Rules For Use Research Articles

Comparative analysis of rural communities’ tradeoffs in large-scale and small-scale renewable energy projects in Kenya

AbstractIn Kenya's dynamic renewable energy landscape, characterized by complex policy frameworks, complex land tenure regimes, and diverse community dynamics, this qualitative research investigates the mechanisms and motivations guiding community decision-making when trading land for electricity access within the context of renewable energy projects. Through the lens of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, particularly the rules in use, this study unravels the complexities of rural communities’ trade-offs inherent in both large-scale and small-scale renewable energy projects. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations in rural communities engaged in these projects. The findings offer new insights into communities’ decision-making processes and institutional dynamics in shaping outcomes, with a focus on land rights and land use implications. The analysis highlights the relational nature of the trade-offs, influenced by factors such as land tenure systems, project scale, electricity access, traditional knowledge, and local context, supporting the importance of understanding communities’ diverse roles and positions, power dynamics, and governance structures. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding land-electricity trade-offs in renewable energy projects in rural areas, emphasizing the need for adaptable strategies to address evolving community needs and challenges.

Performance Analysis of Slamet Riyadi Hospital Pharmacy Installation Surakarta Using Balanced Scorecard Method

This study aims to determine the extent to which the performance of the Pharmacy Installation of the Hospital Class III 04.06.04 Slamet Riyadi Surakarta with the Balanced Scorecard method. This study is a non-experimental study with an exploratory and descriptive design. Data were collected retrospectively and simultaneously with in-depth interviews with pharmacists of the pharmacy facility, staff and patient questionnaires, and direct observation. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with existing standards. The findings indicate that 1) Financial perspective performance, TOR values are not yet in accordance with standards, the average GPM value is in accordance with the standard of 20-33% and the GROS value has not met the standard. 2) Customer perspective performance shows that there is high patient satisfaction with the performance of the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. However, there is a significant gap between satisfaction with its performance and patient expectations. Customer retention has increased customer acquisition in period one to period two. 3) Internal business perspective performance shows that drug availability reaches an optimal 100%, dispensing time for compounded prescriptions meets the standard, but for non-compounded prescriptions has not met the standard. PIO is delivered optimally 100% on information on indications, dosages, rules of use, side effects and related contraindications and how to store drugs have not been given to all patients. 4) The performance of the learning and growth perspective shows that satisfaction and work enthusiasm have a high category and the Hospital Information Management (SIM) system has not been optimally integrated. 5) The results of the SWOT analysis are included in quadrant II with a diversification strategy.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В ГОРОДСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the number of road accidents involving personal mobility aids (SIM). A new alternative to using a personal car is the use of a variety of personal protective equipment (SIM). SIM is a new era of development in the transport field. The devices began to gain particular popularity in Russia just a few years ago, and in foreign countries they are already actively used as a replacement for a personal car, developing the design and rules of use every year, thereby increasing safety.

Derivation of a clinical decision rule for termination of resuscitation in non-traumatic pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

AimPrehospital termination of resuscitation (ToR) rules are used to predict medical futility in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), however, the available evidence for pediatric patients is limited. The primary aim of this study is to derive a Pediatric Termination of Resuscitation (PToR) prediction rule for use in pediatric non-traumatic OHCA patients. MethodsWe analyzed a retrospective cohort of pediatric OHCA patients within the CARES database over a 10-year period (2013–2022). We split the dataset into training and test datasets and fit logistic regressions with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to select predictor variables and estimate predictive test characteristics for the primary outcome of death and a secondary composite outcome of death or survival to hospital discharge with unfavorable neurologic status. ResultsWe analyzed a sample of 21,240 children where 2,326 (11.0%) survived to hospital discharge, and 1,894 (8.9%) survived to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic status. We derived a PToR rule for death demonstrating a specificity of 99.1% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 99.8% and a PToR rule for death or survival with poor neurologic status with a specificity of 99.7% and PPV of 99.9% within the test dataset. ConclusionWe derived a clinical prediction rule with high specificity and positive predictive value in prehospital settings utilizing Advanced Life Support (ALS) providers which may inform termination of resuscitation considerations in pediatric patients. Further prospective and validation studies will be necessary to define the appropriateness and applicability of these PToR criteria for routine use.

PRESCRIPTION PROFILE OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN PREECLAMPSIA PATIENTS AT KIRANA HOSPITAL

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy with symptoms of hypertension ≥ 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria ≥ 0.3 grams/24 hours or 30 mg/dl (+1 dipstick) arising after more than 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive pregnant women. Maternal deaths in Indonesia in 2021 related to hypertension in pregnancy reached 1077 cases (Source: Directorate General of Public Health, Ministry of Health, 2021). Pharmacological therapy intervention, antihypertensive treatment is also needed in addition to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of pharmacological therapy including the pharmacological class of drugs, drug names, drug doses, rules of use, and types of antihypertensive drug therapy (single / combination) in patients with preeclampsia. This type of descriptive observational research is retrospective with total sampling obtained from medical records and patient prescriptions. The results of this study were the incidence of preeclampsia aged 35 years and over by 21 patients (36%) and the most common diagnosis was mild preeclampsia by 38 samples (66%). The use of nifedipine which is included in the CCB (Calcium Channel Blocker) group was 42 respondents (72%). Meanwhile, the use of methyldopa which is included in the central sympatholytic group was 17 respondents (28%). In the single therapy type study, 59 prescriptions (100%) used nifedipine or methyldopa. Pregnant women are encouraged to routinely conduct antenatal care checks at the hospital every month.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PARK ZONES ARRANGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MODERN CITY

The main principles of park zones arranging in the conditions of modern cities are analyzed in order to determine the optimal approaches to their development and organization, in particular, taking into account ecological, socio-economic and aesthetic aspects. Arguments are given that speak of the importance of observing the rules of zoning of such territories and prove the impact of the presence of properly located park zones on the physical and mental health of people. The most effective strategies for preserving the natural environment and creating a comfortable space for the city's residents have been determined, as well as potential obstacles and problems that may arise in the process of setting up park areas, and suggestions for overcoming them have been identified. The article provides a comparative analysis of the arrangement of park zones in Mariupol and Berlin. Fundamental differences in the planning of park zones as recreation areas for city dwellers have been identified. Innovative methods of using space, the introduction of eco-friendly materials and technologies, as well as the interaction of park zones with other aspects of urban planning (residential districts, the business part of the city, industrial zone, etc.) to create a healthier, sustainable and attractive urban environment were studied. The studies were carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents, which regulate the basic principles of arranging park zones, taking into account world experience regarding location, planning, filling (small architectural forms, monuments, lighting, landscaping) and other aspects. The main criteria for the optimization of park zones are: preservation of the existing priority direction of territory use while increasing the protection regime of individual areas; preservation of green areas and historical integrity of the territory; preservation and restoration of the formed landscape and architectural features of parks-monuments of garden and park art; appropriate territorial ratio of functional zones, organization of care for park territories at the level of local authorities and compliance with rules of use. Arrangements of park and green areas of cities from different countries were compared. Keywords: park areas, modern trends, green areas.

The Importance of Investments in Scientific Research in the Innovative Activity of Industrial Enterprises

In the article, the importance of investments in scientific research in the implementation of digital transformation and automation in industrial enterprises is studied on the example of developed countries, such as USA, theoretical and practical proposals are made for directing investments in scientific research in digitization and automation of industrial enterprises of Uzbekistan. The innovative activity of industrial enterprises should be such that it creates innovations in all processes: from research and development to production, from production to management, from sales to delivery to consumers, to study of the post-consumer situation, introduction of new digital and automated technologies, management system evaluation of activities, improvement of the functionality of products and technologies, reduction of costs and increase of efficiency, organization and production of marketing and advertising activities, with coverage of consumers, convenient delivery to customers, packaging, clarification of product description and rules of use of the product, as well as benefits or advantages obtained as a result processes should be covered. In addition, having a certain share of the main products in the total volume of production, it is possible to create business models with the aim of achieving a large amount of income from the main products due to the increase in the volume of sales with new technologies of production. The use of investment funds by industrial enterprises in the direction of scientific research in their innovative activities has a great effect.

Learning Chinese and making meaning – ways to develop intercultural citizenship in the foreign language classroom

Abstract Using Chinese language teaching in an engineering department as an example, this paper explores how language teaching can meet the challenges of globalisation and the advancement of technology by fulfilling its educational function as described in Byram’s model of intercultural communicative competence. By adapting theories and practices from counselling psychology, the proposed curriculum focuses on emotions to help learners uncover emotional barriers that arise when confronted with differences. It will support learners in raising awareness and developing their capacity to negotiate differences, leading to more effective cooperation with others. The paper discusses the use of experiential exercises in the classroom. They include those developed in Chinese language pedagogy, namely the performed culture approach and those developed in humanistic psychotherapy, such as body psychotherapy. The aim is to help learners notice their own feelings, attitudes, and behaviour as well as the otherness of the other in the classroom. This approach is powerful because it is in the here and now. It utilises movements and different senses as well as cognition. It helps uncover barriers to intercultural communication hidden under the surface by making the unconscious conscious. Reflection is a key part of this process. Learners are expected to reflect on their own thinking and feelings and to make sense of the dynamics in the classroom. Learners are expected to develop reflexivity, subjectivity and intersubjective awareness while acquiring linguistic competency and social cultural rules of use.

Advancing social practice understandings of digital innovation delivery in construction project management

PurposeThe paper aims to apply social practice theory to clarify the process of innovation design and delivery from one successful digital innovation: the building information modelling (BIM) risk library. The paper clarifies the practices surrounding construction innovation and provides a schema useful for practitioners and technology designers through a social practice analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies Schatzki's “organisation of practice” concepts to a construction project innovation to clarify how the practice of innovation revolves around understandings, rules and teleoaffectivities (emotive behaviours). Sources for the study include notes from meetings, workshops with experts and the shared artefacts of innovation.FindingsThe practice of innovation design and delivery are clarified through a social practice analysis: a distinct “field of practice” and a “schema” of generalisable prescriptions and preferences for innovation delivery being presented.Practical implicationsThe paper informs the practice and process of innovation design and delivery; the insights clarify how collective understandings and rules of use evolve over time, becoming formalised into contracts, agreements and workplans. Practically, processes whereby innovation “sayings” evolve into innovation “doings” are clarified: a schema detailing prescriptions and preferences of practitioners and developers being presented.Originality/valueThe social practice analysis of one successful construction innovation is an original contribution to the body of knowledge, adding a level of detail regarding innovation design and delivery often missing from reported research.

Mathematics and the formal turn

Since the early twentieth century, it has been understood that mathematical definitions and proofs can be represented in formal systems with precise grammars and rules of use. Building on such foundations, computational proof assistants now make it possible to encode mathematical knowledge in digital form. This article enumerates some of the ways that these and related technologies can help us do mathematics.

Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Antipsikotik pada Pasien Skizofrenia di Puskesmas Kota Gorontalo

Schizophrenia is one of the most common forms of psychotic mental disorder, with the main symptoms being the absence of self-understanding (insight) and the inability to assess reality (reality testing ability is disturbed). This study aimed to determine the description of the antipsychotic drug's usage, including the drug classes, types, doses, and medication rules in schizophrenia patients at the Kota Selatan Public Health Center, Gorontalo City. This observational study used secondary data and was conducted retrospectively. Further, data obtained from the medical records of 25 schizophrenia patients were analyzed univariately. The results disclosed that schizophrenia was more experienced by men (60%), more prevalent in the age range of 36-45 years (52%), and unmarried (48%)The most widely used antipsychotic drugs were atypical groups (72%). The most widely used type of drug was Risperidone 2 mg with a rule of use of 2 x 1 (39%) and 1 x 1 (9%). Clozapine, 25 mg. with a rule of 2 x 1 was 14%, and 1 x 1 was 9%. Meanwhile, the had 28% consisting typical group only of chlorpromazine 25 mg with tule of use of 1x 1 (12%), haloperidol with a dose of 1.5 mg with a rule of use of 2 sikzonoate 25 mg/ml with 1 x 1 was 5%.

Level of Difficulty Using Verbs Meaning ``To Wear" in Sentences by Students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program

Verbs with the meaning ’to wear’, have functions and rules of use. Even though they have the same meaning, namely “to wear” in Indonesian, in Japanese the verb “to wear” varies depending on the object used. This is different from the verb “wearing” in Indonesian, which is the same when used on different objects. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) How is the ability to use the verb to wear in Japanese sentences by Semester II Students of PBJ FBS UNIMA Study Program? (2) What verbs are difficult for Semester II students of PBJ FBS UNIMA in using the verb wear in Japanese sentences? The method used in this research was descriptive. The results showed: (1) the average mastery of the verb to wear by Semester II Students of PBJ FBS UNIMA Study Program was divided into two large groups. The group that is categorized as “capable” is 40% and “poor” is 48%, while those who were unable are only 12%. The standard assessment criteria were judged based on the difficulty level of the question. There were 10 students who were able to use the verb to wear with a percentage of 40%, there were 12 students who were less able to use the verb to wear with a percentage of 48%, and there were 3 people who were unable to use the verb to wear with a percentage of 12%. (2) Based on the results of research tests on the level of difficulty of the questions, it was found that the verbs considered difficult were the verbs tsukemasu (つけます), shimasu (します), makimasu (まきます), and hamemasu (はめます).
 Keywords: verbs, language, Japanese, education, sentence

THE VERB ’STAND’ IN THE LOCATIVE SENTENCES OF THE SLOVAK LANGUAGE

Our article aims to present the rules of use of the Slovak quasi-copula meaning ’stand’. The study is part of a series of research carried out in the Uralistics Research Group of the HUN-REN Research Centre for Linguistics. In Slovak, as in Hungarian and several other languages, the verb ’stand’ has been grammaticalized and has become a quasi-copula used in locative and existential sentences. In the framework of the analysis, we present the list of the objects in the locative sentences whose location is typically described using the quasi-copula ’stand’. Our results show that, in addition to the geometric properties of the object (height, prominent verticality), the aspect of functionality is also very important. In general, ’stand’ expresses if the orientation of the object is such that the object is capable of performing its role, i.e. in Slovak locative sentences, a visual similarity is not the only basis for the presence of the posture verb ’stand’ as a verbal element.

Rule-in-Use for Community-Based Springs Management Faces Land Use Pressures: Lesson Learned from Manggarai District

The struggle for water is one of the greatest immediate risks of the climate crisis. Therefore, the institutional challenge of water management is increasingly urgent and requires a number of consensuses to succeed, including community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). A key challenge to the traditional consensus for water conservation is the increasing need for land conversion due to population growth, which in turn deflects decision-making power away from traditional institutions towards external decision-makers such as regional governments. Using Ostrom's conceptual framework of rules of use, this research examines shifting spring water management in the context of Kabupaten Manggarai. The paper explores traditional rules of water management in the community and compares it to the institutional development of springs in four villages. Ultimately, it analyses the gap between the traditional rules of water management and the reality on the ground. The study finds that traditional community management of springs is subject to power contestation due to unclear institutional direction, which in turn emerges from opaque land and spatial planning policies and political decisions. These policies are overly economic and do not take into account traditional conservation and resources characteristics.

Gambaran Pelayanan Informasi Obat Terhadap Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan

Drug information services were activities that carried out by pharmacists to provide information about drugs that is impartial, critically evaluated, and with the best evidence in all aspects of drug use to other health professionals, patients, or the public. Providing drug information has an important role in improving the quality of life of patients and providing quality services for them. The purpose of this study was to determine drug information services for outpatients in the pharmaceutical installation of Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Public Hospital. This study used qualitative research methods with a sample of pharmaceutical officers who provided drug information services to outpatients, as many as 100 patients. Data collection was carried out by interview, direct observation, and using a check list sheet of drug information components. The results showed that the percentage of components conveyed when delivering drug information, including the name of the drug, drug dosage, type of preparation, rules of use, how to use, time of use, amount of drug, and efficacy or indications, had a percentage of 100%. While the drug information component that is rarely conveyed is how to store the drug with a percentage of 8%, the drug information component that is not conveyed is the side effects of the drug. The results of this study indicate that drug information services to outpatients carried out by pharmaceutical officers in the pharmaceutical installation of the Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan Public Hospital have been well implemented, with a percentage of 80.80%. The results also concluded that the drug information services carried out by the pharmacist of Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Public Hospital, Medan, were in accordance with hospital procedures and Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals.

Medicinal Plants used for Antihypercholesterolemia in Ethnic Groups of Celebes Island, Indonesia

This study aimed to identify the utilization of medicinal plants used by selected traditional healers who met inclusion criteria to treat high cholesterol levels in ethnic groups of Celebes Island, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and sample collection. This study revealed 67 concoction information and identified the use of 48 plant species distributed in 32 families among 39 healers in 20 ethnic groups in Celebes Island. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (UV=0.21), lamiaceae (15.63%), and leaves (57.35%) were determined as the most prominent species, family, and plant part used. The most widely prescribed rule of use is internal administration (94.03%) with a frequency of 3x1 per day (44.78%) for a week to a month (56.72%). However, conservation efforts need to be initiated immediately since more than 50% of healers made no cultivation efforts

The misapplication dilemma

AbstractWhen policymakers craft rules for use by the general public, they must take into account the ways in which their rules are likely to be misapplied. Should contractualists and rule consequentialists do the same when they search for rules whose general acceptance would be non‐rejectable or ideal? I argue that these theorists face a dilemma. If they ignore the possibility of misapplication, they end up with an unrealistic view that rejects rules designed to protect us from others’ mistakes. On the other hand, if they take misapplication into account, they end up rejecting rules that appeal to what really matters morally in favor of easier‐to‐apply proxies for these rules. This leaves them unable to say why certain wrong acts are wrong, which in turn may lead them to mistaken verdicts about moral worth and wronging. I show how this misapplication dilemma applies to standard contractualist and rule consequentialist theories, but also suggest how it might generalize to other two‐level theories, including those designed to avoid the ideal world objection.

To have or have not: Limiting the data available for subsequent use by the police

In search of evidence in criminal investigation police often collect data in bulk, and the question addressed concerns whether the bulk data as a whole or only in part may be deemed available for subsequent use. The article suggests that only data exposed to the police in the digital forensic analysis performed as part of the investigation, should be deemed available for subsequent use. Such data are termed digital assessed information and are contrasted to data whose content is not known to the police. The latter should be deleted or made inaccessible for further use once the original case is finalised. The position is anchored in the criminal procedural principles of purpose limitation and purpose orientation, recognised in case-law related to Article 8 European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), further validated in considerations of fairness and coherence with the rules for use of excess information in intercepted communications.

Legal regulation of legal interpretation technique: analysis of perspectives in modern conditions.

The rules of legal interpretation are an integral part of modern legal practice. Legal interpretation plays a direct role in the process of giving meaning to the legal text, which is crucial for determining the effectiveness and feasibility of legislation. The legal interpretation technique ensures consistency, predictability and fairness in making legal decisions. However, the lack of uniformity of methods and techniques of legal interpretation in different legal systems and even among different subjects of official interpretation within the same system can create confusion and unpredictability, which will lead to contradictory and unfair results. This article aims to determine the significance of the rules of the legal technique of interpretation in modern legal practice and the prospects of their legal regulation in Ukraine. The issue states the existence of an agreed scientific position in Ukraine, that the legal technique of interpretation includes principles, methods, rules, methods, technologies, which are used by the subject of interpretation in the implementation of legal interpretation activities. However, legal practice found itself in the conditions of the absence of unified algorithms for the use of techniques and methods of official interpretation objectified in normative sources. It is indicated that the regulation of the technique of interpretation of legislation can also contribute to the protection of human rights and the rule of law by ensuring transparency and accountability in the adoption of legal decisions in the process of interpretation. The author analyzed international experience and various approaches to the normative consolidation of rules and principles of interpretation of legal texts. In addition, the article reveals the content of the newest idea of substantiating interpretive law as a part of legal regulation. According to the author, legal standardization of legal interpretation can be carried out in various ways: as an element of the legal technique of law-making, it is possible to ensure authentic interpretation through the adoption of normative legal acts of the same level, in which the legislator clarifies individual terms, phrases, etc.; by adopting, together with a specific act, the desired methods by which this act should be interpreted (special instructions that take into account the peculiarities of the interpretation of a specific legal text); by adopting general interpretive principles and rules for use in the interpretation of any legal texts or for each of their varieties. Finally, the article substantiates the need to establish priority approaches, general standards and principles of official interpretation of legal texts at the regulatory level, to define the main techniques and methods, to clearly outline the range of subjects of official interpretation and the consequences of legal interpretation activity. Key words: legal interpretation, legal interpretation activity, interpretation technologies, rules of interpretation, legal technique, official interpretation, legal regulation, interpretive law.

Glucose Monitoring Systems - general rules of use and chances in therapy of type 1 diabetes

Introduction: Glycemic control and maintaining it within the desired range are essential for achieving therapeutic goals in patients with type 1 diabetes. Over the years, patients have gained access to advanced glycemic monitoring technologies that have revolutionized self-monitoring methods. These technologies provide data that was previously unavailable to glucometer users. They allow creating new goals to minimize the risk of diabetic complications. Purpose of the work: The goal of this study was to answer the following questions: What additional information do glycemic monitoring systems offer to patients compared to glucometers? How should this information be utilized to make therapeutic decisions? Do these systems lead to improved glycemic management? Materials and Methods: A literature review was made using PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar databases, searching for articles published in English and Polish up to May 2023, focusing on type 1 diabetes and glucose monitoring systems. Summary: The use of glycemic monitoring systems provides additional information compared to relying only on glucometers. Patients equipped with a glucose monitoring system can make more accurate therapeutic decisions based on a larger volume of data. Some continuous glucose monitoring systems offer additional features compatible with personal insulin pumps, preventing or reducing the intensity and duration of hypoglycemia. Patients using glycemic monitoring systems can more frequently achieve therapeutic goals.