Round Key Generation Research Articles

New Attacks on LowMC Using Partial Sets in the Single-Data Setting

The LowMC family of block ciphers was proposed by Albrecht et al. in Eurocrypt 2015, specifically targeting adoption in FHE and MPC applications due to its low multiplicative complexity. The construction operates a 3-bit quadratic S-box as the sole non-linear transformation in the algorithm. In contrast, both the linear layer and round key generation are achieved through multiplications of full rank matrices over GF(2). The cipher is instantiable using a diverse set of default configurations, some of which have partial non-linear layers i.e., in which the S-boxes are not applied over the entire internal state of the cipher. The significance of cryptanalysing LowMC was elevated by its inclusion into the NIST PQC digital signature scheme PICNIC in which a successful key recovery using a single plaintext/ciphertext pair is akin to retrieving the secret signing key. The current state-of-the-art attack in this setting is due to Dinur at Eurocrypt 2021, in which a novel way of enumerating roots of a Boolean system of equation is morphed into a key-recovery procedure that undercuts an ordinary exhaustive search in terms of time complexity for the variants of the cipher up to five rounds. In this work, we demonstrate that this technique can efficiently be enriched with a specific linearization strategy that reduces the algebraic degree of the non-linear layer as put forward by Banik et al. at IACR ToSC 2020(4). This amalgamation yields new attacks on certain instances of LowMC up to seven rounds.

A design of high-Speed SMS4 cipher circuit

SMS4 cipher algorithm is a commercial cipher independently developed by china. This paper proposes a circuit design of high-speed SMS4 cipher algorithm, which adopts two-dimensional expansion and key path optimization technology. The round key generation module runs synchronously with the encryption module, and the running round is constant, which can effectively resist the side channel attack. Using Xilinx artix-7 for synthesis, the results show that the design function is correct, and achieves the balance of computing speed and resource occupation.

An efficient data security mechanism with data sharing and authentication

In this paper an efficient security mechanism has been adopted for the cloud computing environment. It also provides an extendibility of cloud computing environment with big data and Internet of Things. AES-256 and RC6 with two round key generation have been applied for data and application security. Three-way security mechanism has been adopted and implemented. It is user to user (U to U) for data sharing and inter cloud communication. Then user to cloud (U to C) for data security management for application level hierarchy of cloud. Finally, cloud to user (C to U) for the cloud data protection. The security analysis has been tested with different iterations and rounds and it is found to be satisfactory.

A Novel Approach for a Multi-level Secure DNA Based Cryptographic Model

Information technology is growing day by day and security of information from unauthorized access is a major concern in today’s security requirements. Cryptography is the art of hiding secret message to a format called cipher text in which no person other than sender or receiver is able to decode it. We already proposed a method of DNA digital coding technology and this paper elaborates the detailed design, implementation and analysis of the model enhancing the message security. The crucial attraction of this extended paper is providing multi-level security of 3 levels with round key selection and message encryption in level 1 followed by 16×16 matrix manipulation using asymmetric key encryption in level 2 and shift operations in level 3. By using 16x16 expansion matrix as key, the scheme improves the independence and the strict avalanche effect without compromising complexity and size of the cipher text. Although this model increases the computation amount because of using the matrix operation, the round key generation ensures better and enhanced security of the secret message.

A joint encryption and error correction method used in satellite communications

Due to the ubiquitous open air links and complex electromagnetic environment in the satellite communications, how to ensure the security and reliability of the information through the satellite communications is an urgent problem. This paper combines the AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) with LDPC(Low Density Parity Check Code) to design a secure and reliable error correction method ? SEEC(Satellite Encryption and Error Correction). This method selects the LDPC codes, which is suitable for satellite communications, and uses the AES round key to control the encoding process, at the same time, proposes a new algorithm of round key generation. Based on a fairly good property in error correction in satellite communications, the method improves the security of the system, achieves a shorter key size, and then makes the key management easier. Eventually, the method shows a great error correction capability and encryption effect by the MATLAB simulation.

Improvement of the Round Key Generation of AES

The key generation algorithm of AES was introduced; the weaknesses of the key generation design of AES were investigated. According to the key demand put forward a kind of new design idea, and this designing strategy was developed, which can be used to improve the key generation algorithm of AES. An analysis shows that such improvement can enhance the safety of the original algorithm without reducing its efficiency.