WSN Routing Protocols Research Articles

Energy efficient multi-objective cluster-based routing protocol for WSN using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic modified dingo optimization

Energy efficient multi-objective cluster-based routing protocol for WSN using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic modified dingo optimization

An Advanced Approach of Optimal Routing Protocol for WSN Using Grey Wolf Optimizer

An Advanced Approach of Optimal Routing Protocol for WSN Using Grey Wolf Optimizer

Link-Quality-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN in IoT

Link-Quality-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN in IoT

OCC-MP: An optimal cluster based congestion aware technique multipath routing protocol in WSN using hybrid evolutionary techniques

Due to massive data traffic, wireless network congestion is inevitable, causing network performance deterioration and data transmission quality reduction. By adjustingthe traffic flow at the source node along the optimal path, Wireless sensor networks strive to evade and overcome congestion. Recently, numerous evolutionary approaches for congestion detection and avoidance have been presented, although they do not improve WSN performance. A hybrid evolutionary approach is attempted to avoid congestion in WSN and improve network performance. We present an optimum cluster-based congestion aware multipath routing protocol (OCC-MP). An improved atom search optimization (IASO) approach for efficient clustering is introduced initially in OCC-MP. Then the HSIPO method is used for decision making, which computes each node's trust degree. The HSIPO algorithm selects the cluster head (CH) from a group of nodes. Then a deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) is used to monitor congestion and provide congestion aware routing. Finally, multiple simulation situations like various node densities andat various simulation rounds supported our proposed OCC-MP techniqueoutperformedcurrent methodologies with respect to energy consumption, throughput, traffic load overflow, delivery ratio, and number of nodes alive.

Ultra-scalable ensemble clustering with simulated annealing based coot bird routing protocol for WSN

Ultra-scalable ensemble clustering with simulated annealing based coot bird routing protocol for WSN

A novel energy‐efficient routing protocol for industrial WSN using hybrid COOT‐LS algorithm with LSTM‐based DOM prediction

SummaryIndustrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) are very important to improve and simplify the way to manage, monitor, and control industrial factories. IWSNs have many benefits, but because of their vulnerability to extremely complex and variable industrial contexts, they also limit some of the potential that is currently available and present difficulties on numerous fronts. The proposed work develops energy‐efficient routing technique to minimize the overall energy consumption. Heterogeneous mobile nodes are randomly deployed in the experimental region; then, region‐based grid formation is done in the proposed method. In each grid, the base node is selected utilizing the parameters like residual energy and distance of mobile nodes. Hybrid COOT‐HOA optimization is used in the proposed method for selecting the optimal base node in each grid. A deep learning‐based machine learning algorithm called long short‐term memory (LSTM) is utilized to predict the future direction of movement (DOM) of each mobile node in the grid. Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is utilized to find an active zone from the sender node to direction of base node. Then, the sender node transmits the data to its nearest node in the active region. This proposed energy‐efficient routing algorithm is tested with several metrics which attains better performance like 94% packet delivery ratio, 7% packet loss, average residual energy of 9.5 J, and 3.4 Mbps throughput. Thus, the energy‐efficient routing protocol used in the proposed approach transfers the data in an energy‐efficient manner for IWSN.

A Novel Communication Pathway Metric Evaluation using Throughput and Energy Improvements over Wireless Sensor Networks

Lifetime connectivity and low power consumption are two requirements for WSNs. Additionally, increasing WSN commercialization, application monitoring for higher QoS. Maintaining the improvement of the wireless sensor networks effectiveness requires the establishment of the energy-efficient and consistent connection. In order to increase the efficiency of routing algorithms in latest technology assisted WSNs, a novel method is developed. The gadgets with the lowest power consumption are carefully selected for the appropriate use and carefully managed. The goal of this research is to develop low-power routing algorithms for use in WSNs. Numerous sectors, including the military, the medical profession, surveillance of observing, public transportation sectors etc., can benefit from wireless sensor networks deployed with a large number of mobile nodes in a communications system. To examine data from nodes that are freely moving about the zone, we developed and simulated a wireless network system based on the Distributed Internet of Things. The proposed method of Intelligent Route Metric Analyzer (IRMA) improves upon the efficiency of the standard algorithm with regards to energy consumption. In addition, the ground wireless sensing design's ideal trajectory is identified using a realistic tempering approach. In the end, this concept is compared to similar ones like AODV and the findings reveal that it performs better with regard to of energy consumption, delay and other important metrics. According to the paper we analyzed, the primary objective was to devise a routing method that would sustain network operation for as long as feasible by decreasing the energy needed for different operations at each individual sensor node while keeping the total energy consumption of the nodes constant over their lifetimes. Finally, the study makes a contribution to the ongoing discussion of the difficulties in developing a routing protocol for WSN, taking into account the interdependency of different network factors. Median throughput, median network latency, and standardized route load are only few of the efficiency metrics addressed in this article.

Analytic Approaches of Various Routing Protocols in WSN- Comparative Study

Analytic Approaches of Various Routing Protocols in WSN- Comparative Study

Advanced ANN Based Secured Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in WSN

Advanced ANN Based Secured Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in WSN

Bidirectional Blockchain-Based Secure Data Transfer Using GALOEEM Routing Protocol in WSN

Bidirectional Blockchain-Based Secure Data Transfer Using GALOEEM Routing Protocol in WSN

Conceptual Framework and Comparative Study on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN with Special Emphasis on Swarm Intelligence Approaches

Conceptual Framework and Comparative Study on Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN with Special Emphasis on Swarm Intelligence Approaches

A Detailed Survey on Energy Efficient WSN Routing Protocols

A Detailed Survey on Energy Efficient WSN Routing Protocols

Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN Using Nature Inspired Algorithm

Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN Using Nature Inspired Algorithm

Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Multipath Sub Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

The aim of this paper is to design Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Multipath Sub Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper presented a routing protocol for heterogenous WSN for the selection of cluster head based on the highest remaining residual energy in a node by using the optimal probabilistic equation. The heterogenous technique contains the multi-hoping of inter clustering communication and connectivity of remaining sensor nodes by using sub clustering technique. The sensor nodes with high residual energy will become cluster head and sends data packets to the base station. After successive simulations of this routing protocol on to MATLAB 2022b software, it was consequently found out that it improves the number of alive nodes, number of data packets transmitted to the sink in a network and also improves the network lifetime by 75%-80% in comparison with other protocols. The simulation results were carried out by comparing the proposed method with O LEACH, EEE LEACH, Z-SEP, LEACH. The result shows that, our proposed method is more stable and energy efficient than the other routing protocols.

A Survey on variants of DoS attacks: Issues and defense mechanisms

Wireless-based networks encompass assisted human life in distinct domains like Agriculture, health, infrastructure, climate, transportation and defense. In particular, the wireless sensor networks have been addressed in this article. Though it has many advancements, providing secure data transmission needs a major focus on these platforms. The disruptions or interference is one of the vulnerable security problems in Wireless Sensor Networks. Inside the network, an intruder can encroach and interrupt the whole transmission process. The involvement of an intruder in the device must be remembered in the network. WSN encompasses a wide geographical region and focus on rectification of issues in protocols for routing, interoperability, connectivity, and defense plays a major role. Hence, this article addresses about routing protocols of WSN, applications, recent network security issues and their variants of defense mechanisms. The conclusion depicts the classification of network security issues, requirements, and descriptive defense mechanisms for secure data transmission.

In search of cluster-based routing protocol for WSN using consensus algorithm

In search of cluster-based routing protocol for WSN using consensus algorithm

In search of clusters Based routing Protocol for WSN using consensus algorithm.

In search of clusters Based routing Protocol for WSN using consensus algorithm.

Retracted: Energy-Efficient and Secure Opportunistic Routing Protocol for WSN: Performance Analysis with Nature-Inspired Algorithms and Its Application in Biomedical Applications.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/1976694.].

Minimizing Energy Hole Problem Comparisons in Some Hierarchical WSN Routing Protocols

This paper study the efficient use of energy as a challenging task of designing these protocols. The energy holes are created due to non-uniform node distribution in the network when quickly drain the energy in a few nodes. It is studies removing energy holes by using sleep and awake mechanism for sensor nodes to save energy. This approach finds the maximum distance nodes to calculate the maximum energy for data. It intends to enumerate the dead nodes transmission, alive nodes, throughput, overhead and packet delivery ratio consumed by the entire network and affected by the network area changes. lastly, a brief performance analysis of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEEC), Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol (TEEN) and Stable Election Protocol (SEP) is carried out considering metrics of the previous characteristics of wireless sensor network.

Performance Evaluation of k-means and k-medoids in WSN Routing Protocols

SeaYoung Park, Dai Yeol Yun, Chi-Gon Hwang, and Daesung Lee, <i>Member, KIICE</i>. Journal of information and communication convergence engineering 2022;20:259-64. https://doi.org/10.56977/jicce.2022.20.4.259