Round Of Work Research Articles

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of the in vitro activity of novel dual inhibitors of XOR and URAT1 containing a benzoic acid group.

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) are involved in the production and reabsorption of uric acid, respectively. However, the currently available individual XOR- or URAT1-targeted drugs have limited efficacy. Thus, strategies for combining XOR inhibitors with uricosuric drugs have been developed. Previous virtual screening identified Compounds 1-5 as hits for the potential dual inhibition of XOR/URAT1. Nevertheless, in vitro experiments yielded unsatisfactory results. The first round of optimization work on those hits was performed, and two series of compounds were designed and synthesized. Compounds of the A series exerted moderate inhibitory effects on URAT1, but extremely weak inhibitory effects on XOR. Compounds of the B series exerted strong inhibitory effects on both XOR and URAT1. B5 exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity, with similar inhibitory effects on XOR and URAT1. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of XOR was 0.012 ± 0.001 μM, equivalent to that of febuxostat (IC50 = 0.010 ± 0.001 μM). The IC50 of URAT1 was 30.24 ± 3.46 μM, equivalent to that of benzbromarone (IC50 = 24.89 ± 7.53 μM). Through this optimization, the in vitro activity of most compounds of the A and B series against XOR and URAT1 was significantly improved versus that of the hits. Compound B5 should be further investigated.

Research on the Construction of Evaluation System of Tax Professional Training Based on OBE Concept

In order to effectively carry out a new round (2021-2025) of audit and evaluation work, the effect of professional personnel training scientific and reasonable evaluation, this paper puts forward the idea of constructing the evaluation system of professional personnel training in taxation based on the OBE concept. It discusses the OBE core concept of the design of the taxation professional talent training evaluation system from the aspects of the relationship between the training objectives and talent training requirements, the characteristics of students' learning results, the principles and procedures of the evaluation system construction, and the evaluation organization and implementation.

Research on the Influence of Different Types of Industrial Agglomeration on Ecological Efficiency in Western China

In this study, we used the super-efficient global slacks-based measure of directional distance functions (SBM-DDF) model to evaluate the ecological efficiency and changes in 12 provinces in western China between 2006 and 2020. We then used two linear and nonlinear regression models to analyze in detail the influence mechanisms of different industrial agglomeration forms on the local ecological efficiency. The results show the following: the overall ecological efficiency in the western China region shows a dynamic upward trend. The ecological efficiency of western China is quite different, with the overall characteristics of “high in south and low in north”, “slow in south and fast in north”, and “three-way polarization.” Different types of industrial agglomeration in western China have obvious differences in terms of ecological efficiency. Both specialized agglomeration and unrelated diversification agglomeration in western China have a significant negative impact on ecological efficiency. The relationship between agglomeration-related diversity and ecological efficiency in the western region is of the “U” type. This study’s results can also provide a reference for the formulation of industrial transformation and ecological protection policies in the implementation process of the second round of the western development strategy. This study thus has fundamental significance in the promotion of the second round of western development work.

A Return to the Commons: An Eco-Marxist Reading of Jewett's “The Gray Mills of Farley” and Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills

A Return to the Commons: An Eco-Marxist Reading of Jewett's “The Gray Mills of Farley” and Rebecca Harding Davis’ <i>Life in the Iron Mills</i>

The Three Sisters of Agriculture: An Active Learning Activity on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

This active learning exercise introduces students to the plant microbiome and the contributions that bacteria make to plant growth and food production. The Three Sisters are an ancient indigenous practice in which three plant crops and the associated microbiome contribute to each other&rsquo;s growth. In this symbiotic relationship, the associated bacteria (<em>Rhizobium leguminosarum</em> biovar <em>phaseoli</em>) inhabit root nodules in bean plants, converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia through the process of nitrogen fixation. The plant takes up the ammonia as its nitrogen source, and provides the bacteria with organic carbon. The Lesson contains a pre-class reading, a 50-minute class session, and an after-class reading. In the first round of small group work during the class, students discuss and report back on the symbiosis between the three plants and between the bacteria and the plants, and the contributions to sustainable agriculture. In the second round of discussion and reporting, students discuss nitrogen fixation, emphasizing the <em>nod</em> genes for polypeptides involved in forming the root nodules and the <em>nif</em> genes that encode the nitrogenase enzyme complex that carries out nitrogen fixation. The after class reading provides students with an example of enhancing plant growth by adding nitrogen-fixing bacteria externally to beans. Altogether, this exercise provides students with a real life scenario relevant to sustainable agriculture. <em>Primary Image:</em>&nbsp;Nitrogen fixation in bean root nodules. Nodule formation starts with the secretion of flavonoids from bean roots, leading to the induction of nodulation factors in the bacteria. After root curling and nodule formation, the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction from atmospheric nitrogen to plant accessible ammonia.

Design, synthesis and antitrypanosomal activity of heteroaryl-based 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.

Two series of novel 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-thioacetamide 3a-b and 4a-b and 5-pyrazin-2-yl-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thiones 9a-h were designed and synthesized. The compounds prepared have been identified using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 9a, 9b, 9d-e and 9f have been evaluated with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as a control drug for their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei. Results showed that 3b was the most active compound in general and also more potent than control DFMO. 3b was 8 folds more potent than the reference with IC50 of 0.79μM and IC90 of 1.35μM, respectively compared to DFMO (IC50=6.10μM and IC90 of 8.66μM). The tested compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity with selectivity indices ranging from 12 (9d) to 102 (3b) against L6 cells. Docking study was performed into ten of T. brucei enzymes which have been identified as potential/valid targets for most of the antitrypanosomal agents. The results of the docking study revealed high binding scores toward many of the selected enzymes. A good correlation was observed only between log (IC50) of antitrypanosomal activity of the new compounds and their calculated Ki values against TryR enzyme (R2=0.726). Compound 3b, the most active as antitrypanosomal agents exhibited similar binding orientation and interaction to those of WP6 against TryR enzyme. However, in a next round of work, a complementary studies will be carried out to clarify the mechanism of action of these compounds.

Jellyfish Lakes at Misool Islands, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia

Purba GYS, Haryono E, Sunarto, Manan J, Rumenta L, Purwanto, Becking LE. 2018. Jellyfish Lakes at Misool Islands, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 172-182. Misool Islands, located in southern Raja Ampat in West Papua, has dozens of anchihaline lakes (marine lakes). Three of these lakes, Lenmakana, Karawapop, and Keramat, house populations of jellyfish. This study mapped and described the characteristics of the three ‘jellyfish lakes’ during field surveys in October 2015 and May 2016. The lakes ranged in area from 0.5−3.2 hectares. All three lakes harbored Mastigias papua, Lenmakana and Keramat lakes also harbored Aurelia sp., and Keramat had a third jellyfish species Cassiopea ornata. However, at Karawapop the jellyfish were not found on the water surface during the first round of field work because of effects associated with the El Niño phenomenon at that time. As a result of the El Niño effect, at Keramat, brown Mastigias became white in May 2016. The three lakes have different tidal delays (30−120 min) and dampened tidal amplitude (62%) compared to the sea. The benthos was found to be dominated by bivalves (Brachidontes sp.), algae (Cladophora sp., or Halimeda sp.) and sponges (predominantly Haliclona spp. and Tethya spp.). In addition, species of the family Synaptidae (Holothuroidea) were abundant and spread over almost all the bottom of Karawapop Lake, while tube-worms of the Polychaeta class were identified in Keramat Lake. Although these lakes are identified as a conservation area, currently there is no management activity in Lenmakana and Karawapop Lakes, despite the fact that the lakes are growing in popularity as a tourist site. Our paper provides the baseline data for future conservation efforts.

Another Look at the Snipes Site (41CS8) on the Sulphur River, Cass County, Texas

The Snipes site (41CS8) was excavated by Jelks in 1952 as part of the River Basins Surveys (RBS) program administered by the Smithsonian Institution in cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Bureau of Reclamation. Snipes was one of three sites excavated by the RBS prior to the inundation of a large part of the lower Sulphur River valley by Texarkana Reservoir, now Lake Wright Patman. The Snipes site was apparently occupied during at least some part of the Woodland period (ca. 500 B.C.- A.D. 800), mainly during the latter part of the period, and can be considered a component of the Fourche Maline Culture on the basis of the artifacts recovered from both habitation archaeological deposits and burial features. Other artifacts in the collection attest to the use of the Snipes site during Late Archaic and post-A.D. 900 ancestral Caddo times, as we will discuss below. The site was estimated to cover ca. 6-7 acres of an upland landform about 1.6 km south of the Sulphur River, and was marked by a scatter of lithic artifacts, mussel shell, animal bones, charcoal, pottery sherds, etc. Excavations were done in a series of 5-ft. squares dispersed across a 300 x 200 ft. area; according to Jelks, “additional squares were opened adjacent to the most productive test squares.” The archaeological deposits ranged from ca. 8-38 cm in thickness from the surface, and had been well disturbed by plowing. Apparent midden deposits marked by “a great deal of carbon and grease” were identified in several parts of the excavations. During the work at the site by Jelks, nine prehistoric burials were excavated there, including three (Burials 7-9) that were discovered an unknown distance northeast of Burials 1-6 during the last round of work at the site. Jelks reported that traces of human remains from adults of unknown sex were present in Burials 6 and 7, but failed to mention if such was the case for Burials 8 and 9. However, since Burial 8 was reported to have contained two individuals, and the orientation of the heads was recorded, human remains (again, probably from adults, although not noted) were obviously preserved in this burial as well, but apparently not recovered. For Burial 9, Jelks simply noted that preservation “was poor.” Burials 6, 7, and 8 contained individuals that were placed in graves in an extended supine (i.e., on their back) position. Burial 8 had two individuals in extended supine position. The position of the deceased individual in Burial 9 was not recorded. Burial 6 had a Coles Creek Incised, var. Stoner bowl by the right shoulder of the deceased, and one small bowl each had been placed as a funerary offering in Burials 7-9; in two instances, the small bowls were by the left shoulder of the deceased. Two other vessels were funerary offerings in Burial 1 and a separate burial feature excavated by I. B. (Bogey) Price after the main RBS investigations.

Further Surface Collecting and Shovel Testing Investigations at the Sanders Site (41LR2), Lamar County, Texas

Archaeological investigations at the Sanders site (41LR2), an important ancestral Caddo mound center and village on the Red River in Lamar County, Texas, have been ongoing since 2013. The latest round of work at the Sanders site primarily concerned Dr. Chester P. Walker’s conducting geophysical work there in December 2014. Bo Nelson went to the site to show Walker the areas where artifactual materials have been collected from surface clusters in earlier investigations. The weather was cold and rainy the entire time. Dr. Walker was able to work in between rain episodes. The fields were wet and muddy. Most of the Crawford property was planted in winter wheat, except the fields just east of the mounds, that still had dried corn stalks covering the ground surface. The fields with the corn stalks had no surface visibility. The Sanders’ property was recently disked, and there was about 50–60 percent surface visibility. Mr. R. P. “Dick” Crawford, Julia Crawford’s father, made several visits to the site while Nelson and Walker were there. He has a routine that involves checking for feral hogs, and seeing if there had been any damage they may have done to the fields since his last visit. During his visits, he was able to show to Nelson and Walker a small strip of property that was owned by the Crawford’s that we had originally assumed to be included with the Sanders’ family property. This strip of property extends up to the West mound, making the Sanders’ property “L–shaped” instead of a block–shaped tract.

School Matters: Banish the Mid-Year Blahs

School Matters: Banish the Mid-Year Blahs

The nucleotide cycle of spastin correlates with its microtubule‐binding properties

Spastin is an AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) protein with microtubule (MT)-severing activity. The spastin-encoding gene was identified as the most often mutated gene in the human neurodegenerative disease hereditary spastic paraplegia. Although the structure of the AAA domain of spastin has been determined, the mechanism by which spastin severs MTs remains elusive. Here, we studied the MT-binding and nucleotide-binding properties of spastin, as well as their interplay. The results suggest that ATP-bound spastin interacts strongly and cooperatively with MTs; this interaction stimulates ATP hydrolysis by spastin. After ATP hydrolysis, spastin dissociates from MTs, and then exchanges ADP for ATP in solution for the next round of work. In particular, spastin in the ternary complex of MT-spastin-ATP is the most cooperative state during the working cycle, and is probably the force-generating state that is responsible for MT severing. The results presented in this study establish the nucleotide cycle of spastin in correlation with its MT-binding properties, and provide a biochemical framework for further studies of the working mechanism of spastin.

Three Poems by Giacomo Leopardi

Three Poems by Giacomo Leopardi

Impact of WTO Policies on Developing Countries: Issues and Perspectives

About two thirds of the WTO's around 150 members are developing countries. They play an increasingly important and active role in the WTO because of their numbers, because they are becoming more important in the global economy, and because they increasingly look to trade as a vital tool in their development efforts. An attempt is made in this paper to examine whether the WTO policies have positive or negative effect on the trade of developing countries. The paper further discusses that the Doha Round of Talk is a myth, a fiction, or is it a reality. Can the spirit of Doha, which launched a new round of negotiations and work with an explicit pledge to deliver development-friendly results, be redeemed or not? Finally, it analyses the special differential treatment (SDT) for developing countries.

Working With Probate Inventories

Probate inventories are listings of property that were sometimes taken upon an individual's death. A team of appraisers would tour the home and lands of the deceased, describing everything of value and assigning an estimated worth. This appraisal would help the administrator or executor of the estate pay off all creditors, with the remainder being distributed according to a will or divided among heirs for those who died intestate. For the past four decades family historians as well as economic and social historians have made extensive use of these inventories, but it is hard to make generalizations about them, as laws governing them vary according to the jurisdiction and year being examined; the literature on probate inventories is consequently very wide-ranging. Used initially for the study of wealth distribution, researchers have also used them to investigate other areas of historical interest. For example, doctors' kits and libraries inform us about the material culture of medicine; word usage and spelling in the lists interest linguists as well as intellectual historians, who also find an indication of the degree of literacy in the number of documents signed by "x" rather than a name; in named books and ownership of Bibles there is evidence of learning and intellectual interests; pottery, dishware, and utensils interest archaeologists; sociologists find status symbols in the details of furnishings, apparel, and cultural objects; agricultural implements tell of farming methods and crop specialization; horses, harness, wagons, and boats indicate modes of production as well as travel; tools speak of craftsmanship; household implements like spinning wheels, wool cards, looms, and soap kettles suggest household production. We can also examine patterns such as the seasonal round of work and the sexual division of labor.

Further Investigations of a Prehistoric Caddo Habitation Site in the White Oak Basin of Northeast Texas: The James Owens Site (41TT69)

The James Owens site (41TT769) is a Middle to Late Caddo period settlement in the White Oak Creek drainage basin in Northeast Texas that was first investigated in June of 2001 at the request of the landowner, Mr. James Owens of Irving, Texas. At that time, the landowner was planning on building a house on the site, and during the course of clearing the land and constructing a gravel drive way to the future house site, he noted some archeological materials on the surface. Discussions between Mr. Owens, Bryan Boyd (Texas Archeological Steward Network), and Mark Parsons, then regional archeologist for the Texas Historical Commission, led to the limited 2001 investigations, which were designed to obtain basic information on the age of, and the range of material culture remains at, the James Owens site, and to further determine whether the site had research potential to address questions concerning the prehistoric Caddo archeology of the region. During the initial work, a ca. 20-30 cm thick midden deposit was identified in the southern part of the site, but its context remained to be fully evaluated; specifically, was the midden a trash deposit, or was it directly associated with structural and habitation features? In April 2002 and February 2003, we returned to the site before Mr. Owens constructed a house there. This additional work was designed to examine the midden deposits in more detail, so as to better estimate its size, contents, and rate of accumulation; locate other cultural features (particularly post holes and hearths from structures); and obtain more radiocarbon samples from the midden and other cultural features. The dating of additional radiocarbon samples was crucial, along with the existing radiocarbon and Oxidizable Carbon Ratio (OCR) dates obtained in the first round of work, in refining the estimated occupation span of the James Owens site. This article is a summary of these more recent, and final, investigations.

Continental Shelf Submissions: The Record to Date

AbstractThis paper reflects the situation at the end of 2005. At that time, four coastal States had completed their continental shelf submissions for transmittal to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS): Russia (2001), Brazil (2004), Australia (2004), and Ireland (2005).Of those four submissions, only Russia's has been subjected to a full review by the CLCS, which issued outer limit recommendations in 2002. Russia has responded to those recommendations by initiating a new round of field work in the Arctic, to obtain additional data that is intended to offset CLCS concerns. The Brazilian and Australian submissions are currently undergoing review by subcommissions of the CLCS, while the establishment of a subcommission to examine the Irish submission is imminent. The task of each subcommission is to prepare draft recommendations for review by the Commission at large.In general, the detailed contents of continental shelf submissions are not made public, nor are the deliberations of the CLCS concerning those submissions. In certain cases some of that information can be gleaned through unofficial channels, but for the most part interested parties must refer to the website of the UN's Division of Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS), which posts material of a more limited nature. Information derived largely from that official source will be used in this paper to outline what is known about the four submissions above.This exposition will be followed by brief reviews of: (a) the memberships of the first two Commissions and the four subcommissions; (b) the ability of Commission members to render advisory services to submitting States; and (c) the benefits to be gained by a submitting State when it sponsors a member of the Commission.

Geophysics of the Porgera gold mine, Papua New Guinea

The giant gold deposit of Porgera, located in the Enga Province in highland Papua New Guinea, had a 1997 reserve of 82.6 Mt at 4.4g/t, or 11.6 Moz. The high-grade mineralisation, most of which has been mined out, is associated with quartz-roscoellite veining along the Romane Fault Zone (Zone VII).Early prospecting in the late 1930s discovered alluvial gold in the Porgera valley. From 1964 to 1983 the Waruwari deposit was defined by drilling east-oriented holes. In 1983 the Romane Fault mineralisation was discovered using drill holes oriented to the south.While geochemistry and drilling have been credited with the discovery of zone VII, geophysics has played an integral part in defining the extent of the Porgera Intrusive Complex. If used earlier in the exploration process, geophysics may have led to the discovery of zone VII before more than 200 holes were drilled into the deposit.Geophysics has been used extensively in the exploration program at Porgera to target buried intrusives. Airborne magnetics has successfully mapped the intrusives, along the contacts with which mineralisation is associated. IP and radiometrics have defined the extent of hydrothermal alteration and a combination of 3D magnetic modelling and Audio MagnetotelluricsAMT has defined the system at depth in the latest round of work.

Active partners: education and community development

States that community development has been promoted as a process, a method, a programme, a movement and a paradigm, but that efforts at definition tend to divert attention from the key concern in this field: what kinds of organizations are most effective in actually doing community development? Posits that the main determinants of what is done in society today are laid down by governments and large corporations; these organizations cannot give people a sense of identity and purpose beyond the job and the daily round of work. Proposes that mediating structures can do so. Reveals that these are organizations which stand between the individuals and the larger entities of society. Examines, using Cape Breton Island as context, a potential role for the university as a mediating structure in community development.

A Story of Burbage Wharf

AbstractThere are occasions in the daily round of museum work when something really rather special turns up. Thirty or forty years ago, when the ordinary history of town and countryside was like so much unexplored territory, occurrences of the type related here may perhaps have been relatively commonplace. Today, after decades of professional and amateur activity in the field, who could blame anyone for assuming that the ground had been thoroughly gone over and that there were no more gems to be discovered? One of the great fascinations of this business, however, is that the unexpected does still happen, even today; every now and then, usually from some unlikely quarter, a little nugget of importance breaks free and rises to the surface from hitherto obscurity.

Racial and inter-racial differences in work capacity.

Man's ability to perform his daily round of work is a complex matter and depends upon an optimal function of numerous organs and their integration. Intellectual ability, motivation and emotional stability play a great, and sometimes decisive, role in work performances.