Round Swelling Research Articles

Solving the taxonomic identity of Hipposideros cineraceus sensu lato (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, with the description of a new species.

A new species of small Hipposideros in the bicolor group is described based on specimens from Thailand and Malaysia. It can be distinguished from other small Hipposideros in Southeast Asia by a combination of external, craniodental, and bacular morphology, as well as echolocation call frequency. The new species has a distinct rounded swelling on the internarial septum of the noseleaf, with a forearm length of 35.3-42.6 mm, greatest skull length of 15.94-17.90 mm, and a call frequency of maximum energy of 132.3-144.0 kHz. Although clearly different in morphology, the new species forms a sister clade with H. kunzi and H. bicolor in the phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial DNA. In addition, this study reports echolocation and genetic data, with a confirmed record of H. einnaythu from Thailand for the first time. The new species most closely resembles H. einnaythu. However, it differs in the details of the noseleaf and craniodental morphology, and it has a genetic distance of 9.6% and 10.4% based on mitochondrial COI and ND2, respectively. It is currently documented from five localities: two in peninsular Thailand, at Hala Forest in Yala Province, and Phru To Daeng Swamp Forest in Narathiwat Province, one from peninsular Malaysia at Krau Wildlife Reserve in Pahang, and another two in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo at Gunung Kinabalu, and near Madai Caves. However, it is likely that many previous records of "H. cineraceus" from Borneo refer to this species. Most records of the species are from lowland evergreen rainforest, though one record from Sabah was at 1800m. The roosting sites for this new species are currently unknown. Future research with a combination of data such as genetics, echolocation and morphology would be necessary to further determine the species geographic distribution in Southeast Asia.

PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA IN PALATE

Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the major and minor salivary glands. It is identified through clinical characteristics. A 13-year-old female patient sought dental care for an expressive and round swelling with a smooth surface in the palate region. A panoramic radiograph was requested and on clinical examination a solid lesion with well-defined borders and no association with pain symptoms was observed. Therefore, an aspiration puncture was executed before the surgical procedure, in which total enucleation of the lesion was performed. The specimen was sent for histopathologic examination, establishing the definitive diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Observing the slide, the presence of neoplastic cells around the lesion was noticed, suggesting the potential risk of malignancy. The patient has been in follow-up for 5 months and there are no signs of relapse. Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the major and minor salivary glands. It is identified through clinical characteristics. A 13-year-old female patient sought dental care for an expressive and round swelling with a smooth surface in the palate region. A panoramic radiograph was requested and on clinical examination a solid lesion with well-defined borders and no association with pain symptoms was observed. Therefore, an aspiration puncture was executed before the surgical procedure, in which total enucleation of the lesion was performed. The specimen was sent for histopathologic examination, establishing the definitive diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Observing the slide, the presence of neoplastic cells around the lesion was noticed, suggesting the potential risk of malignancy. The patient has been in follow-up for 5 months and there are no signs of relapse.

A new species of the Spirobranchuskraussii complex, S.akitsushima (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae), from the rocky intertidal zone of Japan.

A new species of Spirobranchus (Annelida: Serpulidae) is described based on specimens collected at the coastal Shonan area of Sagami Bay and the adjacent areas of Honshu, Japan. Spirobranchusakitsushima sp. nov. forms large aggregations in the intertidal rocky zone of warm-temperate Japanese shores. This species was referred to as Pomatoleioskraussii (Baird, 1864) until the monotypic genus Pomatoleios was synonymized with Spirobranchus. This new species is formally described based on morphologically distinct Japanese specimens with supporting DNA sequence data. The calcareous opercular endplate of Spirobranchusakitsushima sp. nov. lacks a distinct talon, but some specimens have a slight rounded swelling on the endplate underside, while in other species of the S.kraussii complex a talon is present, usually extended, and with bulges. We examined sub-fossil tube aggregations of the new species and suggest that such aggregation stranded ashore is a good indicator of vertical land movements (uplift and subsidence) resulting from past events, such as earthquakes, in Honshu, Japan.

A Case Report on Siraja Granthi

Siraja Granthi is one among the Granthi Roga described in various Ayurvedic classics. It denotes a pathological condition characterised by an elevated, quickly developing and round swelling of veins, which are non pulsating and painless. Symptomatologies of Siraja Granthi indicate the correlation towards the varicose veins. Ayurvedic management has multiple time tested modalities of treatment such as external application of Sahacharadi Taila, internal Basti and Para surgical procedure such as Raktamokshana,for the management of Siraja Granthi. A hypothesis was made that, whether Raktamokshana by Siravyadha method which is comparatively safe, has extended systemic action quoted to be Ardha Chikitsa and can be employed in patients with Siraja Granthi / varicose veins. Case Presentation: A 39 year old male patient visited OPD of Shalya Tantra, GAMC, Bengaluru, who had presented with complaint of dull aching pain which aggravates specially by the end of the day and dilated, engorged veins over right lower limb for about 2 years associated with gradual onset of mild edema around the right ankle, discoloration and itching for last 4 months. It was planned to treat the patient with Raktamokshana by Siravyadha 4 sittings at an interval of 7 days and Sahacharadi Kashaya 15 ml Bid given internally for 28 days. Conclusion: Raktamokshana (Siravyadha) line of treatment was found to be beneficial in relieving pain, swelling, itching and discoloration around the affected regions of varicose veins.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor: An Uncommon Cause of Paraparesis and Sciatic Pain

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare type of soft tissue neoplasia, usually seen in adults. They are mesenchymal neoplasias that appear to exhibit fibroblastic differentiation, classically described in the pleura, but can arise anywhere. They have a generally benign course; however, in rare cases, they may recur locally or at a distance. When surgery is not possible or in the presence of metastasis, chemotherapy or palliative radiotherapy may be therapeutic options. The patient was a 44-year-old man, a construction worker, healthy apart from a totally resected left pelvic SFT 3 years before. He was observed over the last several times in the emergency department (ED) by right sciatic pain and discharged. He had no history of trauma. A lumbar MRI was performed without alterations of relief. The worsening of the symptomatology, with commitment of the autonomous march, resorted him again to ED. Clinical features showed grade 2 strength with hypoesthesia and an aquiline reflex abolished in the right lower limb (MI) and strength grade 4+ at the distal level of the left MI. There was a palpable rounded swelling on the posterior aspect of the right thigh (5 × 8 cm), with an elastic and non-painful consistency at palpation. MRI of the neuro-axis showed no changes of relief. Pelvic CT showed swelling with soft tissue component, which invaded the iliac bilaterally and right sacroiliac joint, with lithic alteration. The histology of the pelvic lesion and thigh lesion revealed an SFT. Radiotherapy and then chemotherapy were performed. The patient died 1 year after the diagnosis. We report a fatal case of recurrence of SFT. The authors highlight the case because of its rarity and its “malignant” evolution. Long-term follow-up of these patients is required because of the risk of recurrence of these tumors and their uncertain biological behavior. J Med Cases. 2017;8(6):196-199 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2843w

A persistent cough.

A 60 year old woman presented with a hoarse voice and persistent dry cough. Flexible nasendoscopy showed a smooth, round swelling on the posterior third of the tongue. What abnormality is shown in the midline at the posterior tongue base on this axial T2 weighted magnetic resonance image (fig 1⇓)? Fig 1 Axial section, T2 weighted magnetic resonance image at the level of the tongue base. A cystic remnant of the thyroglossal duct (thyroglossal cyst). ### Discussion The magnetic resonance image shows a thin walled, cystic lesion in the …

Innervation of taste buds revealed with Brainbow-labeling in mouse.

Nerve fibers that surround and innervate the taste bud were visualized with inherent fluorescence using Brainbow transgenic mice that were generated by mating the founder line L with nestin-cre mice. Multicolor fluorescence revealed perigemmal fibers as branched within the non-taste epithelium and ending in clusters of multiple rounded swellings surrounding the taste pore. Brainbow-labeling also revealed the morphology and branching pattern of single intragemmal fibers. These taste bud fibers frequently innervated both the peripheral bud, where immature gemmal cells are located, and the central bud, where mature, differentiated cells are located. The fibers typically bore preterminal and terminal swellings, growth cones with filopodia, swellings, and rounded retraction bulbs. These results establish an anatomical substrate for taste nerve fibers to contact and remodel among receptor cells at all stages of their differentiation, an interpretation that was supported by staining with GAP-43, a marker for growing fibers and growth cones.

Psilophyton szaferi sp. nor. from the Lower Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains. Poland

<em>Philophyton szaferi</em> sp. nov. belonging to the <em>Trimerophytina</em> was found in the Lower Devonian (Emsian) in the bore-hole Modrzewie 2A near Bostów in the Holy Cross Mountains (Gory Świętokrzyskie). The axes are sterile and fertile. their branching is dichotomous, unequally dichotomous and unequally dochotomous where the wider branch tends to form the main axis. The majority of axes branch in one plane, some in different planes; they show on their surface irregularly distributed enations in the form of rounded swellings. Some of them continue downwards as protruding ridges forming a characteristic longitudinal pattern. The apices of sterile axes are forking. Fertile axes end in clusters of fusiform. upright sporangia, arranged in pairs. The vascular strand shows protoxylem inside and metaxylem outside. Tracheids possess scalariform thickenings and what appear to be small pits between them. The systematic position of the plant and its position in the evolutionary sequence leading to megaphyllous leaves is discussed.

Surface Ultrastructure of Juvenile and Adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One- to 3-day-old juveniles and 10-day-old adults were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were minute, curved ventrally, and had 23 collar spines characteristically arranged in a single row. The lips of the oral sucker had 7 single aciliated sensory papillae and 4 grouped uniciliated sensory papillae. The ventral sucker had 25 aciliated round swellings on its lip. The anterolateral surface between the 2 suckers was densely packed with tongue-shaped tegumental spines, and the ventral surface just posterior to the ventral sucker was covered with peg-like spines. Retractile, peg-like spines were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas scale-like spines with round tips and broad bases were sparsely distributed posterior to the ventral sucker. The cirrus was characteristically protruding and armed with minute spines. The surface ultrastructure of A. tyosenense was unique, especially in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape, and distribution of tegumental spines and in distribution of sensory papillae.

Morphology of the Gas Bladder in Sea Catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae)

The morphology of the gas bladder and associated structures in sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae) is studied. The most simple gas bladder, exclusive to Galeichthys Valenciennes, is apple-shaped with weakly developed internal trabeculae, has smooth walls externally and a short Müllerian window associated with a broad, short Müllerian ramus that is firmly attached to Baudelot’s ligament and supracleithrum. Most genera of Ariidae have a cordiform bladder with welldeveloped trabeculae, smooth walls externally, an elongate Müllerian window and an elongate Müllerian ramus with an acute tip that is free from the Baudelot’s ligament and supracleithrum. Sciades proops (Valenciennes) and S. parkeri (Traill) have a similar gas bladder but with a well-developed secondary chamber. Other genera of Ariidae also have a cordiform bladder with well-developed trabeculae and elongate Müllerian window, but with lateral diverticula present as shallow rounded bulges or blister-like swellings along the peripheral margins of the bladder. The degree of development of lateral diverticula varies among and within species, with Osteogeneiosus Bleeker having the most highly-developed diverticula. Bagre pinnimaculatus (Steindachner) and Bagre bagre (Linnaeus) have unusual depressed gas bladders with complex network of internal trabeculae. The implications of gas bladder morphology for the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the family are discussed.

Nasal swelling due to plasma cell infiltrate in a cat without plasma cell pododermatitis

A cat with an upper respiratory infection was presented for examination. Close examination of the face revealed a firm, haired rounded swelling on the bridge of the nose. Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated a mild hypergammaglobulinaemia. The cat tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus. Skin biopsy of the nasal lesion revealed nodular angiocentric infiltrates in the deep dermis and subcutis. The mixed infiltrate had numerous plasma cells. Presence of calicivirus antigen could not be demonstrated within the skin lesion by immunohistochemical staining. The cat was treated for upper respiratory infection and 1 month later the nasal lesion had resolved. A firm and rounded swelling over the bridge of the nose may be a feline cutaneous plasmacytic reaction pattern.

Primary venous aneurysm of the long saphenous vein: an uncommon case

A generally well 82-year old man presented to a general surgical outpatient clinic with a swelling of the medial aspect of his left thigh. It started as a small lump which grew quickly over a few weeks to approximately 6 cm. There was no history of trauma or thromboembolic complication and the patient was asymptomatic. On examination, there was a firm round swelling which was non-tender and non-pulsatile. It did not seem to be attached to deeper structures and was not anatomically related to the nervous system.The patient was reviewed by a consultant – the diagnosis of a chronic sebaceous cyst was considered and he was offered an excision biopsy under local anaesthetic. Postoperatively, the patient had an unremarkable recovery but presented with a localized haematoma (Figure 1) on routine follow up, which was managed conservatively. Histology revealed the mass was in fact a venous aneurysm of the long saphenous vein.

Congenital Saccular Cyst of the Larynx

Congenital Saccular Cyst of the Larynx

Orbital aspergillus infection mimicking a tumour: a case report

A 14-year-old male presented to the neurosurgical clinic with swelling just above the right eye which had been growing slowly for the last eight years. The swelling first appeared following a non-penetrating trauma eight years ago. On examination it was a non-tender, non-erythematous, firm, round swelling causing marked proptosis and diplopia on downward gaze only. The visual acuity was intact. MRI showed an intraorbital, extraconal mass isointense on T1 and hypointense on T2 imaging. A diagnosis of orbital tumor was made. A white, friable mass consistent with meningioma was resected. However histopathology report later showed it to be an Aspergilloma. The patient was successfully treated with anti-fungal medicine and was disease-free at one year follow-up.

Structural study of Purkinje cell axonal torpedoes in essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological diseases. A basic understanding of its neuropathology is now emerging. Aside from Purkinje cell loss, a prominent finding is an abundance of torpedoes (rounded swellings of Purkinje cell axons). Such swellings often result from the mis-accumulation of cell constituents. Identifying the basic nature of these accumulations is an important step in understanding the underlying disease process. Torpedoes, only recently identified in ET, have not yet been characterized ultrastructurally. Light and electron microscopy were used to characterize the structural constituents of torpedoes in ET. Formalin-fixed cerebellar cortical tissue from four prospectively collected ET brains was sectioned and immunostained with a monoclonal phosphorylated neurofilament antibody (SMI-31, Covance, Emeryville, CA). Using additional sections from three ET brains, torpedoes were assessed using electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity for phosphorylated neurofilament protein revealed clear labeling of torpedoes in each case. Torpedoes were strongly immunoreactive; in many instances, two or more torpedoes were noted in close proximity to one another. On electron microscopy, torpedoes were packed with randomly arranged 10–12 nm neurofilaments. Mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were abundant as well, particularly at the periphery of the torpedo. We demonstrated that the torpedoes in ET represent the mis-accumulation of disorganized neurofilaments and other organelles. It is not known where in the pathogenic cascade these accumulations occur (i.e., whether these accumulations are the primary event or a secondary/downstream event) and this deserves further study.

Congenital Saccular Cyst of the Larynx

Congenital Saccular Cyst of the Larynx

Solitary Myofibroma in the Oral Vestibule. A Case Report

A sessile round swelling, 1cm in diameter, occurred in the right mandibular vestibule close to tooth 46 root of a 35–year old Caucasian female, growing slowly during the last 3 months. Histology of the excised unencapsulated but well circumscribed mass showed a benign neoplasm made up of spindle cells either aligned in bundles parallel to the tumour surface or occupying a central area in which cells were more polyhedric among vascular spaces. This zonation pattern and the fact that cells were immunoreactive to smooth muscle actin and negative to desmin led to the diagnosis of solitary myofibroma. The rarity of this neoplasm made this case worthy of presentation.

Bilateral Mandibular Infected Buccal Cyst: A New Image

The mandibular infected buccal cyst is an uncommon lesion associated with the permanent mandibular first or second molar in children just prior to tooth eruption. The World Health Organization includes this lesion under the category of paradental cyst and suggests the term "mandibular infected buccal cyst" (MIBC) for lesions that occur on the buccal surface of the permanent mandibular first molar in children approximately 6 to 8 years of age. We present the case of a patient with bilateral mandibular cyst affecting the second molars of an 8-year-old boy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral MIBC published with a three-dimensional model made using an interactive three-dimensional (3D) implant planning system. An 8-year-old boy presented with swelling over the buccal gingiva of his lower left first molar. He complained of pain on chewing. Clinical examination revealed a 10-mm, firm, round swelling buccal to the lower left first molar. Computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction of the jaws showed well-defined bilateral ovoid radiolucencies at the apices of the lower left first molar and the lower right first molar. A three-dimensional study was made using the interactive 3D implant planning system showing the presence of the cyst and its relation with the molar and the dental nerve. The treatment was to enucleate the left cyst and maintain the involved tooth. The histopathologic diagnosis of the lesion was an MIBC. The objective of the present study is to 1) familiarize dentists and oral surgeons with the entity of the MIBC; 2) show new image techniques for the diagnosis; and 3) emphasize the appropriate treatment approach.

Mass Antibiotic Distribution and Its Effect on Trachoma

International Child Health| September 01 2006 Mass Antibiotic Distribution and Its Effect on Trachoma AAP Grand Rounds (2006) 16 (3): 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.16-3-31-a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mass Antibiotic Distribution and Its Effect on Trachoma. AAP Grand Rounds September 2006; 16 (3): 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.16-3-31-a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: trachoma Source: Chidambaram JD, Alemayehu W, Melese M, et al. Effect of a single mass antibiotic distribution on the prevalence of infectious trachoma. JAMA. 2006;295:1142–1146; doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1142 Trachoma is said to be the most important cause of preventable blindness worldwide – accounting for 15% of blindness and affecting approximately 6 million people1 – and ranks second only to cataracts as a cause of blindness. An international, multicenter collaboration sought to investigate the role of antibiotics and whether trachoma returns after a single mass antibiotic distribution. Multiple villages in Ethiopia were followed for 24 months, from 2003 to 2005, after receipt of a single oral dose of azithromycin in April 2003. The antibiotic was administered to all residents over 1 year of age at 20 mg/kg as a directly observed therapy. Children aged 1–5 years were monitored since this age group has a high prevalence of infection2 and may form the core group for transmission.3 Five hundred fifteen children were examined for ocular chlamydial infection at baseline. Prior to treatment, the mean prevalence of infection was 44%. By 2 months after treatment, the percentage had decreased to 5.1%. By 24 months after treatment, the mean prevalence of infection had risen to 11%. The study demonstrated that a single antibiotic treatment significantly reduced infection rates, but infection eventually returned in some children and that periodic treatments are required. Dr. Dinerman has disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a discussion of a commercial product/device. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device. Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by repeat infection with the ocular serotypes A, B, Ba, and C of Chlamydia trachomatis.4 The infection is acquired by contact with infected fingers, fomites, or flies. Children from disadvantaged communities in developing countries typically develop trachoma between the ages of 2–5 years. Active trachoma is characterized by follicular inflammation; that is, the development of 5 or more round swellings in the central portion of the upper tarsal conjunctiva. Repeat infections lead to upper lid fibrosis and contraction at the tarsal plate resulting in entropion, an abnormal inward rotation of the eyelid. As eyelashes turn inward they cause chronic corneal abrasions eventually leading to corneal scarring and opacification, a disease known as trachomatous triachiasis. Corneal opacification may be prevented through eyelid surgery. Surgical procedures for entropion correction include tarsal rotation, eversion splinting, and tarsal advance and rotations.5 This study suggests that although a single mass antibiotic distribution can reduce the burden of ocular chlamydia infection, repeat treatment is necessary since infection returns in some children after a single mass treatment. WHO judiciously recommends multiple mass distributions of azithromycin for trachoma prevention.6 The Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma set the year 2020 as the target for the elimination of trachoma. Progress toward reducing the global burden of trachoma will require political and financial support, community education and development, improved access... You do not currently have access to this content.

A tale of two ears.

A tale of two ears.