Rundown Neighborhood Research Articles

Older Adults' Preventive Behaviors During COVID-19 Outbreak: Application of Multiple Disadvantage Model.

This study explored older adults’ preventive behaviors during the pandemic. A sample of 2982 community-dwelling older adults was extracted from the United States National Health and Aging Trends Study. Results showed that number of preventive behaviors was decreased with rundown neighborhood and age; but increased with Blacks, Hispanics, other ethnic minorities, income, female, number of persons in household, social cohesion, social network, family/peer support, severity of COVID-19 symptoms, and anxiety during COVID-19 outbreak. The study results imply that joint effort of government and ethnic minority advocacy groups in public health education should focus on preventive measures as well as racial disparities in health, and that rejuvenating rundown neighborhoods, promoting neighboring, providing stimulus checks and unemployment insurance, and maintaining connection with family and friends will promote preventive behaviors.

The making and unmaking of Tarlabasi, Istanbul: an account of territorial stigmatisation

Territorial stigmatisation has been drawing attention in the past decade as an important concept in analysing the bad reputation of run-down neighbourhoods and how this bad reputation is used and produced by state agencies. Especially, the links between territorial stigmatisation and urban policies that are followed by state-led gentrification processes have been an emerging discussion in this analysis of understanding the phenomenon of stigmatised places. This paper aims to examine the links and relationships between the concepts of territorial stigmatisation, state-led gentrification and state power in the neighbourhood of Tarlabasi in historic Istanbul. The questions this paper responds to through the analysis of Tarlabasi are: What were the motivations of agencies of power to mobilise stigmatisation of Tarlabasi during urban renewal projects? Why did territorial stigmatisation increase during processes of state-led gentrification? How did the inhabitants of Tarlabasi behave in the face of increased stigma? The paper concludes with reflections on the use of territorial stigmatisation as a tool and accelerator for urban renewal/regeneration/transformation projects as well as its use as a mechanism by which to procure consent from the public.

Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City by Derek S. Hyra

Reviewed by: Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City by Derek S. Hyra Aysegul Can Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City. Derek S. Hyra. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017. Pp. 240, black & white maps, illustrations, appendix, notes. $90.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-2264-4936-4. $30.00, paperback, ISBN 978-0-2264-4953-1. Race, Class, and Politics in the Cappuccino City offers a detailed and very well-written account of Washington, DC, in the specificity of the Shaw/U Street neighborhood. Author Derek Hyra takes the reader on a journey of the redevelopment and gentrification of this neighborhood through local and intimate stories. Hyra does so with eight chapters divided into three parts. The first part is called "Th e Setting" and contains three chapters. This part sets the scene for the redevelopment of Shaw/U Street with the concepts of "gilded ghetto" and "cappuccino city" to show the demographic change from a predominantly black city to a more "cappuccino- colored" city with the arrival of white newcomers. These two metaphors are used throughout the book. They create the perfect flow for the reader and fit very well with the processes that are described. This part goes on to discuss the unusual political background of Washington, DC, and how this affected the development of the city and the behavior of the inhabitants as they fought for decades to be even locally represented. This situation creates both resentment and strengthens the community ties in the city at the same time. This is also apparent in the choice of black Washingtonians' mayor (Marion Barry), who wins the people's support, in spite of his corrupt ways, mostly by being on the street and being with the people in general. This part ends with a chapter on Washington's increasing importance as a world city and its connection to the globalization of the economy. The second part of the book, titled "What's Going On?" is the most interesting part in terms of contributing to gentrification studies. It opens with a chapter on "black branding." Here, Hyra successfully explains how African American culture, important African American [End Page 252] figures, and the history of protests and civil rights were commoditized during the redevelopment process of not only Shaw/U Street but also most of Washington's downtown area. In addition, the resentment this "black branding" sparks for the long-term residents and the conflict it creates between the long-term and new residents is a phenomenon observed in many gentrified neighborhoods that used their diverse past to sell newly built condos and lofts. This is followed by a thorough chapter on intersectionality of race, sexuality, and class through the perspective of gentrification. This type of intersectional analysis in gentrification studies is fairly recent. Hyra takes into account the racial, sexual, and class differences in the neighborhood and analyzes the parts that overlap to showcase the complex and different dynamics at play in a transforming neighborhood. The final chapter of this part is called "Linking Processes of Political and Cultural Displacement." This chapter is important because it does not focus on the residential displacement residents experience in a gentrifying neighborhood (which is already overresearched) but instead analyzes the displacement pressure that the long-term residents experience. Even though the chapter proves to be very interesting, I believe that an account of the displaced people would have been a great addition. The third and last part of the book, titled "What Does It All Mean?" consists of two chapters. The first is a summary of all the urban processes that are mentioned in the book. Hyra emphasizes his point on where the city of Washington sits in the gentrification and global city literature. The last chapter of the book proposes some policies to enable the current residents to stay in their neighborhood, promotes social mixing in already gentrifying neighborhoods through bottom-up approaches, and offers ways to economically redevelop run-down neighborhoods with their poor residents, not by excluding them. This book is easy to read and accessible by most segments of the general public. On another note, the book does not offer a detailed or extensive discussion...

Spiritual Struggles and Health: Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Status

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that spiritual struggles may play a major role in explaining the relationship between religion and health. Even so, there are significant gaps in the literature. More specifically, researchers do not know enough about how spiritual struggles arise in the first place. This study has two major goals. The first is to see whether socioeconomic status is associated with spiritual struggles. The second is to see whether spiritual struggles are associated with physical health. A conceptual model is tested that contains the following core hypotheses: (1) individuals with lower levels of educational attainment are more likely to encounter chronic economic difficulties; (2) people who experience ongoing financial strain are more likely to live in rundown neighborhoods; (3) people who live in dilapidated neighborhoods will be more angry than their well‐to‐do counterparts; (4) people who are more angry will, in turn, be more likely to experience spiritual struggles; and (5) greater spiritual struggles will be associated with more symptoms of physical illness. Data from a recent nationwide survey (N = 2,146) provide empirical support for each hypothesis.

SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA TIDAK MEMBUANG AIR BESAR DI SUNGAI (STOP BABS) DI DESA GAMPANG KECAMATAN PRAMBON

Sanitation is the one component of environmental health as intentional behavior for cultivate human hygiene to prevent direct contact with dirt and other hazardous waste material, with the hope to maintain and improve human health. This is because, the environment may play a direct cause influential factor in supporting the outbreak of disease and as factors affecting the course of the disease. All feces is a medium as breeding and seed base of infectious diseases. The impact of the disease is most often caused by defecation to the river is the widespread bacterium Escherichia coli, which can cause diarrhea. After that could be dehydrated, and because of the condition of human body’s down then get other diseases. The river is a very important source of water to support human’s life. Dynamism watersheds are influenced by the weather, river flow characteristics and human behaviour of the people who live around the river banks. As a result of effluent from people behaviour causes disturbance to the ecosystem of the river flow. Starting from the non-fulfillment of water quality 3B standarts (colorless, odorless and non-toxic), reduced numbers of fish and water animals, the emergence of a rundown neighborhood until the emergence of health problems and others, therefore, to KKN-PPM in the field of Environmental Sanitation and Supply water in the village Easy in Subdisrtict Prambon, Sidoarjo, the program will be made by "socialization of Great Importance Not Throw water on the River (STOP BABS)".

Estimating the impact of metro rail stations on residential property values: evidence from Tehran

Building a rail transit system into a neighbourhood generally raises expectations about the positive impact of the rail project on property values. Despite this general belief, the paper argues that the nature and magnitude of the effect vary depending on local and regional contextual factors. In this respect, the introduction of Tehran’s Metro Rail System (TMRS) between the low-income/run-down neighbourhoods on the south side and high-quality/affluent neighbourhoods on the north side of the city provides a suitable opportunity to examine this issue. Thus, the paper focuses on Shariati and Qolhak Stations in the northern parts, and Shohada and Shemiran Stations in the southern parts of the city, comparing price trends before and after the opening of the stations. The effect is estimated for treated and control properties of the metro stations using both trend analysis and a difference-in-differences model. Moreover, in order to identify the mediating contextual factors that influence the magnitude and direction of the impact, a survey is conducted close to the selected metro stations by means of qualitative methods of impact assessment. The paper found an overall negative effect of the metro stations on the sales value of residential properties located in Tehran’s affluent neighbourhoods. On the contrary, the effect is positive and high for properties located close to the southern stations in the poor and run-down neighbourhoods of the city. The qualitative survey indicates that this negative effect in the northern neighbourhoods may be due to such contextual factors as a lack of considerable demand for public transport, inappropriate land-use management, perceptions of crime and privacy, and nuisance effects.

Neighborhood conditions, religious coping, and uncontrolled hypertension

The purpose of this study is to see whether God-mediated control beliefs moderate the relationship between living in rundown neighborhoods and uncontrolled hypertension. God-mediated control refers to the belief that God will help people handle the stressors that arise in life. Data are provided by a nationwide survey of adults (N = 1919). Three ways of assessing uncontrolled hypertension are examined: a binary format contrasting people with and without uncontrolled hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure scored continuously, and a four ordinal category scheme recommended by the American Heart Association. The data suggest that stronger God-mediated control beliefs moderate the relationship between neighborhood conditions and uncontrolled blood pressure when blood pressure is scored continuously and when the American Heart Association scheme are used as outcomes.

KEJADIAN CACAT PADA ANAK USIA 24 - 59 BULAN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERKAITAN, RISKESDAS 2010

The objective of the analysis is to determine the factors that associated with Down Syndrome (DS), Cerebral Palsy (CP) and other disabilities (blind, deaf, speech impaired, physically disabled, ormentally disabled). The data that used in this analysis were from Basic National Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2010. Subjects were children aged 24-59 months and their birth mother (11.115 children). Nine defect children had been found from West Java Province in 2010 were verified by visiting to their home. In Indonesia, the prevalence of DS, CP and other defects were respectively 0,07%; 0,05%; and 0,39%. Mothers who gave birth above 35 years old have risk of having a DS child 4,8 times (CI: 1,225 to 20,265; p=0,034) than mothers who gave birth at and below 35 years old. Mothers who live in a slum area have risk of having other defect children 2,1 times(CI: 1,225 to 4,109; p=0,021) than mothers who not live in slum area. Maternal age at delivery is associated with DS. Living environment is associated with other defects. Counseling to pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years old and living in a rundown neighborhood in order to antenal care every month so that the incidence of DS and other defects can be prevented.

Ulduz Maschaykh: The changing image of affordable housing: design, gentrification and community in Canada and Europe

This book takes an architectural perspective towards understanding the challenge of housing affordability in cities. It is primarily focused on British Columbia, Canada, with a few brief case studies in Europe. The author’s main argument is that: ‘[A]rchitecture can play a pivotal role in diminishing social imbalances and giving people from a broader range of backgrounds a sense of identity and belonging. In this regards, buildings can influence wider social and political changes’ (p. 9). Chapter one provides a thorough review of the main literature on gentrification. Maschaykh describes four theories in good detail: Smith’s rent-gap, Florida’s creative class, David Ley’s middle-class aesthetic and the trend towards mixed-income communities. One of the best parts of this book is when she provides cultural references from television, books and movies to illustrate each theory. What is missing, however, is an analysis or interpretation of the relationship between gentrification and the lack of affordable housing. The author’s position on gentrification is never fully articulated and chapter one reviews, rather than frames the author’s position in the literature. She writes of gentrification: ‘[W]hen a city’s value increases and draws wealthy residents and investors into rundown neighbourhoods, these enclaves experience a process of revitalization that is known as ‘gentrification.’ Architecture plays an important part in the gentrification process. This is most evident in buildings that stand out from the rest because of their history’ (p. 2). Exactly what role architecture plays is not clear. Does it stimulate or reduce gentrification and if so, how? Is this good for cities; if so why? To make a strong contribution to the gentrification debate, such questions needed further analysis and elaboration. Empirically, the book deals with some insightful case studies. Part one focuses on Europe, with chapter two examining early twentieth Century affordable housing in Vienna and Germany. Examples such as Vienna’s Karl-Marx-Hof are described in detail. In chapter three, the focus shifts towards contemporary ‘super-gentrification’ in Berlin.

Receiving Support, Giving Support, Neighborhood Conditions, and Waist/Hip Ratios.

Obesity is a major health problem in the USA, and as a result, it is important to identify the factors that help people keep their body weight within healthy limits. The purpose of this study was to see whether receiving support at church and giving support at church buffer (i.e., moderate) the effects of living in rundown neighborhoods on a key marker of obesity-waist/hip ratios (WHR). The data are provided from a recent nationwide survey of people age 18 and older (N=1456). The findings reveal that giving support to fellow church members tends to offset the effects of living in dilapidated neighborhoods on WHR. In contrast, receiving support from coreligionists does not appear to perform a similar stress-moderating function. The theoretical underpinnings of providing support at church are discussed.

Dancing in the Streets

This collection of essays on the arts in postwar U.S. cities offers a historical perspective on the contemporary embrace of the arts as a tool for urban placemaking, neighborhood revitalization, economic boosting, and market branding. Urban historians can add a longer perspective to this trend to explain not only the roots of its current popularity but also more detailed measures of the arts’ impact. These essays look at arts institutions, artists as residents, and artworks themselves from the 1950s-70s to uncover the entangled intersection of arts and urbanization – before the arts became a touted salvation for stagnant economies and run-down neighborhoods.

“Live on the Hills and Work in the City”

In November 1959, a group of businessmen and politicians from Wheeling, West Virginia, a small city of fifty-five thousand along the Ohio River, traveled to their larger neighbor upstream with hopes of recreating Pittsburgh’s successful urban renewal program in their own community. Over the previous six years, the Wheeling Area Conference on Community Development had pushed through a series of smoke control and infrastructure projects modeled on the Steel City’s Renaissance. In a letter to Edward Magee, executive director of Pittsburgh’s Allegheny Conference on Community Development, Wheeling retailer Robert Levenson expressed his gratitude for the “wonderful cooperation and inspiration you provided,” and declared that the trip had “galvanized our city government into action.” Adopting the slogan, “live on the hills and work in the city,” the Urban Renewal Authority of Wheeling (URAW), chaired by Levenson, subsequently cleared a rundown neighborhood along the river in the early 1960s with the goal of creating a new planned industrial district. “All citizens who believe in Wheeling find themselves welcome,” Wheeling Conference officials declared. We are “moving forward in giant steps and can become as great a city as its citizens want it to be.” 1 The public–private partnership behind the Pittsburgh Renaissance always understood its economic mission in terms of the broader metropolitan region. First and foremost, Allegheny Conference leaders and their political allies sought to improve the competitiveness of the Pittsburgh region with respect to other American cities. Smoke and flood control efforts, highway construction, a system of rural parks, and urban renewal projects, including the corporate skyscrapers of the Golden Triangle, were all conceived within an overall framework of attracting and maintaining population and business investment. In response to long-running concerns about a chronic shortage of space for commercial expansion due to the rugged topography, conservative business leaders reluctantly turned to federally subsidized urban renewal programs in the 1950s for assistance in transforming older, mixed-use areas along the riverfronts into planned industrial districts, such as one envisioned for the Manchester neighborhood on the city’s North Side. At the same time, Conference officials acknowledged and even encouraged the migration of other urban functions, especially housing, to the periphery, where there was “enough land so that housing objectives may be realized, and every family live within easy commuting distance of the heart of the city.” 2

Integrated Urban Regeneration: The Opportunity of Enhancing the Open Spaces

The paper, draws the attention of the debate a reflection on the possibility of developing, in some urban areas, strategies and actions for the regeneration and redevelopment of the city; bringing to the attention not only the improvement of the spatial and functional dimension of the rundown neighborhoods, but also of the social and environmental dimensions. The valorisation of these areas may benefit from the theory of Ecosystem Services [, which appears to be able to renew the traditional approaches, to land use planning from the perspective of urban metabolism [; in this regard are of great interest those forms of planning of degraded urban fringes that take into account the minimal standard of space and/or rural services by to each inhabitant in order to make an area sustainable. The contribution starts from careful analysis of the rural peri-urban areas of Tuscany, polarized between two apparently conflicting dynamics between them (use of land abandonment and agricultural soils), to develop a reflection about the possibility of experiencing urban regeneration processes that include in inside them, innovative forms for the design of open spaces, with the aim both to recover a portion of depressed urban areas both to create new public spaces, modeled according to the forms of multifunctional agriculture and identitarian landscape [. An urban regeneration directed not only to the built space, but also to the open space and to the promotion of effective projectuality through proper analysis of services, which could be offered by rural areas and serve needs expressed by residents.

Small Changes – Big Gains: Transforming the Public and Communal Open Spaces in Rundown Neighbourhoods

Rundown neighbourhoods and social housing estates may not be visible to the majority of the population but they have an impact on society as a whole and not just those who live in them. This paper explains the concepts, processes and methods applied in the transformational change of public and communal open spaces in EC1, south Islington in London, and highlights the benefits of the change to their everyday users. The paper brings together a body of urban design theories and urban design collaborative approaches on open space transformational change.

Rethinking the Connection Between Creative Clusters and City Branding: the Cultural Axis of Piraeus Street in Athens

Abstract As culture and the arts gain importance within the agendas of cities, the operation of urban creative clusters is manifested as an effective planning tool for rundown neighbourhoods. Artists and cultural businesses (galleries, theatres, design offices, fashion designers, etc.) form a unique and distinctive sector among other sectors of the economy; their effect on the development and image of a particular neighbourhood can be very important. As part of wider urban processes, city marketing and city branding techniques are often used in order to promote the change in these neighbourhoods and, ideally, prevent negative social effects. The main goal of this paper is to present the experience and implications of the - mostly accidental - formation of a creative cluster in Athens (in the areas surrounding the Athenian part of Piraeus Street) and to critically evaluate the potential role of branding, drawing on the experience of similar efforts in other European cities.

The Young Lords, Puerto Rican Liberation, and the Black Freedom Struggle

José “Cha Cha” Jiménez was born into a peasant family in Caguas, Puerto Rico in 1948. After father Antonio Jiménez Rodríguez had worked for two years as a tomatero, or migrant tomato picker, in Concord, Massachusetts, José and his mother, Eugenia Rodríguez Flores, joined Antonio in Boston, and they moved to Chicago in 1950. At that time, most Puerto Ricans in the Windy City lived in run-down neighborhoods just north and west of downtown. As José came of age on the mean streets of Chicago, working-class turf gangs—black, white, Mexican, and Puerto Rican—defended their neighborhood territories against perceived outsiders. At the same time, a growing movement for “urban renewal” pushed working-class Puerto Rican families northward to Lincoln Park, and in the 1960s, further northwest to the Humboldt Park and Wicker Park neighborhoods. Colonized by the U.S. in 1898, Puerto Rico became a “commonwealth” of the U.S. in 1952, but as an “unincorporated territory” its residents had limited rights. The 1950s saw a burst of activism among Puerto Ricans on the island and mainland in support of full independence. Yet Jiménez and a handful of friends were more concerned with developments in their new neighborhood of Lincoln Park. In the late 1950s, they formed their own turf gang to defend against racist harassment by area whites. By 1962, they were calling themselves the Young Lords.

The Perceived Prayers of Others, Stress, and Change in Depressive Symptoms over Time

The purpose of this study was to see if believing that others are praying for them reduces the noxious effect of living in a rundown neighborhood on change in depressive symptoms among older people. Findings from a longitudinal nationwide survey of older adults reveal that the deleterious effect of living in a dilapidated neighborhood on depressive symptoms is significantly reduced for older individuals who believe others often pray for them. Further analyses suggest that the stress-buffering properties of beliefs about being prayed for by others remain virtually unchanged after emotional support from family members and close friends is taken into account. The findings have potentially important implications for studying church-based prayer groups as well as assessing the ways in which individuals might support each other during difficult times.

Neighborhood conditions and helping behavior in late life

The purpose of this study is to develop and test a latent variable model that explores the ways in which social structural factors influence the amount of social support that older adults provide to their social network members. Neighborhood conditions play a key role in this conceptual scheme. The findings provide support for the following conceptual linkages: (1) low parental education is associated with low respondent education; (2) older people with less education encounter more economic difficulty; (3) greater financial problems are associated with living in a rundown neighborhood; (4) older individuals who live in dilapidated neighborhoods are more hostile; and (5) older adults who are hostile are less likely to provide social support to their social network members. Research indicates that helping others is a key to successful aging. Ways must be found to help economically disadvantaged elders provide support to their social network members.

Katman (review)

Reviewed by: Katman Elizabeth Bush Pyle, Kevin C. Katman; written and illus. by Kevin C. Pyle. Holt, 2009 42p. Paper ed. ISBN 978-0-8050-8285-2 $12.99 Ad Gr. 7-10 Kit's a slacker, and his diligent older brother and single mom regularly shoo him out of the house with orders to find something worthwhile to do. He takes to feeding the stray cats in his rundown neighborhood, first sneaking cat food out of his own home and then shoplifting it from a convenience store as his feline guest list expands. His new hobby catches the attention of a group of local punks (more like poser punks, actually), particularly Jess, who creates a Katman avatar for Kit in her sketchbook. When Kit's mom hits the roof over the number of strays hanging around their rented house, she insists he get rid of the lot; unwilling to leave them in a shelter where they'll probably be euthanized, Kit works up the nerve to contact the notorious "cat lady" whose lives like a hermit in a house overrun with cats. It looks like the perfect solution until the crochety old lady dies, Kit tries to cover up her death, and Jess' gang decides to ransack her house in search of money. Graphic-novel devotees will find considerable appeal in the edginess of Pyle's shaggy characters and wrong side of town cityscapes. Beneath the visual grit, though, is a predictable and fairly shopworn yarn about the benefits of community involvement and the hearts of gold that beat within streetwise teens. Kit's flights of fancy, in which he imagines himself as Jess's heroic Katman, afford Pyle the opportunity to demonstrate his manga chops but add little to the overall effort. Pyle's title is on message with Castellucci's The Plain Janes, but its very un-girly veneer may draw a complementary readership. Copyright © 2010 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Blurring the joint line? Urban life on the edge between old and new in Shanghai

Urban renewal continues to play a major role in shaping the contemporary Chinese city. Old and run-down neighbourhoods either disappear to give way for new developments, or maintain their existence in immediate proximity to the latter. This small-scale ethnographic study, undertaken during 6 weeks on site in March and April 2007, examines the particular condition of spatial collision between the poor and the rich, the old and the new, the past and the future. It looks at an area of adjacent neighbourhoods in Shanghai, with focus on one recently redeveloped neighbourhood and one awaiting demolition prior to redevelopment. Their distinct spatial layouts and the lifestyles typical for their residents are found to join in a collage-like manner, thus forming an urban space of diversity and fragmentation. The very joint lines between those complementary neighbourhoods appear as rather dynamic entities, subject to continuous alteration in spite of their commonalities with static barriers. The paper proposes that collision between contrasting socio-spatial settings is – and will most likely remain – archetypical for the emerging Chinese city, as the poor, the old and the past are integral parts of the whole rather than diseases in need of eradication.