Ru VI Research Articles

Model for Utilizing Corporate Social Responsibility in Improving the Welfare of the Community of Industrial Area in West Java

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of corporate social responsibilty (CSR) in improving people's welfare. The approach used in this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative. The research location is PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU VI in Balongan Indramayu, West Java. Data collection techniques were carried out by survey methods, participatory observations, and in-depth interviews. The survey method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the corporate social responsibilty (CSR) recipient communities, and observation and interviews were conducted to find out the experiences, understandings, and in-depth meanings of the participants' actions. The focus of the research topic is corporate social responsibilty (CSR) and community welfare. The findings reveal two main topics. First, quantitatively corporate social responsibilty (CSR) has a very large influence on improving the welfare of the community receiving CSR funds, so it is necessary to increase the increase in corporate social responsibilty (CSR) provided to the community, as well as the need to expand the scope of the location of the recipient community. Second, qualitatively, corporate social responsibilty (CSR) which is currently being implemented has a positive impact on people's welfare. However, it is necessary to improve other principles of business ethics, namely the principles of honesty, fairness, autonomy in order to create effective business ethics in a common framework. The government needs to support and provide strict supervision of the implementation of corporate social responsibilty (CSR) programs in order to be able to have a positive impact on improving people's welfare.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TO REDUCE COMMUNITY REJECTION OF A COMPANY EXISTENCE: ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ETHICS PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in reducing the impact of community rejection of the company's existence. In addition, this study was also conducted to explore CSR from the perspective of business ethics theory. The research location is the community in the area adjacent to PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU VI in Balongan Indramayu, West Java. The research method used is phenomenological-qualitative by investigating the experiences of the participants in depth. The focus of the research topics are CSR, rejection reduction, and business ethics. The findings reveal that Pertamina already has two flagship CSR programs that are currently being implemented and have had a positive impact on reducing public resistance to the company's existence. Through these CSR programs, Pertamina and the community within the company work together to achieve the success of the program. Thus, the company's commitment to CSR practices has reduced the impact of community rejection of the company. Interestingly, the local government also actively participates in the program. Unfortunately, the fire incident is contrary to Pertamina's commitment to pay attention to environmental impacts and the principle of honesty. And this is a serious concern considering the possible negative impacts it can cause. Second, viewed from the perspective of business ethics, Pertamina has implemented one of the principles of business ethics. Pertamina has built the values ​​of good business behavior. It's just that in the future it is necessary to improve other principles of business ethics, namely the principles of honesty, fairness, autonomy in order to create effective business ethics.

ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium-oxo and -Tosylimido Porphyrin Complexes for Epoxidation and Aziridination of Alkenes

Dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrins including those containing chiral porphyrinato ligands can be readily prepared by oxidation of (Ru II (Por)(CO)(MeOH)) with PhIO or meta- chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Similar reactions with PhINTs gave (Ru VI (Por)(NTs)2) isolated as air stable solids at room temperature. The (Ru VI (Por)O2) complexes are competent oxidants for epoxidation of alkenes with high selectivities. Enantioselective epoxidation of alkenes giving the corresponding organic epoxides with moderate to good enantioselectivites have also been achieved using chiral (Ru VI (D4-Por*)O2 )( D4-H2Por* o 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(1S,4R,5R,8S- 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanoanthracen-9-yl)porphyrin) and (Ru VI (D2-Por*)O2) complexes. The mechanism of alkene epoxidation by (Ru VI (Por)O2) has been examined. Procedures for catalytic epoxidation of alkenes using ruthenium porphyrin catalysts has also been developed. (Ru VI (Por)(NTs)2) was found to undergo aziridination of alkenes and amidation

Characteristics of Mononuclear Ruthenium–Oxo Complexes Adjusted by Axial Ligand for the Catalysis of Oxygen-Transfer Reactions

Ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(babp)(dmso)L], consisting of tetradentate square-planar ligand (babp = 6,6′-bis(benzoylamino)-2,2′-bipyridinato) and two monodentate axial ones, DMSO and L (L = dmso or...

Active testing of ruthenium porphyrins as mimic of enzyme

Three ruthenium(Ⅱ) porphyrin complexes [Ru Ⅱ(4-Cl-TPP)(CO)](1),[Ru Ⅱ(4-MeO-TPP)(CO)](2), [Ru Ⅱ(3,4,5-MeO-TPP)(CO)](3) and three ruthenium(Ⅵ) porphyrin complexes[Ru Ⅵ(4-Cl-TPP)(O) 2](4), [Ru Ⅵ(4-MeO-TPP)(O) 2 ](5),[Ru Ⅵ(3,4,5-MeO-TPP)(O) 2](6) were synthesized and their biological activities as bifunctional mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were tested. Their catalytic effects on depleting O -· 2 and decomposing H 2O 2 have been measured by riboflavin-methionine photoreduction method and spectrophotometry method respectively. The antioxidative activities of them were also studied, and the results showed these porphyrin complexes can indeed restraint the lipid peroxidation. The possible mechanism of ruthenium porphyrins catalyzing dismutation of superoxide radical and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was put forward. In addition, the catalytic effects of different functional groups on the porphyrin rings were discussed.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of styrene by a high valent ruthenium porphyrin cation radical

Abstract A sterically-hindered carbonylruthenium(II) porphyrin Ru II (CO)(TMP) (where TMP= meso -tetramesitylporphyrinato dianion) has been synthesized. Chemical oxidation of Ru II (CO)(TMP) by m -chloroperbenzoic acid ( m -CPBA) gives the dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrin (Ru VI (O) 2 TMP). Cyclic voltammograms show that Ru VI (O) 2 TMP is reversibly oxidized at E 1/2 =+1.24 V in CH 2 Cl 2 . Thin-layer absorption spectra for oxidation of Ru VI (O) 2 TMP at +1.32 V indicates that the product is a porphyrin cation radical (Ru VI (O) 2 TMP + ). Electrogenerated Ru VI (O) 2 TMP + reacts selectively with styrene to give phenylacetaldehyde (96%) and benzaldehyde (4%). We report the first case of styrene oxidation by high valent ruthenium porphyrin under electrochemical conditions. An electrocatalytic oxidation reaction scheme is proposed.

Ruthenium-oxo and -tosylimido porphyrin complexes for epoxidation and aziridination of alkenes

Abstract

Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and diols using polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium. Effect of the redox potential on selectivity

1-pentanol, 1-4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and phthalic alcohol were oxidized electrocatalytically by polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium in aqueous media. [Ru II(tpy)(bpy)(OH 2)] 2+, [Ru II(bpy) 2py(OH 2)] 2+ (py=pyridine), [Ru II(tpy)(phen)(OH 2)] 2+ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline), cis-[Ru II(bpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 2+, trans-[Ru II(bpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 2+ and trans-[Ru VI(trpy)(O) 2(OH 2)] 2+ were the studied complexes. A relationship between redox potential ( E 1/2) of the complexes and reactivity was established.

Mechanistic aspects of the oxidation of phosphines and related substrates by trans-Ru VI(TMP)(O) 2; TMP = dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetramesitylporphyrin

The stoichiometric oxidations of some P( p-X-C 6H 4) 3 compounds (X = OMe, Me, H, F, Cl and CF 3), AsPh 3 and SbPh 3 by trans-Ru VI(TMP)(O) 2 ( 1) in benzene solution generate the corresponding oxides and Ru II(TMP)(L) species (L = P( p-X-C 6H 4) 3, AsPh 3, SbPh 3). Stopped-flow kinetic data are consistent with a mechanism involving formation (within a k 1 step) of Ru IV(TMP)(O)(OL) which then reversibly dissociates the OL ligand to generate Ru IV(TMP)(O); this disproportionates to Ru VI(TMP)(O) 2 and Ru II(TMP), which forms Ru II(TMP)(L). ΔH ‡ 1 values for the phosphine systems vary from 18 to 21 kJ mol −1, increasing with decreasing electron density at the phosphorus, while ΔS ‡ 1 values become more favorable (−94 to −78 J mol −1 K −1) with increasing molecular mass of the substituent. Preliminary kinetic data on the O 2-oxidations of the substrates catalyzed by ( 1) under 1 atm of air are presented.

Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of a bis(trimethylsiloxy)ruthenium(iii) complex

Treatment of the cis-dioxoruthenium(VI) complex, cis-[Ru VI(L)O 2](PF 6) 2 (L = N,N,N′,N′-3,6-hexamethyl-3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diamine) with tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)amine in benzene at room temperature resulted in the formation of cis-[Ru III(L) (OSiMe 3) 2](PF 6) ( 1), which was characterized by X-ray diffraction crystal analysis.

Kinetics and mechanism of the reduction of trans-dioxoruthenium(VI) by iron(II)

The kinetics of the reduction of trans-[Ru(TMC)(O) 2] 2+ (TMC=1, 4,8,11-tetramethyl-l,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)has been studied in aqueous acidic solution. The reaction has the following stoichiometry: trans-[Ru VI(TMC)(O) 2] 2+ +2Fe 2++2H+→ trans-[Ru IV(TMC)O(OH 2)] 2++ 2Fe 3+. The rate law is −d[Ru(VI)]/d t= k 2[Ru(VI)][Fe 2+] with k 2=27.4 M −1s −1 at 25.0°C and 1.0 M ionic strength, and Δ H‡=1.3±0.3 kJ mol −1, Δ S‡=−(210±20) J mol −1 K −1. A mechanism that is consistent with the rate data is [Ru VI(TMC)(O) 2] 2+ +Fe 2+∡[Ru V(TMC)(O 2)] ++Fe 3+, followed by [Ru V(TMC)(O 2)] + +Fe 2++2H +→[Ru IV(TMC)O(OH 2)] 2++Fe 3+ (fast). Using the Marcus cross relation the rate constant for the outer-sphere electron transfer between Ru(VI) and Fe 2+ is calculated to be 10 M −1 s −1, which compares favorably with the experimental value. However the low Δ H‡ and the large negative Δ S‡ is more consistent with an inner sphere mechanism.

Synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of a cis-diaquo-ruthenium(II) complex with 6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine

The syntheses of cis-[Ru II(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(OH 2) 2(ClO 4) 2, cis-[Ru VI(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2]O) 2]ClO 4) 2 and cis-[Ru II(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(CH 3CN) 2](ClO 4) 2·H 2O complexes are described. In 0.1 M CF 3COOH, cis-[Ru II (6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 2+ exhibits two quasi-reversible, two-electron couples at 0.93 and 1.17 V vs. SCE assignable to the cis-[Ru VI(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(O)(OH 2)] 2+/ cis-[Ru II(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 2+ and the cis-[Ru VI(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(O) 2] 2+/ cis- [Ru VI(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(O)(OH 2)] 2+ couples, respectively. The formal potentials of both couples shift to more negative values by 60 mV per unit pH change as the pH of the medium is raised. cis-[Ru VI (6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(O) 2)] 2+ generated electrochemically is an active catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols, tetrahydrofuran, dextrose and chloride. Incorporation of cis-[Ru II(6,6'-Cl 2bpy) 2(OH 2) 2] 2+ into Nafion ® films on the electrodes produces electrodes at which the rate of oxidation of organic substrates and chloride ion is enhanced.

Trans-Dioxo-bis(dimethylglyoximato)ruthenium(VII) perchlorate: an active oxidation catalyst for the electrochemical epoxidation of olefins

High-valent metal-oxo complexes of the composition [Ru VI(H-dmg) 2− (H 2O)(H)] 2+ [Ru VII(H 2-dmg) 2(OH)(O) 4+ where dmg = dimethylglyoximato are formed in situ by the electrochemical oxidation of [Ru III(H-dmg) 2− (C1O 4) 2] − in the pH range 1 – 2 and [Ru VI(H-dmg) 2(H 2O)(O)] 2+ and [Ru VII-(H-dmg) 2(O) 2] + in the pH range 2–3.5. These intermediates act as catalysts in the electrocatalytic epoxidation of cyclohexene and cyclooctene to the corresponding epoxides.

Notes. Oxo transfer reactions. Mechanistic studies on the oxidation of triphenylphosphine by trans-[ Ru VI L(O)2]2+(L = 1,4,8,11 -tetramethyl- 1,4,8,11 -tetra-azacyclotetradecane)

The mechanism for the oxidation of PPh3 to OPPh3 by trans-[ RuVIL(O)2]2+(L = 1,4,8,11- tetramethyl- 1,4,8,11 -tetra-azacyclotetradecane) in CH3CN was studied from 280 to 299 K. The rate law for the reaction is d [RuVI]/dt =k2[PPh3][RuVI]. At 299 K, k2, is (1.28 ± 0.1)× 102 dm3 mol–1 s–1. The ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ values are (8.7 ± 0.8) kcal mol–1 and –20 ± 2 cal K–1 mol–1 respectively. A direct comparison between the reactivities of trans-[RuVI(O)2]2+ and [RuIV(bipy)2(py)(O)]2+(bipy = 2,2′- bipyridine; py = pyridine) towards the oxidation of PPh3 shows the ruthenium(IV) complex to react 1 000 times faster.

Effects of electrode surface pretreatments on the electrochemistry of a macrocyclic dioxoruthenium(VI) complex

The reductive electrochemistry of trans-[Ru VI(TMC)(O) 2] 2+ (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) follows different courses in aprotic and aqueous media. In acetonitrile, a one-electron reduction to trans-[Ru V(TMC)(O) 2] + occurs. In aqueous acid trans-[Ru IV(TMC)O(OH 2)] 2+ is formed in a single, two-electron, two-proton step. [Ru V(TMC)(O) 2] + disproportionates to [Ru VI(TMC)(O) 2] 2+ and [Ru IV(TMC)O(OH 2)] 2+ in the presence of acid. The oxidation of [Ru IV(TMC)O(OH 2)] 2+ in aqueous acid is facile at pyrolytic graphite and oxidatively “activated” glassy carbon electrodes but hindered at unactivated glassy carbon, platinum and gold electrodes. Slow proton transfer is identified as the origin of the slow oxidation and oxygen-containing groups on “activated” electrodes are suggested as the catalysts for this step.