Row Of Piles Research Articles

A study of pile row barriers close to the retaining wall of a deep excavation to protect existing tunnels: physical testing and a case history

A study of pile row barriers close to the retaining wall of a deep excavation to protect existing tunnels: physical testing and a case history

Analysis of a New Normative Approach to Calculating Ice Loads Applied on Pile Rows

Analysis of a New Normative Approach to Calculating Ice Loads Applied on Pile Rows

Dynamic Analysis of Force Redistribution in Small Pile Groups Foundation Subjected to Accidental Lateral Loads

Abstract Designing infrastructure always involves considering potential loads. Beyond anticipated loads, accidental ones can occur, as with the Pedamaran II bridge in Riau, where a ship collision damaged its foundation, breaking a pile and cracking the pile cap. However, this did not lead to structural failure, even though over 30% of the piles in the group were damaged. Initial hypotheses suggest that the use of bracing in the existing bridge might have helped redistribute forces. A numerical model was created using Opensees to simulate lateral loading on the shaft of an elevated pile cap, comparing the effects of bracing and no bracing using elastic elements in a simple 2x2 foundation model. The aim was to understand the correct modeling approach for bracing behavior and its impact on load response. Pushover analysis was performed on one of the shafts, with eccentric loading generating forces in both the x and y axes. Results showed that modeling bracing with elastic elements helped evenly distribute forces across rows of piles, with the greatest distribution occurring in the loaded row. The maximum moment occurred at the lowest bracing connection, highlighting the crucial role of bracing in load distribution, and significantly increasing lateral capacity by about 60%.

A Transparent Soil Experiment to Investigate the Influence of Arrangement and Connecting Beams on the Pile-Soil Interaction of Micropile Groups.

The use of a micropile group is an effective method for small and medium-sized slope management. However, there is limited research on the pile-soil interaction mechanism of micropile groups. Based on transparent soil and PIV technology, a test platform for the lateral load testing of slopes was constructed, and eight groups of transparent soil slope model experiments were performed. The changes in soil pressure and pile top displacement at the top of the piles during lateral loading were obtained. We scanned and photographed the slope, and obtained the deformation characteristics of the soil interior based on particle image velocimetry. A three-dimensional reconstruction program was developed to generate the displacement isosurface behind the pile. The impacts of various arrangement patterns and connecting beams on the deformation attributes and pile-soil interaction mechanism were explored, and the pile-soil interaction model of group piles was summarized. The results show that the front piles in a staggered arrangement bore more lateral thrust, and the distribution of soil pressure on each row of piles was more uniform. The connecting beams enhanced the overall stiffness of the pile group, reduced pile displacement, facilitated coordinated deformation of the pile group, and enhanced the anti-sliding effect of the pile-soil composite structure.

Earth Pressure Reduction and Transmission Between Rows of Portal Anti-Slide Piles

Earth Pressure Reduction and Transmission Between Rows of Portal Anti-Slide Piles

Uncoupled analysis of piles stabilized transmission tower slopes

It is a common engineering practice to adopt piles to improve the stability of potentially unstable slopes. In this paper, parametric analysis of a homogeneous transmission tower slope stabilized with a row of small diameter steel piles is conducted using an uncoupled numerical method in which the pile response and slope stability are considered separately. The transmission tower slope stability is analyzed using the limit equilibrium solutions, and the stabilizing pile-soil system is modeled as a simple beam on subgrade reaction foundation. Attempts have been made to study the effect of soil property, slope geometry, pile property, pile spacing and pile position on the safety factor of the transmission tower slope stabilized with small diameter steel piles. The study shows that they have a combined effect on the performance of small diameter steel piles to stabilize transmission tower slopes.

Propagation attenuation of elastic waves in multi-row infinitely periodic pile barriers: A closed-form analytical solution

Periodically arranged media exhibit attenuation zones for elastic waves, and the related periodic structures play a crucial role in the design of seismic isolation and vibration mitigation. From the perspective of wave theory, this paper presents a closed-form analytical solution for the propagation attenuation of elastic waves through infinitely periodic, multi-row pile barriers. The innovative approach begins by deriving the extended Graf’s addition theorem to transform wave potentials across arbitrary coordinate systems, overcoming the constraints of traditional formulas that limit pile centers to linear configurations. Subsequently, it completes the wave function expansion by utilizing the phase differences in the frequency domain of wave fields around different periodic elements, thus skillfully integrating the effects of incident and scattered wave fields. For the first time, this study delivers exact expressions for the scattering of various types of plane waves (SH, SV, and P) by multi-row pile barriers with an infinite periodic array, addressing the complexities of large pile numbers in previous theoretical studies. The proposed solution increases computational efficiency by tens of times and markedly reduces the majority of resource usage, improving the analysis of complex vibration isolation systems involving numerous piles. Building on the accuracy verification and convergence analysis, several numerical examples are conducted to explore the effects of pile row, pile spacing, and pile arrangement on the propagation attenuation. The findings elucidate the mechanisms driving vibration reduction design using periodic wave barrier, furthering its application in engineering structures.

Numerical Simulation of Double Row Piles Prestressed Anchor Cable Support Based on ABAQUS

With the development of urban construction, there are more and more high-rise buildings, and excavation support methods have emerged. Traditional support methods have the drawbacks of a small range of safety factors and high economic requirements. Based on this, this article proposes a new type of support method using double row piles and prestressed anchor cables, and establishes a numerical model using ABAQUS software. The results indicate that: (1) As the excavation depth increases, the horizontal displacement of the foundation ditch continues to increase, and the displacement of the piles also continues to increase. (2) After soil excavation, there is a bottom bulge phenomenon at the bottom of the foundation ditch, and the piles move upwards, causing the soil around the foundation ditch to decrease.

Observed Characterization of Multi‑level Retaining Structure for Deep Excavation of Subway Station

Traditional support structures cannot meet the complex conditions of different excavation depths and areas in underground transportation hubs. On the basis of fully considering the spatial position relationship of foundation pit groups, this article proposes a multilevel retaining system that meets the requirements of multilevel foundation pit excavation. The evolution law of the support structure during the excavation process of the inner pit was explored using on-site monitoring and numerical simulation methods. The results indicate that the excavation of the inner pit reduces the passive earth pressure, and the deformation of the outer support structure can be effectively suppressed by setting a retaining structure or a bottom slab in the bench zone. The excavation of the inner pit causes significant vertical deformation of the support structure adjacent to the foundation pit, while the impact on the structure far away from the foundation pit is relatively small. According to the contact force chain and soil pressure between the two rows of support structure, the soil in this area is divided into a “relaxation zone” and a “compression zone.” The evolution mechanism of earth pressure in the case of mutual-effect failure between two rows of piles is revealed. This paper addresses the deformation properties of multilevel support structures as well as the mechanism of earth pressure evolution between structures.

Study on the Influence of the Performance Weakening of the Disconnectable Coupling (DC) Joint of Steel Support on the Retaining Structure of a Foundation Pit

In order to quantitatively study the influence of the weakening of the disconnectable coupling joint (DC joint) on the retaining structure, the pre-axial force retention performance of the steel support, the axial force of the steel support, the horizontal displacement of the diaphragm wall, and the ground settlement around the foundation pit were monitored during the construction of the foundation pit. The evolution process of the monitoring data was analyzed, and the corresponding numerical model verified by the monitoring data was established. The influence of the yield load of the DC joint, the initial compression stiffness, and the weakening of the pre-axial force on the stability of the retaining structure was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the pre-axial force of steel support is only 67% of the design value when the soil below is not excavated within 24 h. The DC joint has a significant weakening effect on the steel support, which is unfavorable for the stability control of the foundation pit retaining structure. The pre-axial force and initial bending stiffness have a great influence on the stability of the retaining structure. When the yield load is not lower than that of the row piles, the DC joint has no effect on the stability of the retaining structure. This model can predict and analyze the deformation trend under different working conditions to a certain extent, providing certain reference value for safety plans during construction.

Screening effect of pile rows for ground vibration induced by moving loads

This study aims to predict the screening efficiency of pile rows in transversely isotropic (TI) saturated soils for ground vibrations subjected to moving loads. First, based on the fundamental solutions of TI saturated media, the boundary element method (BEM) was adopted to derive the force-deformation equation of the soil-pile boundary. The finite element method (FEM) was then applied to establish the stiffness matrix equation of the Euler-based pile rows. Subsequently, by coupling the BEM and FEM equations, the screening efficiency of the pile rows was developed according to the barrier isolation theory. The proposed approach was validated using published numerical results. Finally, the effect of soil stratification on the screening effect of pile rows in TI saturated soils was investigated.

Analysis of Covered Pile on Multi-row Pile Quay

The multi-row pile quay wall is an innovative permanent structure comprising multiple piles, relieving slabs, flood control walls, and backfill sand. Although it additionally serves as a functional wharf, the research on multi-row pile quay walls remains insufficient. Considering the Changxing harbor Pool as a case study, this research develops a multi-row pile quay wall structure using the three-dimensional finite element software PLAXIS 3D. We investigated the effects of covered piles, pile row spacing, spacing between covered piles, and the stiffness of the front pile on the internal force and deformation of the structure. The findings indicated that the presence of the covered piles results in minimal overall displacement of the multi-row pile quay wall and reduces the bending moment in the front pile. Considering the site conditions and project costs, the sensitivity of different parameters to the retaining effect was evaluated in the order of the stiffness of the front pile > pile row spacing > spacing between the covered piles. Building on this, an optimized design scheme is proposed to reduce the bending moment in the front pile by 50% compared to the original scheme, thereby offering valuable insights for future engineering projects.

In Situ Test and Numerical Analysis of the Subway-Induced Vibration Influence in Historical and Cultural Reserves.

Although the rapid expansion of urban rail transit offers convenience to citizens, the issue of subway vibration cannot be overlooked. This study investigates the spatial distribution characteristics of vibration in the Fayuan Temple historic and cultural reserve. It involves using a V001 magnetoelectric acceleration sensor capable of monitoring low amplitudes with a sensitivity of 0.298 V/(m/s2), a measuring range of up to 20 m/s2, and a frequency range span from 0.5 to 100 Hz for in situ testing, analyzing the law of vibration propagation in this area, evaluating the impact on buildings, and determining the vibration reduction scheme. The reserve is divided into three zones based on the vertical vibration level measured during the in situ test as follows: severely excessive, generally excessive, and non-excessive vibration. Furthermore, the research develops a dynamic coupling model of vehicle-track-tunnel-stratum-structure to verify the damping effect of the wire spring floating plate track and periodic pile row. It compares the characteristics of three vibration reduction schemes, namely, internal vibration reduction reconstruction, periodic pile row, and anti-vibration reinforcement or reconstruction of buildings, proposing a comprehensive solution. Considering the construction conditions, difficulty, cost, and other factors, a periodic pile row is recommended as the primary treatment measure. If necessary, anti-vibration reinforcement or reconstruction of buildings can serve as supplemental measures.

Pseudo-static analysis of 3D unsaturated bench slopes stabilized by multiple rows of piles

Bench slopes incorporated with multiple rows of anti-slide piles remain an effective technique in landslide disaster preventions and are widely employed in the design of new subgrades and embankments. To provide more realistic results for engineering guidance, the three-dimensional (3D) effect and suction in soils require explicit considerations. Employing the upper bound limit analysis method, a 3D limit analysis of bench slopes stabilized by multiple rows of piles is performed in this paper. The upper bound solutions of several illustrative slopes are optimized and compared with the published ones, indicating the validity of the optimization program and the proposed method. A series of parameter analyses are conducted regarding the roles of suction and anti-slide piles in slope safety assessments. The results show that the suction effect and pile reinforcement increase continually as the pile location increases and the influence of bench width can be ignored. The stability of bench slopes stabilized by multiple rows of piles differ with that of slopes stabilized by single row of piles dramatically. The maximum pile reinforcement reaches 70% for sandy soil slopes but only 30% for clayey soil slopes. The influences of surcharge load and seismic load on the pile reinforcement can nearly be neglected.

Axial live load distribution among single row of piles of integral bridges

This study investigates the axial live load distribution among steel H-piles in single-span integral bridges. To achieve this, two- and three-dimensional finite-element models for various integral bridges are conducted and analysed using the structural analysis software SAP2000, to determine the maximum axial loads in steel H-piles within two- and three-dimensional models. Subsequently, axial live load distribution factors from the ratio of axial loads calculated from these models are derived. The parametric study reveals that girder spacing and pile spacing exert notable influences on the axial live load distribution among the steel H-piles in integral bridges. Then, non-linear regression analysis is employed to formulate practical equations as functions of these two parameters. These equations can effectively calculate the live load distribution factors for the piles in integral bridges. To validate the accuracy of the live load distribution factors calculated from the proposed formulae, a comparative analysis is performed with results obtained from structural analysis. The standard deviations of the ratios between these two results are found to be a mere 2%. This clearly demonstrates that the developed formulae yield highly precise estimates of axial live load effects in integral bridge piles.

ANALYSIS OF CONFIGURATION OF PILE GROUP ON SUPPORTING CAPACITY AND PILE EFFICIENCY IN TANJUNG BALAI FLAT CONSTRUCTION

In the TanjungBalai Flats creation project, the inspiration used is a mini pile basis with a set pile device. The organization pile device on the inspiration withinside the creation of this flat is deliberate to have a exclusive wide variety of piles, particularly piles, 3 piles, 4 piles. Therefore, on this look at diverse pile configurations might be completed with the aid of using modelling exclusive configurations with the equal wide variety of piles as the development of this flat. Furthermore, the sporting ability and performance values might be as compared that is the first-class value. Calculations on this look at had been the usage of the direct method (Direct One) and the pile performance component for the evaluation of the pile bearing ability. The calculation is accomplished primarily based totally at the soil statistics received withinside the shape of sondir statistics. The significance of the pile performance value (Eg) in a pile organization is encouraged with the aid of using the pile arrangement, the wide variety of rows, the wide variety of piles in a single row, and the pile distance inclusive of the three pile configuration of the project (V3) has an performance value (Eg) = 0,817 and (Qg) = 205.27 whilst the evaluation of the layout pile (V3-1) has an performance value (Eg) = 0.861 and (Qg) = 216.32. From the calculation effects it could be concluded that the affect of organization pile configuration at the pile bearing ability is encouraged with the aid of using the significance of the pile performance (Eg), the more the pile performance, the more the sporting ability.

Study on Optimal Pile Length in Load Section of Double-Row Buried Pile under Overtopping Failure Mode

An anti-slide pile is a common landslide control measure. Compared with the full-length pile whose top extends to the ground, the buried pile is more optimal in internal force distribution, saves material and has remarkable economic benefits. At present, there is a lack of in-depth theoretical analysis on the pile length of the load section of double-row buried piles. In order to establish the design calculation method of pile length in the load section of double row buried piles, this paper is based on the failure mode of overtopping. The design equation of load section pile length is obtained by using the transfer coefficient and limit equilibrium method. Taking a landslide in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, China, as an example, the reliability and economics of double-row buried piles are verified by comparing the treatment effects of single-row, double-row and double-row buried piles, and the engineering design is completed. The results show that the landslide control project using the design calculation method can meet the requirements of slope stability and at the same time save a quarter of the material compared with the double row of full-length piles. The engineering example proves the rationality and practicability of the design method and provides engineering reference value for the use of the double-row buried anti-slide pile structure in large-scale landslide treatment.

Numerical Investigation of Flow and Scour around Complex Bridge Piers in Wind–Wave–Current Conditions

A sea-crossing bridge is typically constructed in a marine environment with complex piers, and is susceptible to severe scour at the foundation. This study presents a numerical investigation on flow and scour around a complex pier, specifically focusing on a real-world sea-crossing bridge in China. A comprehensive CFD model incorporating hydrodynamic, free surface, sediment transport, and morphological models is employed for numerical modeling. Additionally, a wind shear stress model is considered to accurately simulate wind generation. The validation of the CFD model is achieved through comparison with experimental data of scour around a cylinder, demonstrating its capability to accurately replicate scour morphology and the temporal evolution of scour depth. Subsequently, the validated model is utilized for full-scale simulation of scour around the complex bridge pier under different wind, wave, and current conditions. The results indicate that compared to single piers with uniform cross-sectional shapes, flow patterns around complex piers are much more complicated. Scour predominantly occurs around the first row of group piles, while downstream piles experience less scour due to the sheltering effect from upstream piles. Furthermore, it becomes evident that the current exerts greater influence on pier scour than waves and wind, while the latter two factors primarily influence the superstructure of the bridge.

Method for Controlling Full-Frequency Band Environment Vibration by Coordinating Metro Vibration Sources and Propagation Paths

Floating slab tracks (FSTs) are used to reduce the impact of vibration on precision instruments and historical relics along metro lines; however, ground vibration is universally amplified at the natural frequency of the tracks. In this study, a full-frequency control method that considers frequency matching for environmental vibrations, in combination with metro vibration sources and propagation paths, was developed based on the bandgap theory of the periodic structure. The effectiveness of this method was analysed by establishing a three-dimensional metro train–FST coupled model and a finite element analysis model of track bed–tunnel–soil–row piles. The results show that ground vibration can be reduced by approximately 3–5 dB at the natural frequency of the FST by adjusting the bandgap range of the periodic piles to 7–9 Hz, eliminating the adverse effect of vibration amplification at the natural frequency of the FSTs. The proposed control method shows good vibration control effects and can effectively minimise ground vibration in the full-frequency range.

Sensitivity analysis of counterweight double-row pile deformation to weak stratum parameters

In order to investigate the sensitivity of weak soil parameters on the deformation of balanced double-row piles, a case study was conducted in a deep foundation pit project in Shenzhen City. A variety of analysis methods, including numerical simulation, field measurements, orthogonal experiments, and theoretical analysis, were employed to analyze the impact of three weak soil parameters on the deformation of balanced double-row piles. The research results showed that the deformation of the front and back rows of piles exhibited overturning deformation, gradually decreasing with depth and reaching the maximum at the pile top due to the constraint effect of the balance platform. The numerical simulation results of horizontal displacements for the front and rear piles were in good agreement with the field measurements, confirming the accuracy and reasonableness of the numerical analysis model and parameter selection. Through a series of orthogonal numerical simulation experiments, it was determined that the cohesive strength (C) of soft layers, such as rockfill and silt, is a key factor, the internal friction angle (φ) is an important influencing factor, and the elastic modulus (E) is a general influencing factor. Theoretical analysis was employed to establish the relationship curve between each parameter and the maximum pile deformation, as well as the sensitivity factors, further verifying the impact of these weak soil parameters. The research findings presented in this paper can provide valuable guidance for geotechnical engineers when selecting geological parameters for similar deep excavation projects.