Route Signs Research Articles

Perancangan Jalur Evakuasi Kebakaran PT. PCC dengan Metode Algoritma Dijkstra

Fires can occur at any time, therefore a mechanism is needed to evacuate the building in the event of a disaster. Generally, public facilities provide instructions and evacuation routes for exiting the building. PT. PCC has its headquarters in Australia. As for PT. PCC also opened a new factory located in Gresik Regency, East Java. The new factory does not yet have adequate fire evacuation routes. Even though inside the building there are materials and equipment that are flammable. Based on this, this research aims to design fire evacuation routes in PT buildings. PCC Gresik. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The method that the author applies is the Djikstra Algorithm to determine the shortest proposed route. The design of the evacuation route has 2 gathering points, namely at the front and back. There are 22 evacuation route signs, 6 exit signs, 2 gathering point signs, 2 emergency telephone signs and 10 Light Fire Extinguisher (APAR) signs. Evacuation route signs, exit signs and Light Fire Extinguisher (APAR) signs are planned to be installed on the walls. Assembly point signs and emergency telephone signs are installed on poles.

ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM PRO-BEBAYA DI KOTA SAMARINDA PASCA PILKADA 2024

This study aims to describe and analyze the safety behavior of residents towards emergency disaster mitigation efforts around the Samarinda Fuel Terminal. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method. The population is all heads of families in the RT 27 area of Teluk Lerong Ulu Village as many as 44 people and all of them are used as research samples (total sampling). Data collection was carried out on June 1-20 2023 by direct interview method using a questionnaire with a closed list of questions. The results of the study obtained information that most residents stated the importance of installing evacuation routes in disaster-prone environments such as fire hazards, residents stated that evacuation route signs should be installed using materials that are not flammable and not easily damaged and are willing to take part in disaster simulation activities and maintain Evacuation sign facilities that have been installed at this time.

Efforts to Increase the Capacity of Sukorejo Village, Semarang City Community in Facing Landslide Disasters Through the Preparation of Evacuation Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

This study identified the problem of landslide disasters that often occur in Sukorejo Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. Sukorejo village belongs to the high ground movement zone which has a high degree of vulnerability to soil movement. The purpose of the study was to determine efforts to increase the capacity of the community in facing landslide disasters through the preparation of evacuation standard operating procedures (SOPs). The data collection of this study used interview, observation, documentation, and geographic information systems (GIS) methods. Data analysis is carried out with the approach of spatial analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the preparation of evacuation SOPs is very important to increase the capacity of the community during landslide emergency response. The recommendations given are the need to add an Early Warning System (EWS) tool, install evacuation route signs, and gathering points in landslide-prone areas. In addition, the community also needs to increase awareness and preparedness in the face of possible landslides. This research contributes to improving understanding of landslide disaster mitigation efforts and can be followed up by assessing community capacity and evaluating future evacuation SOPs.

Evaluation of Fire Protection System Implementation in A Production Area of Oil and Gas Company, East Java

The oil and gas industry is an industry with a high risk of fire. This is because this industry involves several types of substances that cause pressure and have the potential to cause leaks and spills. Industry's inability to detect these conditions can cause fires. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of fire protection systems in the industry. This research was conducted using a checklist method for fulfilling requirements according to appropriate regulations. The results of this assessment show that the company has fulfilled regulations in accordance with each system with a percentage above 75%. Some suggestions that can be considered for improvement include replacing expired fire extinguishers so that they are ready for use, providing APAR signs or symbols at each location point, providing a cover or placing the fire extinguisher outside in a roofed area, equip each hydrant point with instructions for use, carry out hydrant maintenance regarding the completeness and cleanliness of the hydrant box, and update evacuation route signs that are no longer legible and cut trees or branches that cover the signs.

Mitigasi Bencana Dengan Pembuatan Plang Dan Piezometer Di Desa Pasiran Kabupaten Bengkalis

Pasiran Village is a peat land area covering an area of 750.00 Ha. With the many negative impacts that will be caused by peatland fires, it is necessary to make preparedness efforts by making several evacuation route signs, fire-prone signs, and also making piezometers as a benchmark for awareness of peat water levels in the area. The method used is descriptive qualitative because it raises from the problems that occur in Pasiran Village, namely related to peatland problems and mitigation efforts. The gathering point area in Sandan Village is in Samikun Hamlet where the area is a fairly large field and is in the middle of residential areas. Burn-prone signs are installed around peatlands located adjacent to the plantations of Pasiran villagers. The piezometer made is a simple piezometer made from paralon and bamboo pipes. This effort is expected to provide benefits to the entire community of Pasiran Village.

Analysis of Airport Officers' Preparedness at Yogyakarta International Airport in Facing Potential Tsunami Hazards

Indonesia is a country that has a geological location where three plates meet and two oceans meet. Because of its geological location, Indonesia is a country that is vulnerable to disasters such as the tsunami disaster. Therefore, preparedness is needed to deal with these potential hazards. Preparedness is a series of activities carried out to anticipate disasters through appropriate and efficient steps. Preparedness is emphasized on the ability to take preparatory actions to face disaster emergencies quickly and precisely. At airports that are located in disaster-prone areas, of course, the preparedness of airport officers is of utmost concern. This preparedness can be in the form of training such as simulations and outreach. In addition to preparedness, preparation for disaster mitigation is also needed. This disaster mitigation can be in the form of constructing disaster-resistant buildings, installing evacuation signs and also making policies that are carried out when a disaster occurs. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Then proceed with data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results shown in this study are that the preparedness of airport officers at Yogyakarta International Airport has been very well prepared, namely by conducting training with related parties and also local residents. In addition, work instructions were also prepared so that they could be used as guidelines in the event of a tsunami disaster. Yogyakarta International Airport has prepared structural and non-structural disaster mitigation. This structural mitigation is in the form of building a building that can withstand an earthquake of 8.8 magnitude and a tsunami of 12 meters, making green belts, installing evacuation route signs, and activating an early warning system. The non-structural mitigation set at this airport is making policies that regulate how to mobilize resources during and after a disaster occurs and data on the amount of available resources. After the disaster, how the airport will be operated will be seen how big the impact is on the airport area.

IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KEBENCANAAN DALAM MEMBENTUK DESA TANGGUH BENCANA BERBASIS PEMBERDAYAAN PELAJAR DAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA BESOLE KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

Besole village is one of the villages in Tulungagung Regency which is near the center of the world's active plate collision and is directly adjacent to the Ocean. The influence of this location makes this village rich in minerals, namely as the number one largest marble producer in Indonesia. But behind that, this village has a big threat from natural disasters. This is evident over the years that this area has been hit by floods and landslides and has a threat of a tsunami. Therefore, an effort to empower the community is needed to form a disaster-resilient village through the implementation of disaster mitigation management education. This program is intended for students and the community due to their vulnerability to being affected by disasters. The purpose of this activity is to 1) determine the planning of disaster mitigation management education implementation programs 2) carry out several activities in disaster-based community empowerment efforts, 3) increase knowledge, skills and attitudes of disaster preparedness, 4) find out the advantages, disadvantages, supporters and obstacles of empowerment programs disaster-based society. This study uses a research-based Participatory Action Research (PAR) method which is divided into stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. The results of this study are 1) the planning stage is held to formulate various actions based on the results of preliminary research, focus group discussion and disaster mitigation guidance, 2) the action stage contains various activities, namely waste management on the coast, implementation of earthquake and tsunami learning simulation models at the elementary and junior high school levels, installation of evacuation route signs in several vital objects, use of biopore infiltration hole technology, counseling on organic and inorganic waste management through waste banks. , making a map of the disaster evacuation route for the coastal area of ​​Besole Village, 3) this activity contributes to the Besole village community in increasing knowledge, skills and attitudes of disaster preparedness, 4) the advantages and supporters of this activity, the most important of which is the support from various parties, both from the government and non-government, while the first factor that becomes a shortage and obstacle is the location factor which is difficult to access.

Mapping of Evacuation Paths and Gathering Points in Efforts to Reduce Disaster Risk in Taman Baru Village Sekotong West Lombok to Create a Disaster-Responsive Village

Taman Baru Village, Sekotong, West Lombok Regency is one of the areas under a hill valley and surrounded by hills with a height of about 0-1000 meters above sea level. The average level of rainfall in this area is 1381 mm with an average number of rainy days of 120 days so that this area is often affected by disasters, such as floods and landslides. Therefore, the Taman Baru Village needs to be wary of, considering that disasters can happen at any time. Thus, it is necessary to have disaster mitigation, namely the mapping of evacuation routes and gathering points and their visualization. These goals of this program are the existence of evacuation routes and gathering points, which are devoted to tidal floods, earthquakes and landslides. The results of this work program are also expected to be the best means that can facilitate the community in evacuating themselves when a disaster occurs. These output of this activity were a disaster mitigation leaflet in Taman Baru Village, a map of evacuation routes and gathering points in Taman Baru Village and their visualization (installation of evacuation route signs and gathering points that can provide instructions for people who want to evacuate themselves in the event of a disaster). The outcome of this activity is the increased awareness and understanding of the people of Taman Baru Village on disaster mitigation, especially earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and floods

Interactive evacuation in intelligent buildings assisted by mixed reality

Intelligent buildings offer a great opportunity to evacuate people more efficiently and safely by using dynamic evacuation guidance systems in comparison to static escape route signs. Static systems are unable to react to temporary events; their signs might guide the occupants directly to the hazard in the worst case. A dynamic system on the other hand determines the hazard position and calculates and displays an alternative escape route to avoiding the hazard position. In this work, we present a detailed study of current research approaches and introduce two algorithms developed for building evacuation. The first algorithm demonstrates the static evacuation and leads directly to the nearest exit. The second algorithm reacts dynamically to temporary events such as fire. A comparison of these algorithms shows that the dynamic system is more efficient. In order to test the dynamic approach in a real environment, a device to display the evacuation route is required. We propose a novel interactive evacuation approach using mixed reality glasses (HoloLens) for user guidance. A user study shows the advantages of the HoloLens and verifies our findings from the simulation in a real environment.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Flash Floods Disaster Mitigation in Java Island

Flash flood is one of the natural disasters that currently happens a lot in Indonesia. Java Island is one of the largest archipelagoes in Indonesia and has the highest incidence of flash floods. Several efforts were conducted to anticipate and mitigate flash floods in Java Island, including an early warning system, preparing safety equipment, building evacuation route signs, and monitoring watersheds. Through the dataset of Village Potential 2018, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of flash flood mitigation in Java Island using the R programming language. The stages of research carried out in this study are data preprocessing, including selecting, recoding the variables, exploratory univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis. The results showed that the fatalities of flash floods often occurred in areas with plains surface, especially in West Java and East Java, followed by the topography of Central Java on the hills and the valleys in Banten. In addition, the most effective disaster mitigation established in Java Island is safety equipment and the construction of evacuation route signs compared to other disaster anticipation efforts.

Are shelters in place? Mapping the distribution of transit amenities via a bus-stop census of San Francisco

Transit stops serve as crucial components of journeys for riders, but their condition is often left out of equity considerations. Two important empirical questions are what stop amenities, such as places to sit, clear signage, shelters for inclement weather, and unobstructed curbs are present, and how are they distributed across systems, which may reveal neighborhood or route-specific disparities. San Francisco, CA represents an ideal case for which to pursue this question, given it maintains a ‘transit first’ policy directive that mandates public space prioritize transit over private automobiles. An in-person census of 2964 street-level bus stops was conducted over three months, which finds that a majority of stops lack both seating and shelter of any kind, that route signage varies widely in format and legibility, and that roughly one third of all stops are obstructed by on-street parking, rendering them difficult to use and exposing riders to oncoming traffic. Stops in the city’s northern half are more likely to feature seating, shelter, and unobstructed curbs, whereas amenity “coldspots” nearly all lie within the city’s southern half. Stop amenities also vary sharply by bus route, such that routes with the longest headways (and thus waiting times) provide on average the least seating, shelter, and clear curbs. These three amenities – seating, shelter, and unobstructed curbs – are also present to a greater degree in Census tracts with higher shares of white residents. This census demonstrates that equity evaluations of transit must include stop amenities, which are often overlooked, can undermine transit’s attractiveness, and even compound long-standing imbalances in service quality for underserved communities. Furthermore, studies of this kind can inform where amenity upgrades should be prioritized, targeting those areas currently lacking in high-quality stops, and raising the minimum standard of stop amenities overall. Finally, given data collected in this census is almost entirely unavailable to riders within current trip-planning and wayfinding applications, this work raises the possibility of expanding transit-data standards to include amenity details.

Optimal Installation Location of Escape Route Signs at T-Type Intersections

This study analyzed the decision-making times (DMTs) of participants at T-type indoor intersections according to the horizontal/vertical installation locations and the arrow directions of escape route signs. A total of 120 university students participated in the study. We analyzed the DMTs and following rates (FRs) required for the participants to observe the visual stimuli of the signs installed in front of the T-type indoor intersections and then properly select a path according to the arrow direction of the signs. The results are as follows: (1) the participants exhibited shorter DMTs for the right arrow direction of the signs, (2) the Simon effect occurred when the horizontal installation location of the signs was more than 60 cm away from the center of the T-type indoor intersection on both sides, (3) the DMTs of participants increased when the vertical installation location of the signs was low. Finally, we proposed an optimal installation location of the signs to support the shortest DMTs at T-type indoor intersections. It is expected that the results of this study will provide a database of DMTs, based on the locations of the signs during emergency evacuations, and will be utilized to improve the installation guidelines and regulations of signs.

Ibiza dances to the rhythm of pedals: The motivations of mountain biking tourists competing in sporting events

Renowned worldwide for its nightlife, Ibiza has been diversifying its portfolio of tourism products by actively committing to sports tourism. The primary objective of this study is to explore the profile of the mountain bikers participating in the 2016 IBIZA BTT, a medium-sized international sporting event, taking place in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The study addresses the analysis of visitor motivations. A sample of participants (n = 499) was segmented using cluster analysis to explore the differences between segments in terms of sociodemographic and behavioral variables. A factor analysis revealed four motivational dimensions: physiological-sensory, utilitarian purposes, hedonic and previous experience. The average values indicated that route signage, good weather, and the cost of the trip were the main motivations. The cluster analysis resulted in three groups of cyclists: multipurpose seekers, utility-prestige and sensory seekers. In order to refine the group profiles, they were crossed with socio-economic and behavioral variables.

Investigation of the Relationship between Rainfall and Fatal Crashes in Texas, 1994–2018

Understanding how crash factors are impacted by rain is critical to road safety planning and management. This study assesses the impact of rain on traffic safety by conducting an analysis of the fatal crashes related to rain in Texas from 1994 to 2018. The fatal crash data was gathered from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database maintained by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Environmental variables used in the analysis include month of the year, time of the day, temperature, and weather condition. The roadway-related factors identified include the posted speed limit, the number of lanes, route sign, and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT). The driver-related factors identified include age, gender, and the number of licensed drivers in total. Relative risk analysis was performed to statistically quantify the impact of rainy conditions at the hourly and monthly time scales. On average, rain-related fatal crashes represented about 6.8% of the total fatal crashes. However, the proportion shows higher variability at the annual, monthly, and hourly time scales and seems to be influenced by other factors such as the age and gender of the driver, type of the road, and posted roadway speed limit. Total and rain-related crashes show statistically significant decreasing trends when normalized by the total number of licensed drivers or vehicle miles travelled. The relative risk of a fatal crash during rainy conditions was always greater than 1.0 at hourly, monthly, and annual time scales. However, it shows significant variability at the monthly (1.07 to 2.78) and hourly scales (1.35 to 2.57). The relative risk is higher in less urbanized and drier counties, in general. Gender and age analysis reveals that male and young drivers are more likely to be involved in a fatal crash but less likely to be killed in the crash.

Efforts of Establishing Disaster Resilient Villages through Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik at Disaster Risk Reduction in Purbalingga District

Desa tangguh bencana (Destana) is a program aimed to make a village community prepared for and resilient to disasters. The Destana program was initiated by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) decreed by the Regulation of the head of BNPB No. 1/2012. A village represents the bottom line in the government system and therefore the capacity building for disaster resilience starts from the villages. The number of villages in Central Java reaches 8559 villages, while BNPB, BPBD Province, BPBD Regency/City can only launch Destana on average 30 villages each year from 2013 - 2018. As a result, it takes quite a long time to forming Destana in all villages in Central Java. Therefore, the role of universities, in particular the state universities in forming Destana, is really needed. One of the activities in the formation of Destana was in the kuliah kerja nyata tematik program (KKN PRB) conducted in Purbalingga Regency in 2 villages that were prone to landslides. Provisioning for students refers to Perka BNPB Number 1/2012 by implementing 20 Destana indicators. Gunungwuled village and Panusupan village were the two villages where the KKN PRB done by 10 students each. For 45 days students could build several indicators, i.e. making disaster risk maps calculated based on hazard maps, vulnerability maps, and capacity maps. Next, they made a Landslide Contingency Planning Document with residents and relevant stakeholders. The Village Disaster Risk Reduction Forum consisting of various community components and the BPBD of Purbalingga Regency was also formed. Afterwards, the capacity building activities to the community against disasters were conducted. Finally, an early warning system for landslides in areas with potential landslides was created and warning signs for landslide-prone areas and evacuation route signs were installed. With the help of KKN PRB, the Panusupan village and Gunungwuled village have now become disaster resilient villages.

Disaster Mitigation Study in School Prone to Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster (Case Study Of SMAN 4 Pariaman)

SMAN 4 Pariaman is located in an area prone to disasters, especially the earthquake and tsunami. SMAN 4 Pariaman is located on the coast of the West Coast of Sumatra, which belongs to the tsunami red zone in Pariaman City. Based on this, all school residents must be prepared to face the disasters that will occur, especially the earthquake and tsunami. This type of research is a combination of research (Mixed Methods). This research is a step of research by combining two pre-existing forms of research namely qualitative research and quantitative research. The results of the study found 5 main priorities, namely 1) Optimization of meeting the basic needs of disaster management with a value of (5,000), 2) Application of evacuation routes and zones of vulnerability to our position or presence (4,556), 3) Socialization through facilities and infrastructure prepared by parties BPBD with grades (4,412), 4) Make maps to the evacuation sites of schools with grades (4,200), 5) Facilitate evacuation route signs such as posters with grades (3,587). The results of the FGD and data processing by data processing with Bayes method obtained 5 main priorities, namely 1) Schools must incorporate knowledge about disasters into the curriculum or subjects with values ​​(5,100), 2) Improvement of earthquake resistant facilities (4,467), 3) Schools must enter disaster mitigation activities into extracurricular values ​​(3,933), 4) Making maps of tsunami evacuation routes to TES with values ​​(3,923), 5) Conduct TRC education and training with a value of 3,857.

Ibiza Dances to the Rhythm of Pedals: The Motivations of Mountain Biking Tourists Competing in Sporting Events

Renowned worldwide for its nightlife, Ibiza has been diversifying its portfolio of tourism products by actively committing to sports tourism. The primary objective of this study is to explore the profile of the mountain bikers participating in the 2016 IBIZA BTT, a medium-sized international sporting event, taking place in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The study addresses the analysis of visitor motivations. A sample of participants (n = 499) was segmented using cluster analysis to explore the differences between segments in terms of sociodemographic and behavioral variables. A factor analysis revealed four motivational dimensions: physiological-sensory, utilitarian purposes, hedonic and previous experience. The average values indicated that route signage, good weather, and the cost of the trip were the main motivations. The cluster analysis resulted in three groups of cyclists: multipurpose seekers, utility-prestige and sensory seekers. In order to refine the group profiles, they were crossed with socio-economic and behavioral variables.

Recommendations for the design of digital escape route signage from an age-differentiated experimental study

In cases of fire, the evacuation times especially on passenger ships are strictly limited and wrong direction choices might be fatal. Therefore, an age-differentiated study was designed to investigate direction choices in a virtual corridor system with new digital situation-adaptive escape route signage. 60 people participated in the study within two equal, gender-balanced age groups (20–30 and 61–79 years). Three experimental conditions, varying in mental, emotional and physical demands, were realised to simulate the strain of an evacuation. Four sign types were included in the study, namely Standard without any additional elements, Updated with temporal update information, Flashing with a green flashing frame and Crossed-Out with a combination of the recommendation of one escape route and the prohibition of the other escape route. The digital escape route signs were partly presented in conflict with environmental cues, i.e. wider, brighter and less angled opposite corridors. The sign types Standard, Updated and Flashing were highly powerful to influence direction decisions of young and elderly persons even against conflicting environmental cues, whereas Crossed-Out led to misunderstandings and distrust. Hence, digital escape route signage with and without temporal update information and flashing elements has great potential to enhance safety during evacuations, while integrating prohibitory elements might be dangerous.

Pengembangan Sistem Manajemen Risiko di Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) Kota Bontang berdasarkan Kerangka ISO 31000

Procurement is one of activity of government institution. ULP Bontang as a procurement unit is a part of Bappeda Bontang. Due to importance of procurement process, ULP Bontang needs to manage its risks by identifying, analyzing and controlling potential risk that may impedes ULP objectives. All goverment institution refer to a Internal Government Controlling System which called by Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah (SPIP) for conducting its risk management. Since there are several part of SPIP is not applicable in ULP Bontang. Therefore in this research, SPIP is modified based on ISO 31000 framework. Moreover, Delphi method is utilized to identiry riks involving five experts and established 23 potential risk in ULP Bontang. The modifications were also made in developing of severity and probability tables corresponding to the conditions of ULP Bontang. The formulation of mitigation recommendation concerned by very high potential risks. The mitigation for risk number (12) ULP Bontang office is not representative are securing ULP office using fingerprint device so only authorized personel allowed to enter the office. The cost required for this mitigation is about Rp 30.000.000 and Rp 32.000.000 for CCTV installation and evacuation route sign and also ULP needs to partnership with other institution to securing ULP Bontang member.

Noticeability of illuminated route signs for tsunami evacuation

When a large tsunami occurs at night, greater casualties can be expected than might occur during a similar daytime event. In this study, we investigated illuminated route signs for tsunami evacuation by examining noticeability under different installation conditions. We began by installing prototype route signs in a coastal town where tsunami damages have been predicted. Then, we conducted an evacuation behavior experiment of assumed tourists. The results showed that the route signs had noticeability problems for people who were unfamiliar with the area. Accordingly, in an effort to improve noticeability, we verified various route sign types based on subjective evaluations using computer graphics (CG) images. As a result, route sign noticeability increased as the display panel became larger, and that the addition of an 800lm flash light to the sign improved its noticeability. Additionally, our investigation showed that noticeability trends were similar to those for the wayfinding effect. Finally, we fabricated a number of actual route signs and analyzed their noticeability through experimental observations. As a result, 90% of the test subjects noticed the route sign, which had a 1600lm flash light, a 360(w) ×720(h) mm display panel, and the setting height of 4.5m.