Rubella Infection In Women Research Articles

Study the changes in vitamin D3, magnesium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and calcium levels among women positive for SARS-2 n COVID-19 concerning rubella infection

Background: After February 2020, SarsnovelCovid-19 became pandemic; therefore, Iraqi people were implicated in this enigma. Rubella infection in women in Kirkuk Provence as Bad Obstetric History (BOH) was more common. Suspecting co-infection for these two viruses' infections and the changes in the women's body like Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, and other biochemical changes. Aims: this current study was carried on to assess and grant that. Setting: a cross-sectional observational study on 154 women of childbearing age with approved SARS n-covid-19 by real-time PCR was enrolled as a test group. Versus 45 women negative for covid with previous BOH were taken as a control group, and their ages ranged from 15 to 50 years. Methodology: Rubella IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA kits were used for each woman. Vitamin D3, Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ELISA kit also used. For determining serum Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus, routine spectrophotometry biochemical kits were tested. Results: The rate of Rubella infection was 77.92% IgG, contributed to 77.92 % of Rubella IgM versus 72.27 %. Controversy to the following rates 35.56 % and 8.88% of IgG and IgM respectively, P<0.05.

PREVALENCE OF RUBELLA IGG ANTIBODIES AMONG PRODUCTIVE-AGE ‎WOMEN IN AL-MAHWEET GOVERNORATE, YEMEN

Background: Rubella is an infectious viral disease that caused by the Rubella virus. The incidence of rubella infection in women during pregnancy leads to complications for fetus development and cause congenital rubella syndrome or fetal death. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of rubella among reproductive-age women in Al-Mahweet, Yemen. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among females attending healthcare centers and schools from July 2007 to June 2008. Blood samples were collected individually from 270 females aged 15-35 years and the rubella virus IgG antibody was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The needed data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed by statistical program. Results: Overall, 197(73%) had IgG-positive antibody to rubella and 73(27%) had IgG-negative antibody to rubella. The highest rate of anti-rubella IgG was among females aged 15-25 years and the lowest was among the females aged 31-35 years. Similarly, the higher rate was among females living in urban area compared to females from rural area. The statistically significant difference was found between most educational levels and positive results of anti-rubella IgG. With regard to marital status, the most frequent of rubella antibody was 72.3%, 73.1%, and 75.0%, respectively, recorded among single, married, and divorced females. The non-pregnant women had (73.7%) more incidence to rubella IgG antibody than pregnant (66.7%). 82.2% of IgG- positive women had no history of stillbirth and 65% had a history of stillbirth. Conclusions: Most of the enrolled females had immunity against rubella virus, but still a significant percentage were susceptible to rubella infection. Thus, it is essential to introduce of rubella vaccine to control and prevent the rubella virus circulating among the community. Peer Review History: Received 20 July 2020; Revised 11 August; Accepted 22 August, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. (Mrs) Amaka A. Mgbahurike Affiliation: University of PortHarcourt, Nigeria E-mail: amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Name: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi Affiliation: Egyptian Russian University, Egypt E-mail: Tamer_elhabibi@yahoo.com Name: Rawaa S. Al-Kayali Affiliation: Aleppo university, biochemistry and microbiology department, Syria E-mail: Rawah67@hotmail.com Name: Rola jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: rolla.jadallah@aaup.edu Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: THE ASSOCIATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ANTIBODIES WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AMONG YEMENI PATIENTS IN SANA’A CITY SEROPREVALENCE OF ANTI-MANNOSE BINDING LECTIN AUTOANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN SANA'A CITY- YEMEN

Survey on Awareness of Rubella Vaccine among College Girls

Background: The Rubella virus is classified under the Arbovirus. It commonly affects children of age less than 10 years. In an adult, it mostly remains as a latent infection. Its persistence in an adult is more significant in a woman's life especially after adolescence, in the childbearing age. It is a factor commonly associated with infertility in a woman and congenital malformation. Latent infections in women will also lead to abortion. It is recommended by WHO that all women at childbearing age should be given a booster dose before the age of 18. In a country like India, rubella infection in women leads to social and mental issues. Thus the awareness among the girls at the age of 18 is imperative.
 Methods: This survey was conducted among the 100 undergraduate students and postgraduate students at saveetha dental college from December, 2019 to January,2020. They were given a questionnaire to know about the rubella viral infection and the issues related to infertility. The results were collected and then analyzed through SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and the chi-square test was used and the p-value was calculated.
 Results: The survey reveals that many girls are aware of the rubella vaccine but not its benefits in preventing rubella virus infection and its complications. Among them 50% girls have knowledge about the significance of rubella infection in young adults, 22% among them are aware of female infertility is also related to poor rubella immunity, 42% are aware of congenital malformation are common in rubella, 30% girls answered that rubella vaccine at our teenage will prevent infertility issues.
 Conclusion: It is also found that the information they have on the consequence of the persistence of rubella in them is abstract. The real impact on their life is not understood by many. This is evident with their willingness to get immunized at the risky part of their life. This can be mitigated by conducting regular awareness camps in schools, colleges, and their workplace.

Detection of anti-rubella IgM, IgG and Antisperm Antibodies in the Sera of Aborted and Non-Pregnant Women in the Kirkuk City

Approximately 60% of cases of fetal loss from all repeated abortion conditions are unclear or attributed for some reason.This study was carried out in the Al Kirkuk general Hospital, from August to October 2017. A total of 148 females were screened for anti-sperm antibodies and anti-Rubella antibodies of IgM and IgG type by ELISA, 60 females were undergoing previous abortion(30 Pregnant + 30 Non-pregnant), and control group included 30 pregnant females without previous abortion, and 58 married without pregnancy. The results compared with their corresponding data and statistically analyzed, the revealed the following: The majorities 18(41.8%) of study groups with positive anti-rubella IgG were between the age (26-35) years old, while minority 10(7.1%) frequency of study groups with positive anti-rubella IgG were between the age (36-45) years old. The most of seropositive to anti-rubella IgG are from women whose non-pregnant but with previous abortion20(66.6%), Only 1(3.3%) of pregnant women with previous abortion and pregnant but without previous abortion had seropositive to anti-rubella IgM, while 2(6.6%) in non-pregnantwomenbut with previous abortion. Among these 58 cases about 16 cases was revealed elevated anti-sperm antibody ASA (27.6%). Out of 30 aborted 9 cases were high ASA (30.0%) The sero-prevalence of ASA of study groups according to age groups, just 6 cases of non-pregnant married women (37.6%) of study groups with high ASAwere between the age (25-35) years old, while amongaborted married women5(55.6%) frequency of study groups with high concentration were between the age (25-35) years old. Finally concluding that there is a high rate of susceptibility to rubella infection in women with childbearing age in Kirkuk City. Premarital screening for anti-rubella and vaccination of girls could minimize the risk of infection during pregnancy and childbearing period.ASA may be the cause of infertility in female and may be the cause in the increases of the rate of recurrent spontaneous abortion

Pregnant Women in and Around Dhaka City: Are Their Children at Risk of Developing Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

Rubella Virus (RUBV) is a common cause of childhood rash and fever in non-immunized populations, and its public health importance relates to teratogenic effects of primary rubella infection in women with early pregnancy. Infection of the fetus may lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This work aimed to assess the degree of risk associated in acquiring rubella virus infection by the women during pregnancy and developing CRS among their children in Bangladesh. The study population (n=275) included pregnant mothers (15-38years) from various socioeconomic backgrounds attending a women health care based hospital. All subjects were personally interviewed, clinically examined and a standardized questionnaire was filled up for each of them. From each participant 3ml blood was taken and serum was separated. Commercially available ELISA kit was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of IgM and IgG class antibodies against RUBV in collected serum samples. 209 women were found to contain detectable level of antiRUBV IgG antibodies, but did not possess IgM antibodies against rubella. Only 9% participants were vaccinated previously against rubella virus among the whole antenatal population studied. Ninety-two percent of these vaccinated pregnant women contained serum anti-rubella IgG antibody which was significantly (P=0.05) higher than that of the nonvaccinated study population (75%). Pregnant women from lower middle and poor socioeconomic class had significantly (P=0.05) more intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) of fetus than the upper middle class. 20% of the women of child bearing age examined in this work were not yet exposed to RUBV and at risk of acquiring this virus during pregnancy and subsequently transmitting the virus to the fetus. Our work demonstrates rubella attack rate among antenatal population in Bangladesh as 14.5 in 1000 during pregnancy. A proper and reliable vaccination policy against rubella virus is not yet adopted at the national level in many developing countries including Bangladesh. This work identifies the requirement of detailed study for the identification of intrauterine rubella infection and its related influence on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thorough epidemiological studies are also considered necessary prior to the development and acceptance of national immunization program against rubella virus in Bangladesh.

Seroprevalence of rubella antibodies among antenatal patients in the Western Cape.

To determine the seroprevalence of rubella virus infection among antenatal patients aged between 15 and 45 years in the Western Cape province of South Africa, in order to provide data to determine the need for vaccination to protect women of childbearing age. A cross-sectional study. Setting. Virology laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), South Africa. One thousand two hundred provincial serum specimens from participants in the 2003 Department of Health antenatal HIV/syphilis serosurvey were selected from the 4 districts of the Western Cape. The specimens were age-stratified and screened qualitatively for rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by means of a commercial immunoassay during October 2004. Within the Western Cape a total of 95.3% of women in the 15-24-year age group, 97.5% in the 25-34-year group and 98% in the 35-45-year age group were immune to rubella. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of rubella susceptibility between the 4 districts tested. The study is an important step in addressing the seroprevalence of rubella infection in women of childbearing age in South Africa. Further information is needed on rubella seroprevalence from the other provinces in South Africa as well as formal implementation of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome surveillance to determine the feasibility of routine rubella immunisation.

SEROPREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF RUBELLA IN AND AROUND DELHI (1988-2002)

National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) has been engaged in rubella testing for serodiagnosis of the infection and screening for immunity status. The compiled and evaluated data of the work done on rubella testing for the past fifteen years has been presented here to show the trend and changing scenario of the disease in Delhi. Blood samples were from 7424 patients referred to NICD, Delhi for serodiagnosis of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS) in malformed babies, in utero rubella infection in women and immunity status of pregnant women and women with bad obstetric history. They were tested for rubella IgG and/or rubella IgM antibodies using commercially available reagents and kits. The data from the 15 years of testing was then compiled and evaluated. From the available data it was seen that immunity status against rubella in childbearing age group of women increased steadily from 49% in 1988 to 87% in 2002. Reported cases of CRS at NICD are also on the decline over the time period. There is periodic indication of high incidence of rubella in the year 1988; 1991and 1998 as the reported cases of acute rubella infection in childbearing age group is high during these years.

Seroprevalence and incidence of rubella in and around Delhi (1988-2002)

National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) has been engaged in rubella testing for serodiagnosis of the infection and screening for immunity status. The compiled and evaluated data of the work done on rubella testing for the past fifteen years has been presented here to show the trend and changing scenario of the disease in Delhi. Blood samples were from 7424 patients referred to NICD, Delhi for serodiagnosis of congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS) in malformed babies, in utero rubella infection in women and immunity status of pregnant women and women with bad obstetric history. They were tested for rubella IgG and/or rubella IgM antibodies using commercially available reagents and kits. The data from the 15 years of testing was then compiled and evaluated. From the available data it was seen that immunity status against rubella in childbearing age group of women increased steadily from 49% in 1988 to 87% in 2002. Reported cases of CRS at NICD are also on the decline over the time period. There is periodic indication of high incidence of rubella in the year 1988; 1991 and 1998 as the reported cases of acute rubella infection in childbearing age group is high during these years.

Anti-Rubella IgM status in antenatal checkup visiting women

Background: Rubella is a viral infection. Congenital rubella syndrome is the most serious consequences of rubella which has been observed in pregnant women. This study has been done to reveal the association of rubella infection in women. Methods: The serum specimens were collected from women during their regular antenatal check up, in, was included in the study. Specimens were tested at NPHL every week following standard operating protocol of NPHL utilizing Human ELISA (German) kits and reagents. The results of the tests along with the clinical histories collected from the patient on a proforma file carried by the patients were analyzed following standard statistical tools. Results: During the three years study period, 320 serum samples were collected in 2006, 372 in 2007 and 400 in 2008, out of which 38 (11.87%), 72 (19.35%) and 49 (12.25%) of the women visiting NPHL during their antenatal checkup were found positive to anti-rubella IgM antibody respectively, indicating recent infection. Almost above 80% of the positive cases were from age group 20-30 years. Conclusions: The study showed the significant association of recent rubella infection in women which emphasizes requirement of adolescent or adult immunization with rubella vaccine at the earliest. Key words: anti-rubella IgM; congenital rubella syndrome; pregnant women; rubella. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3010 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 76-79