Rules For Creation Research Articles

Accelerating materials-space exploration for thermal insulators by mapping materials properties via artificial intelligence

Reliable artificial-intelligence models have the potential to accelerate the discovery of materials with optimal properties for various applications, including superconductivity, catalysis, and thermoelectricity. Advancements in this field are often hindered by the scarcity and quality of available data and the significant effort required to acquire new data. For such applications, reliable surrogate models that help guide materials space exploration using easily accessible materials properties are urgently needed. Here, we present a general, data-driven framework that provides quantitative predictions as well as qualitative rules for steering data creation for all datasets via a combination of symbolic regression and sensitivity analysis. We demonstrate the power of the framework by generating an accurate analytic model for the lattice thermal conductivity using only 75 experimentally measured values. By extracting the most influential material properties from this model, we are then able to hierarchically screen 732 materials and find 80 ultra-insulating materials.

Guidance for creating individual and batch latinized binomial virus species names.

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently adopted, and is gradually implementing, a binomial naming format for virus species. Although full Latinization of these names remains optional, a standardized nomenclature based on Latinized binomials has the advantage of comparability with all other biological taxonomies. As a language without living native speakers, Latin is more culturally neutral than many contemporary languages, and words built from Latin roots are already widely used in the language of science across the world. Conversion of established species names to Latinized binomials or creation of Latinized binomials de novo may seem daunting, but the rules for name creation are straightforward and can be implemented in a formulaic manner. Here, we describe approaches, strategies and steps for creating Latinized binomials for virus species without prior knowledge of Latin. We also discuss a novel approach to the automated generation of large batches of novel genus and species names. Importantly, conversion to a binomial format does not affect virus names, many of which are created from local languages.

Influencing Factors and Improvement Path of Synergistic Value Creation Efficiency of Emerging Enterprises.

The cooperation between emerging enterprises and different enterprises can stimulate innovation enthusiasm and realize synergistic value creation. At present, there is no regular pattern and rules for synergistic value creation among emerging enterprises, which cannot achieve effective synergistic value creation. Based on the complex network relationship and dynamic model of game evolution among multiple entities of value creation within emerging enterprises, the factors that affect the efficiency of synergistic value creation in the aspect of input, benefit assignment, and interaction mechanism of synergistic value creation are analyzed and then the path of the promotion of synergistic value creation among the entities of new enterprises is studied. The results show that the core enterprises play a leading role in the cooperation input among emerging enterprises, and if the balance of interests among cooperative enterprises is guaranteed, the revenue effect is the best, and the network cooperation density is the strongest. The game evolution shows that, in order to improve the efficiency of synergistic value creation, it is necessary to improve the expected coefficient and number of synergies between enterprises and establish a mechanism for equitable distribution of synergies by strengthening information exchange among enterprises in emerging industries, so as to build an atmosphere of synergies, the complementarity of assets and synergies.

Organisation and Maintenance of Library Authority Files in Russia and Abroad

The article provides review of foreign and domestic publications on the problems of creation, development and use of authority files (AF) of names of persons, names of organizations, geographical names and other objects both at the international, national and regional levels. The paper presents analysis of the foreign experience of AF maintenance. The authors note that, due to the availability of universal collections and qualified specialists, AF formation abroad is usually carried out by national libraries. A substantive analysis of foreign publications has shown that national AFs (NAF) are characterized by data variability and diversity of approaches. The authors studied the experience of successful combination of NAF created according to different methods within the framework of the international corporate project — Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). The article notes that most of the Russian libraries do not use AF, since AF, created in republican and regional scientific libraries, as a rule, are not publicly available. At the same time, creation by a separate library of its own AF leads to high labour and material costs, and the formation of a large number of AF leads to the variability of the AFs created for the same objects. The authors conclude that for efficient use of AFs within the country, it is necessary to apply unified methods and rules for creation of authority records. Another way out is the application of the Semantic Web technology, which allows linking AFs created according to different methods. It is necessary to make maximum use of existing dictionaries or create dictionaries based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Resource Description Framework (RDF), RDF Schema (RDFS) and Web Ontology Language (OWL) standards.

My Word! Machine versus Human Computation Methods for Identifying and Resolving Acronyms

Acronyms are commonly used in human language as alternative forms of concepts to increase recognition, to reduce duplicate references to the same concept, and to stress important concepts. There are no standard rules for acronym creation; therefore, both machine-based acronym identification and ac-ronym resolution are highly prone to error. This might be resolved by a human computation approach, which can take advantage of knowledge external to the document collection. Using three text collections with different properties, we compare a machine-based algorithm with a crowdsourcing approach to identify acronyms. We then perform acronym resolution using these two approaches, plus a game-based approach. The crowd and game-based methods outperform the machine algorithm, even when external information is not used. Also, crowd and game formats offered similar performance with a difference in cost.

Exploring stories

AbstractAiming to underline the link between storytelling content and ritual structure and to show how the building of community constitutes the meta-theme of storytelling in general and film narrative in particular, L. A. Alexander explores the notion of symbolic community and provides a detailed account of narrative (film) genres in terms of three parameters–their origin in a basic ritual, the cultural need they address, and the cultural function they fulfill–as well as sets of rules for the successful creation of fictional worlds. Though it does not pay much attention to such important narrational elements as distance, speed, and point of view, Alexander’s exploration sheds decisive light on the foundations, characteristics, and possibilities of fictional worlds represented in (film) narratives.

Extra-virgin olive oil production sustainability in northern Italy: a preliminary study

Purpose – Sustainability of the origin-based production and promotion system of a geographical indication (GI) depends on the remuneration from the market and the local resources reproduction. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability and the development of olive growing and extra-virgin olive oil production in the Emilia Provinces (northern Italy) using the origin-based quality virtuous circle as a conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 11 personal interviews and one focus group with six olive producers were conducted to assess the product potential and the willingness to set up rules for value creation and preservation of local resources. A survey of 100 extra-virgin olive oil consumers was performed to examine the product perception and consumers’ willingness to pay. Findings – The origin-based quality virtuous circle was used as a conceptual framework to deal with the different aspects involved in the development and sustainability of the GI system. The results show that the value creation and preservation process of extra-virgin olive oil production in the Emilia Provinces has good potential, although many problems still exist, such as a lack of technical and agronomic expertise, and the lack of organisation among the producers. These weaknesses should be addressed to enhance the potential for sustainable development of the GI system. Practical implications – The creation of a GI organisation, such as a Consortium, may play a central role in coordinating collective action, such as providing technical assistance, managing the internal rules and controls system along the supply chain, and the marketing and communication strategies. Social implications – The future development of olive production, by reducing the risk of land abandonment, would contribute to landscape protection and improvement of the geological structure of the Emilia hilly areas, which are under serious threat of soil erosion and landslide events. Originality/value – This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the economic and development potential of olive growing and extra-virgin olive oil production in non-specialised areas, using the origin-based quality virtuous circle as a conceptual framework.

Evolutionary Search in the Space of Rules for Creation of New Two-Player Board Games

Games have always been a popular test bed for artificial intelligence techniques. Game developers are always in constant search for techniques that can automatically create computer games minimizing the developer's task. In this work we present an evolutionary strategy based solution towards the automatic generation of two player board games. To guide the evolutionary process towards games, which are entertaining, we propose a set of metrics. These metrics are based upon different theories of entertainment in computer games. This work also compares the entertainment value of the evolved games with the existing popular board based games. Further to verify the entertainment value of the evolved games with the entertainment value of the human user a human user survey is conducted. In addition to the user survey we check the learnability of the evolved games using an artificial neural network based controller. The proposed metrics and the evolutionary process can be employed for generating new and entertaining board games, provided an initial search space is given to the evolutionary algorithm.

"조선동서편목규칙"을 통하여 본 박봉석의 사상

본 연구의 목적은 한국 도서관계의 선구자인 박봉석에 대한 도서관 사상의 조명과 재평가가 이루어지길 바라면서 그가 편찬한 조선동서편목규칙에서 새롭게 정립한 사항과 그 속에 나타난 그의 사상과 정신이 무엇인지를 조명하고자 하는 것이다. 이 목적을 위하여, 조선동서편목규칙의 편찬배경, 구성 및 특성을 조사하였으며, 조선동서편목규칙의 비판과 한국목록규칙의 탄생과 변천사항을 살펴보았다. 박봉석이 한국도서관계를 위하여 일한 시기는 1945년 해방에서 1950년 한국전쟁까지 5년 동안이었으며, 이 기간 동안 한국 도서관계를 위하여 많은 업적을 남겼다. 그래서 그의 업적과 사상을 조명하였다. 이를 토대로 박봉석이 조선동서편목규칙에서 새롭게 정립한 규칙과 그의 사상과 정신을 조명하였다. The purpose of this study is to study Bong Suk Park's thought and spirit in Korean Cataloging Rules for Oriental Books for illumination and revaluation of Bong Suk Park's library philosophy that was a pioneer of Korean library. The study examined a compilation backgrounds, configurations and characteristics of Korean Cataloging Rules for Oriental Books. A criticism of Korean Cataloging Rules for Oriental Books, creation and change process of Korean Cataloging Rules were examined. Though Bong Suk Park was worked from 1945 to 1950 for five years for Korean Library, he made a lot of contributions to Korean library. Based on this, the study examined the Rules, his thoughts and spirit in Korean Cataloging Rules for Oriental Books.

Influence of digital media technologies on the structure and style of online media content

The paper focuses on researching the way in which the appearance of new digital media technologies is influencing changes in the style of the media material placed online and cites rules for creation of the material that is adjusted to digital environment and a changed reader's attention. Material digitalization, its placement in proper form and style, its consumption, as well as the multimedia content management and cost benefit are presented in this document.

CinBalada: a multiagent rhythm factory

CinBalada is a system for automatic creation of polyphonic rhythmic performances by mixing elements from different musical styles. This system is based on agents that act as musicians playing percussion instruments in a drum circle. Each agent has to choose from a database the rhythm pattern of its instrument that satisfies the "rhythmic role" assigned to him in order to produce a collectively-consistent rhythmic performance. A rhythmic role is a concept that we proposed here with the objective of representing culture-specific rules for creation of polyphonic performances.

CinBalada: A multiagent rhythm factory

AbstracCinBalada is a system for automatic creation of polyphonic rhythmic performances by mixing elements from different musical styles. This system is based on agents that act as musicians playing percussion instruments in a drum circle. Each agent has to choose from a database the rhythm pattern of its instrument that satisfies the “rhythmic role” assigned to him in order to produce a collectivelyconsistent rhythmic performance. A rhythmic role is a concept that we proposed here with the objective of representing culture-specific rules for creation of polyphonic performances.

Rescaling Vocational Education: Workforce Development in a Metropolitan Region

This article profiles a vocational charter school located in Atlanta as an institutional model for customized industry training in the high-tech production firms located nearby. Social partnerships with business and industry, parents and educators, and elected officials will be illuminated, exhibiting new forms of neoliberalism that reconstitute the rules for governmental regulation and creation of educational projects. Workforce development policies in metropolitan regions accommodate transnational firms seeking human capital skills and expertise, with ready access to technological infrastructures for networks of telecommunications and transportation, supply and production, innovation and design, research and training. New learning spaces attract global capital in the stiff competition among cities for business relocations.

How We Look at Photographs as Indicated by Contrast Discrimination Performance Versus Contrast Preference

Considering luminance contrast to comprise the building blocks of the photographic language, we aimed to study the connection between viewer's contrast discrimination performance in black-and-white photographs with various contrast reproductions, and their aesthetic appeal. In a previous study we examined the viewer's ability to discriminate contrast increments, applied to discrete regions of the characteristic curves of gray scales versus photographs of Ansel Adams. The photographs belonged to three conceptual categories: portrait, landscape, and architecture. Whereas, contrast discrimination performance in gray scales was very poor in reproductions with altered contrast in the shadows, a significant improvement in performance was observed in the photographs. In the present study subjects performed a contrast preference evaluation task, in which, the reproductions of the photographs were rated for their aesthetic appeal on a five-point scale. The photographs were presented in random order, without indication as to which is the original photograph. Nevertheless, the viewers showed a general preference for photographs with contrast reproductions similar to the original. The results suggest a match between the viewers' and the photographer's preferences. Moreover, the preference decreased systematically with the contrast increment for all reproductions. This tendency seems to be independent of variations in category or spatial configuration. The results are in line with the observed contrast discrimination performance, and also consistent with the anchoring theory and recent propositions of biologically based rules for art creation and appreciation as manifestations of the function of the brain.

The application of an expert system for simulation investigations in the aided design of ship power systems automation

A structure and function of information system for aided design of ship power subsystem automation is presented. More detailed a function of evaluation of design solutions based on simulation investigations is described. Data describing a designed power subsystem is introduced in interactive mode to an expert system, then production rules evaluate correctness to the substance and form of the design. In the case when there are no mistakes, the expert system creates simulation model of designed subsystem and calls program matlab-simulink . After a simulation session the program environment returns to the expert system. In the paper a knowledge representation of designed ship power subsystem, and a choice of component model structures of subsystems, which enable an application of production rules for simulation models creation and design correctness evaluation are shown. Also an algorithm of simulation models creation of designed subsystems and an exemplary session of simulation investigations of ship propeller subsystem are presented.

On object initialization in the Java bytecode

Java is an ideal platform for implementing mobile code systems, not only because of its portability but also because it is designed with security in mind. Untrusted Java programs can be statically analyzed and validated. The program's behavior is then monitored to prevent potentially malicious operations. Static analysis of untrusted classes is carried out by a component of the Java virtual machine called the verifier. The most complex part of the verification process is the dataflow analysis, which is performed on each method in order to ensure type-safety. This paper clarifies in detail one of the tricky aspects of the dataflow analysis: the verification of object initialization. We present and explain the rules that need to be enforced and we then show how verifier implementations can enforce them. Rules for object creation require, among other things, that uninitialized objects never be used before they are initialized. Constructors must properly initialize their this argument before they are allowed to return. This paper also deals with initialization failures (indicated by exceptions): the object being initialized must be discarded, and constructors must propagate initialization failures.

Implementing configuration management policies for distributed applications

The central purpose of this paper is to present a novel framework supporting the specification and the implementation of configuration management policies for distributed applications. The introduced approach is part of a system called PRISMA (A platform for integrated construction and management of distributed applications). It provides an integrated application development environment comprising of a distributed application model, a specification language and several design, implementation and management tools. To reduce management complexity, we introduce a technique which permits the definition of configuration management policies as an integral part of an application specification. A configuration management policy is composed of one or more instantiation rules and termination rules for component creation and termination, and event-driven reconfiguration rules.

Anisotropy in two-photon direct creation of biexcitons in CuBr cubic crystals

The polarization dependence of two-photon absorption is considered in the case of CuBr crystals. Geometrical selection rules for direct creation of Γ 1, Γ 3 and Γ 5 biexcitons are provided. Using the fact that the absorption to Γ 3 and Γ 5 final states exhibits anisotropy with respect to the crystal axes, several geometrical situations for separating experimentally biexciton lines are discussed.

Selection rules for direct creation of biexcitons by giant two-photon absorption

The selection rules for direct creation of biexcitons by two-photon absorption processes are discussed on symmetry basis. A detailed analysis is performed for CuCl and CdS crystals, with the energy levels given by Bassani et al. It is found that only Г biex 1 states can be created by giant two-photon absorption when the photons have the same frequency. The polarization dependence is given for the other cases.

Lattice Absorption in Strontium Titanate

The optical absorption spectrum of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is presented over the energy range 0.05-0.3 eV, well below the fundamental edge. Nine absorption bands are observed. We interpret all but one of them as being due to multiphonon creation processes. The sole exception is a band at 0.068 eV, which we attribute to a single-phonon process. Selection rules for simultaneous creation of either two or three phonons are obtained in dipole approximation, at selected critical points in the Brillouin zone. The observed bands are assigned using these rules together with the experimental phonon dispersion curves of Cowley and other published values for the higher-energy branches obtained at specific points in the zone by other techniques.