dimension perspective, Internet infrastructure, commercial scale, and development potential play significant roles in narrowing the income gap, with substantial effects observed. Moreover, considering regional heterogeneity, the narrowing effect of the Internet on the urban-rural income gap in the Northeast, Central, and Western regions is significant and roughly equivalent, surpassing that of the Eastern region. Population aging leads to synchronous changes in the age structure of Internet users; the "silver-haired digital divide" impedes the elderly population's access to and use of the Internet, thereby inhibiting the shrinking effect of Internet development on the urban-rural income gap. Further investigation reveals that the imbalance in the urban-rural population aging process, with the degree of rural aging outpacing urban areas, is a significant factor contributing to this inhibitory effect. Keywords: Urban-rural Income Gap, Internet development, Population Aging, Moderating effect.

What Is the Relationship between Remote Rural Island Place and Perspectives on Ageing of Mid-life Women?

This article makes an original contribution to social gerontology and nissology by addressing the knowledge gap on contemporary gendered ageing in remote, rural island places. Drawing on empirical data gathered through in-depth interviews with 12 mid-life (48-69 years old) women living in the Uist islands of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland, the relationship between ageing and remote rural island place is examined. Reflecting the participant narratives, this study discusses personal and place identities, while exploring place attachment and its relationship with gendered island ageing. This qualitative work adopts a lifecourse framework in order to acknowledge lived experience and cultural context from childhood to adulthood. Data were gathered and analysed through the prism of constructivist grounded theory, a methodology well placed for exploratory research of topics about which relatively little is known. Rich participant insight and analysis eschew island mono-culturalism, instead extending the discourse around remote rural island ageing as distinct from mainland rural ageing. Empirical data informs substantive theory, and fresh considerations on gendered mid-life ageing and remote island place are offered for academia. Findings from this study indicate diverse relationships between ageing and place amongst mid-life women living in the Outer Hebridean regions of North Uist, South Uist, Benbecula and Berneray. The connection between ageing and island place is experienced through place attachment, and is influenced by a range of socio-economic factors: primarily of relevance to this study is that of the natural environment. Perspectives on ageing reflect lived lifecourse experience and thus vary between those native and non-native to the Outer Hebrides; those who live with a partner or alone; those who have children and those child-free; and between those who enjoy socio-economic stability and those who do not.

Study on the Rural Aging Adaptation Program under the Model of Aging in Place--The Case of Houkuang Village in Shandong Province

Study on the Rural Aging Adaptation Program under the Model of Aging in Place--The Case of Houkuang Village in Shandong Province

Exploring non-linear effects of walking accessibility on well-being in rural older adults of Jintang County: a random forest analysis.

The global concern surrounding the aging population has brought the well-being of older individuals to the forefront of societal attention. Unfortunately, studies focusing on the well-being of older people residing in rural areas are frequently overshadowed by the developmental disparities between rural and urban regions. Thus, this study aims to delve into the non-linear impact of walking accessibility on the subjective well-being of rural older adults. The goal is to gain a comprehensive understanding of this relationship, ultimately contributing to an improved quality of life and health for older adults in rural areas. In this study, the Random Forest algorithm was employed to explore the non-linear effects of demographic variables, perceived safety, subjective built environment (including perceptions and preferences of the built environment), and walking accessibility on the subjective well-being of older adults. The findings of this study underscore the pivotal role of walking accessibility in influencing the well-being of older adults, particularly in terms of access to bazaars and health centers, where non-linear and threshold effects are evident. Furthermore, community safety, road conditions, and walking preferences were identified as positive influencers on the well-being of older adults. Well-being trends varied with age, revealing noteworthy non-linear relationships for certain variables. The insights gained from this study provide crucial theoretical guidance for the development of policies tailored to the unique context of rural aging. By taking into account factors such as walking accessibility, community safety, health support, and social interaction, we can create an improved living environment for rural older adults, ultimately enhancing their happiness and overall quality of life.

Research on Rural Aging in Henan Province under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Research on Rural Aging in Henan Province under the Background of Rural Revitalization

BUILDING BRIDGES TO CONNECT BETWEEN NEEDS, RESOURCES, AND RURAL RESIDENTS

Abstract The percentage of older adults living in rural areas is predicted to rise with population aging. This impacts access to resources, creates barriers to effective aging, and promotes a unique aging experience. Consequently, demands are growing for services to support healthy aging in rural regions already experiencing healthcare disparities. This symposium will focus on location variations in resource availability, and unique interventions to promote aging in place. In the first and second presentations, researchers report on differences in current service utilization, satisfaction, and perceived future service needs/use among rural versus frontier-residing older adults in Wyoming, and in Nigeria, respectively. In the third presentation, successes and failures of an interdisciplinary approach to increase Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) diagnosis/treatment rates are shared. The fourth group reports the impact of an intergenerational RCT intervention of training older adults in computer literacy and online chair yoga engagement, for decreasing pain levels and cognitive risk. This is a Rural Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

Comparison of Anthropometry Measures between Urban and Rural Aging Cohort in India

AbstractBackgroundAnthropometric characteristics of individuals and populations are simple and strong predictors of nutrition, future ill health, functional impairment and mortality (WHO‐TRS 854). Our objective was to observe differences in various anthropometric measurements between urban and rural aging participants in India. The Tata Longitudinal Study of Aging (TLSA) and Srinivaspura Aging Neurosenescence and COGnition (SANSCOG) study are ongoing, large‐scale, prospective, population‐based cohort studies in urban and rural India respectively (Sundarakumar J et.al 2020).MethodA cross‐sectional comparative study that included 1089 urban and 4913 rural participants of both the genders aged 45 years and above were selected from ongoing TLSA and SANSCOG studies. Anthropometric measurements such as Height, Weight, Waist circumference, Hip circumference, Waist‐Hip ratio, Waist‐Height ratio, Body fat and Visceral fat of both the groups were obtained through a structured clinical protocol by trained physicians and nurses and Tanita body composition analyzer. Chi‐square and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the results as the data was not normally distributed.ResultUrban participants were older and had more years of education. The proportion of males and females did not differ between both cohorts as shown in Table 1. Mann‐Whitney U test was conducted to determine whether there was a difference in various anthropometric measures between Urban and Rural cohorts. The results indicate significant difference between the groups as shown in Table 2.ConclusionUrban participants were observed to have comparatively high range of anthropometric measurements compared to rural participants. This difference may be because mean age of rural cohort was less where they mostly engage in more physically demanding occupation such as farming while their urban counterparts were elder and may engage in sedentary occupation.

Comparison of Executive Functioning between Ageing Urban and Rural Participants in India: A Cross‐sectional Analysis

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults living in urban areas differ from their rural counterparts in many ways, including the cognitive performance. Executive functioning is one of the few cognitive domains that is implicated to be affected in early stages of dementia. However, there are very few studies that have explored differences in cognitive functioning across rural and urban contexts in India. Our objective was to evaluate differences in executive functioning across urban and rural participants.MethodOur study sample includes ageing individuals (≥ 45 years): 1089 from the urban Tata Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TLSA) cohort and 4913 from the rural Srinivaspura Ageing, Neuro Senescence and COGnition (SANSCOG) study cohort. The TLSA and SANSCOG are parallel, harmonised, community‐based cohort studies in urban and rural India exploring the risk and protective factors associated with cognitive changes due to normal ageing, dementia and other related disorders. The difference in executive functioning measured by Categorical fluency, Letter fluency, Visuospatial span and Stroop tests were compared across both cohorts.ResultUrban participants were older, had more years of education had less Geriatric Depression Score (GDS) as shown in Table 1. They did not differ in gender and proportion of cognitive impairment. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of each executive functioning tests between both the cohorts (urban participants were coded as reference category) while age, years of education and GDS were adjusted.Urban participants performed better than Rural participants on Categorical fluency (β = ‐2.379, p &lt; 0.001), Letter fluency (β = ‐4.343, &lt; 0.001), Visuospatial span (β = ‐0.279, &lt; 0.001) and Stroop (β = 0.934, &lt; 0.001). Similar results were obtained after gender stratification as shown in Table 2.ConclusionUrban participants performed better than their rural counterparts in all tests examining executive functioning. Poorer cognitive functioning in the rural ageing cohort could be due to a number of reasons including limited or less cognitively demanding occupations. There is a need for more such longitudinal studies in India that explore community environment on cognitive function across different cohorts.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Old-age Care under the Background of Population Aging

2021 is the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, according to the calculation of relevant departments, China has completed the task of poverty alleviation and completed the major mission of building a well-off society in an all-round way, but this does not mean that poverty has completely disappeared, and the phenomenon of relative poverty and easy return to poverty after poverty alleviation still exists. Especially the aging phenomenon in our country, especially in the rural areas of nearly 3 million people over 60 years old, there is a serious phenomenon of "urban and rural aging inversion", and the quality of life of the rural elderly is far worse than the urban elderly, therefore, to solve the problem of rural old-age is imperative.

Active and productive ageing in India: evidence from the time use pattern of ageing adults

BackgroundWith the increasing proportion of older adults in India, it becomes essential to get an insight into the various influencing factors of successful ageing. However, the literature on successful ageing is minuscule in the Indian context. The present study attempted to understand successful ageing in terms of active and productive ageing by exploring their determining factors.MethodsThe data were extracted from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave–1 (2017–2018). We utilized self-reported time use information from the experimental module of the LASI. A total of 7837 ageing adults were included in the study. We employed descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and a multinominal logistic regression model to examine the prevalence and the determinants of active and productive ageing.ResultsThe prevalence of inactive ageing was higher among the Indian ageing population (57.47%), followed by active ageing (29.59%) and productive ageing (12.94%). Poor sleep quality and the prevalence of morbidity and disability limited the ageing population from attaining active and productive ageing. Engagement in physical activity was significantly associated with active and productive ageing (β = 0.83, 99% CI: -0.72–0.94 and β = 0.82, 99% CI: 0.66–0.98), respectively. Rural ageing adults were more likely to attain active ageing and less likely to attain productive ageing.ConclusionEngagement in physical activities among the ageing population shall be promoted to attain active and productive ageing. Since the rural ageing population were less likely to attain productive ageing than their urban counterparts, opportunities to participate in more formal economic activities in rural areas could be promoted for the wellbeing of the second demographic dividend.

Environment Intensifies Imbalance and Fear of Falling: Comparing Urban and Rural Aging Communities.

The relationship between environmental diversity and the health status of older adults has been less considered in studies. This study seeks to investigate the causal relationship among the environment, falling, fear of falling, and the imbalance of older adults in southern Iran in 2021. The investigation into the relationship between environmental pollution to the imbalance and fear of falling, especially in comparing urban and rural aging societies is the aim of current study. In a cross-sectional study, 489 older samples from rural and urban areas were chosen randomly and their experience of falling, fear of falling, imbalance, and IADL were examined. The ordinal and nominal logistic regression and ANOVA were performed using IBM-SPSS. With a mean age of 71.8 (SD = 8.3), older participants have long time chronic disease (69.6%) and falling experience twice a year (42.7%). The values of effect size indicated the high effectiveness of settlement in explaining IADL, health situation, experience and fear of falling, and imbalance (Eta squared > 30). The odds ratio for being in the urban settlement was 5.51, indicating the imbalance score increased by approximately 5.52 times. Imbalance in older people leads to the fear and experience of falling. This imbalance is strongly influenced by the environment. Urban pollution can contribute to this problem. Future studies on aging need to focus on environmental pollution and diversity in the experience of falling and imbalance.

Digital health literacy among the ageing population: A comparative cross-sectional study between rural and urban Telangana, India

BackgroundDigital health literacy (DHL) is the confluence where health literacy meets digital literacy. DHL has been labelled as one of the digital determinants of health by the World Health Organization. The present study estimated and compared the DHL between Telangana's urban and rural ageing adults, and their potential determinants. MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken among 318 of the ageing individuals (≥45 years) of Hyderabad, visiting the primary health centres in the rural and urban field practice during March 2023. A Telugu version of the eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) and health literacy scale tools were administered by the interviewers. Adjusted analysis was conducted by multiple linear regression method. ResultsOverall, 20.4% of the study participants had good DHL, with a similar proportion between rural and urban areas (rural-20.1% and urban-20.8%, p value-0.889). The median eHealth literacy score among the study participants was 8. While 36.5% and 45.9% had smartphones and standard analogue phones, respectively in urban areas, only 19.5% and 38.4% had smartphones and standard analogue phones, respectively in rural areas. Computer usage in the past month, higher educational qualification, and ownership of mobile phones were significant determinants of DHL. A mild but significant correlation between DHL and health literacy screening scores was found. ConclusionConsidering the low DHL among the ageing population, enabling environment with enhanced access to mobile phones/smartphones and familiarity with information and communication technology gadgets must be established to improve their DHL.

Factors associated with rural aging in Brazilian municipalities: an analysis using quantile regressions

In rural Brazil, aging is an important phenomenon for the future of the country’s agricultural production. This process is associated with both increased life expectancy and rural-urban migration. According to studies on migration, young people are more likely to change their place of residence, being attracted by the existence of work opportunities and, consequently, repulsed by their scarcity. This study assumes the rate of rural aging tends to be higher in places where the ratio of urban to rural work opportunities is high. Thus, using spatial dependence models and quantile analysis of data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, the effects of factors associated with income, agrarian structure, and location on rural aging in Brazilian municipalities were assessed. The results suggest rural areas with low attractiveness situated close to urban centers are the most susceptible to population aging and, consequently, rural depopulation.