Round Cut Research Articles

PERBANDINGAN HISTOLOGIS MIDGUT Aedes aegypti AKIBAT TEMEPHOS DAN EKSTRAK Citrus hystrix

There has been an increase in dengue cases (in 2022) with a total of 1,135 deaths, of which 73% were children aged 0-14 years, so the government is trying to eradicate dengue with a target of zero deaths by 2024. Temephos is reported to be resistant and another plant that has a larvicidal effect is the leaves of Citrus hystrix DC. This study aims to compare the histological features of the midgut larvae of Ae. aegypti round cut due to the effect of temephos and ethanol extract of C. hystrix leaves. Research method Post test only control group design. Samples of Ae. aegypti third instars were given C. hystrix leaf ethanol extract doses of 80 ppm, 400 ppm, 1500 ppm (LC 50%), distilled water (positive control) and temephos (negative control). At each given dose, there are 3 replications. After that, histopathological preparations were made and the epithelial length was measured (round body cross section). The results of the Mann Whitney test between the 1500 ppm dose group and the temephos group were p = 0.268 > 0.5. So it was concluded that there was no difference in the histological appearance of the midgut of Ae. aegypti round pieces due to the influence of temephos and ethanol extract of C. hystrix leaves at a dose of 1,500 ppm. Methanol extract of C. hystrix leaves causes changes in the histological appearance of the midgut of Ae. aegypti round pieces which increased with increasing concentration of the extract.

Modular, cement-free, customized headpost and connector-chamber implants for macaques

BackgroundNeurophysiological studies with awake macaques typically require chronic cranial implants. Headpost and connector-chamber implants are used to allow head stabilization and to house connectors of chronically implanted electrodes, respectively. New methodWe present long-lasting, modular, cement-free headpost implants made of titanium that consist of two pieces: a baseplate and a top part. The baseplate is implanted first, covered by muscle and skin and allowed to heal and osseointegrate for several weeks to months. The percutaneous part is added in a second, brief surgery. Using a punch tool, a perfectly round skin cut is achieved providing a tight fit around the implant without any sutures. We describe the design, planning and production of manually bent and CNC-milled baseplates. We also developed a remote headposting technique that increases handling safety. Finally, we present a modular, footless connector chamber that is implanted in a similar two-step approach and achieves a minimized footprint on the skull. ResultsTwelve adult male macaques were successfully implanted with a headpost and one with the connector chamber. To date, we report no implant failure, great headpost stability and implant condition, in four cases even more than 9 years post-implantation. Comparison with existing methodsThe methods presented here build on several related previous methods and provide additional refinements to further increase implant longevity and handling safety. ConclusionsOptimized implants can remain stable and healthy for at least 9 years and thereby exceed the typical experiment durations. This minimizes implant-related complications and corrective surgeries and thereby significantly improves animal welfare.

Effect of Proteolytic Enzymes (Bromelain and Papain) on Sensory and Chemical Quality of Sukuti (an Indigenous Dried Meat Product of Nepal)

The present work was undertaken to compare the effect of bromelain and papain on the sensory quality of sukuti (Nepalese indigenous dried buffalo meat). Buffalo lean meat (round cut) was purchased from the local market of Dharan and used for the preparation of sukuti after injection of 10% m/m enzyme (bromelain and papain) solution at the concentration (0-100 mg/L) and resting for 4h followed by drying at 65°C up to the moisture of 5%. The optimized concentration of each enzyme was selected by sensory evaluation based on color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The proximate composition, collagen content, and collagen solubility were studied for two optimized samples with enzyme treatment and control. The best tenderizing effect of papain and bromelain enzyme was found at 40 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively from the sensory analysis and the sensory attributes for these concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other samples. The soluble collagen content increased from 0.44 mg/g tissue in untreated meat to 0.52 for bromelain treated and to 0.98 mg/g for papain treated samples. The collagen solubility for the untreated sample was 4.74% which increases to 7.80% for bromelain and 13.82% for papain-treated samples. The protein content of optimized papain and bromelain treated samples was significantly decreased (p<0.05) from 82.44 to 80.25% and 81.43% respectively for papain and bromelain treated samples. There were no significant changes in fat, ash, and moisture on enzyme treatment.

Application of the Entropy Method and Color Difference Formula to the Evaluation of Round Brilliant Cut Diamond Scintillation

A modeling approach combining the entropy method and color difference formula is proposed in order to quantitatively evaluate diamond scintillation. The images of 66 diamonds were captured from 0° to 105° rotation at 15° intervals. The color difference of corresponding pixels in adjacent rotation angle images was calculated using a MatLab r2014a program, which indicated the diamond’s color change due to its scintillation. A threshold (10) was determined to divide the color difference into seven color difference intervals, the percentage of which indicated the color-change area. The color difference and the percentage were comprehensively analyzed using the entropy method to evaluate diamond scintillation objectively and quantitatively. Lightness was the main factor affecting the diamond scintillation while chroma and hue also significantly affected it.

Diamond Scintillation and Quality Evaluation

The quality of a diamond is not only affected by the 4Cs but also affected by fire and scintillation. The relationship between the color, clarity, fluorescence, and scintillation of a diamond is obtained by associating its scintillation area and gemological characteristics. Take images of 18 round bright cut diamonds in total, for each to rotate 30° to take one and get 12 images by rotating a circle. Rotate the images to the same angle, cut out the square image of 1000*1000 pixels, then calculate the color difference of the image of adjacent angles, and then judge whether scintillation occurs at each point to get the scintillation area of the diamond. The results showed that the lighter the color, the better the clarity and the weaker the fluorescence, then the larger the scintillation area and the more obvious the scintillation. This indicates that the scintillation area has a certain reference value for diamond quality evaluation.

Karakterisasi Umbi dan Pati Lima Kultivar Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta)

<em>The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition of tubers and cassava starch and cassava starch physical Masni District. This study consists of three (3) stages: preparation of materials and chemical characterization of fresh tubers, starch extraction and chemical and physical characterization of cassava. Extraction is done by using a 3:1 ratio of water and tubers. The results showed that the starch content of the fresh tubers ranged from 13.12% to 46.09% while the starch content of cassava starch between 81.40% to 89.55%. Amylose starch levels ranged from 12.28% to 27.38% while the amylopectin content ranged from 72.61% to 87.71%. Starch granule shape is round, round cut, elliptical with a size ranging between 5-25 ?m, the temperature ranges from 65-69<sup>o</sup>C gelatinization and power development starches ranged from 1.42 to 26.65.</em>

A Compact Antenna with WiMAX and WLAN bands notched for UWB applications

A Compact antenna with WiMAX and WLAN bands notched for ultra wide band (UWB) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna is designed for the planar ultra wide band (UWB) antenna and ultra wide band (UWB) antenna having two band rejections. The proposed antenna overall size is 30mm x 40mm x 1.6mm. The antenna consists of a rectangular patch on the top of FR4 substrate with 50ohm feed with defected ground structure. This patch consists of one round cut at each corner having radius 1.575mm. The simulated band width with return loss (RL) >=10db is 3.1 to 11.2 GHz with VSWR<2. It works for the applications of WiMAX system at 3.5GHz (3.3 – 3.7 GHz), C-band satellite communication (3.7 - 4.2 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) system at 5GHz (5.15 – 5.825 GHz), X-band satellite communication system (7.25 - 7.75 GHz). The ultra wide band frequency range for these wireless systems causes interference. To diminish obstruction, the band rejection is made. WiMAX and WLAN groups are dismissed by designing slots on the patch. This antenna has an incredible pick up in the Gain while a sharp drop in the rejected groups.

Methodology of the heat state control of junctions and units military technics by stationary assembly diagnostic devices

Solving of actual tasks of research and of the system of transmission information in the measuring of the temperature state of the moving object were developed methods of the contact thermometric for technical system which means in unmoving install of thermotransformer in the object, and transmission of information from moving to unmoving measure equipment happens by use of wire connection. There was developed scheme of learning of heat phenomenon that have a place in the process of mechanical dry friction-sliding of the elements of contact thermotransformer such as current survey devices and technical system sources, which is based on the statement of the non-stationary problem of heat conduction, that models the work of typical steam friction of fractional tribosystem in the shape of disc which has contact with stift (of rectangle or round cut).

Evaluation of the Digestibility of Korean Hanwoo Beef Cuts Using the in vitro Physicochemical Upper Gastrointestinal System.

The aim of this study was to investigate the digestibility of different Korean Hanwoo beef cuts using an in vitro digestion model, in vitro physicochemical upper gastrointestinal system (IPUGS). The four most commonly consumed cuts — tenderloin, sirloin, brisket and flank, and bottom round — were chosen for this study. Beef samples (75 g) were cooked and ingested into IPUGS, which was composed of mouth, esophagus, and stomach, thereby simulating the digestion conditions of humans. Digested samples were collected every 15 min for 4 h of simulation and their pH monitored. Samples were visualized under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine changes in the smoothness of the surface after digestion. Analysis of the amino acid composition and molecular weight (MW) of peptides was performed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Following proteolysis by the gastric pepsin, beef proteins were digested into peptides. The amount of peptides with higher MW decreased over the course of digestion. SEM results revealed that the surface of the digested samples became visibly smoother. Total indispensable and dispensable amino acids were the highest for the bottom round cut prior to digestion simulation. However, the total amount of indispensable amino acids were maximum for the tenderloin cut after digestion. These results may provide guidelines for the elderly population to choose easily digestible meat cuts and products to improve their nutritional and health status.

Proximate Composition and Thermal Properties of Fabricated Fresh Beef during Freezing

This study presented the effects of temperature and shape on the thermal properties of beef. Round cut of beef was fabricated into irregular, triangular, circular, and rectangular shapes which were subjected to different freezing temperatures of -13, -17, and -30℃. Specific heat, total heat transfer, density and proximate composition of each meat sample were determined after freezing. Total heat transfer among the shapes varied significantly (p<0.05), circular and rectangular shapes had the highest value of 0.460 KJ while triangular shapes had the least value of 0.431 KJ. Density and specific heat decreased significantly (p<0.05), with decrease in temperature, but total heat transfer increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in temperature from -13 to -30℃. It was observed that different fabricated beef shapes significantly (p<0.05) affected total heat transfer during freezing. Also, thermal properties of beef at freezing were found to be dependent on the freezing temperatures. Circular shaped meat samples had the best thermal property behaviour at -30℃. From the results of the study, it is evident that thermal properties of beef perform better at lower freezing temperatures.

Calculation of displacements in a viscoelastic square plate with a round cut

Calculation of the strained state of structures made of anisotropic viscoelastic materials under the influence of temperatures is reduced to the calculation of the strained state of structures made of elastic materials on the basis of the conformity principle developed earlier. A method of calculating the strained state of non-uniform anisotropic structures of an arbitrary shape in the case of their static loading under the influence of temperatures has been developed on the basis of this principle. Displacements caused by the influence of external variable pressure and variable temperature field inside a steel square plate with a round cut are calculated. The problem of linear incoherent thermoviscoelasticity selected as a model provides a strict analytical solution, convenient for the analysis of steel parts in different operation modes.

Men in Papua New Guinea accurately report their circumcision status.

BackgroundMale circumcision (MC) is a well-established component of HIV prevention in countries with high HIV prevalence and heterosexually driven epidemics. Delivery and monitoring of MC programs are reliant on good quality MC data. Such data are often generated through self-reported MC status surveys. This study examined self-reported MC status in comparison with genital photographs from men in Papua New Guinea (PNG).MethodsThis retrospective non-interventional study collated self-reported MC status data from the ‘acceptability and feasibility of MC’ study at 4 sites in PNG during 2010–2011. Participants reported their MC status based on an 8-category photographic classification covering the range of foreskin cutting practices in PNG. Genital photographs of 222 participants from this study were independently classified by 2 investigators. The 8-category photographic classification was simplified into a 3 category classification of ‘no cut’, ‘straight cut’ and ‘round cut’ before comparing for agreement between self-reporting and investigator assessment using Cohen’s Kappa measure.ResultsUsing the 3-category classification, there was 90.6% (201/222) agreement between self-assessment and investigator classification (κ value 0.805). Of the discordant 9.4% (21/222), 3.6% (8/222) self-classified as having a cut foreskin (5 straight cut; 3 round cut) while investigators classified as having no cut; 4.1% (9/222) self-classified as having no cut while investigators classified them as having had a cut (6 straight cut; 3 round cut) and 1.8% (4/222) self-classified as having a round cut while investigators classified as having a straight cut. Given the great variety of foreskin cutting practices and appearances, feasible explanations are suggested for two-thirds (13/21) of these discordant results.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a high level of agreement between self-reporting and investigator assessment of MC status in PNG and suggests self-reporting of MC status to be highly reliable among men in PNG.

Round brilliant cut으로 연마한 diamond의 등급별 허용 오차와 proportions에 관한 광학적 영향력 분석

다이아몬드는 원석의 형태가 불규칙하고 견고하더라도 보석으로 쉽게 가공될 수 있으며, 등급 평가에 영향력을 나타내는 테이블, 크라운, 퍼빌리언, 거들면을 정밀하게 측정하였다. Round Brilliant Cut Diamond의 표준 연마에 적합한 규격을 조사하였고, 통계적(95 %) 신뢰 구간으로 표준편차, 평균, 허용 오차를 검토하였다. 측정된 크기, 각도, 깊이, 두께의 변수들이 나타내는 분포에 따라, 커팅 등급의 빈도 분석과 프로포션을 비교하였다. 각 변수간의 상관관계와 프로포션에 나타난 영향력의 근거는 LSM(Least Square Method)을 적용한 회귀 분석으로 결정하였다. 본 논문에서, 다이아몬드의 테이블 크기와 퍼빌리언 깊이 퍼센트가 등급 결정에 많은 영향을 미치고, 특히, 퍼빌리언 깊이는 프로포션과 관련하는 주요 원인으로 광학 현상에도 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Even though a rough diamond shape is irregular and rugged, it is easy to be processed to make gem, shaped facets (table, crown, pavilion and girdle) were precisely treated because they influence on the evaluation of diamond grading. Those specifications suitable for the standard round brilliant cut diamond polishing were investigated and in 95 % statistical confidence interval, standard deviation, mean and acceptable tolerance were examined. According to these variables (size, angle, depth, and thickness) distribution, the frequency analysis of ratings and proportions were compared with each other. The correlation between each variables and the evidence of influence represented in proportion were determined by the regression analysis applying LSM (Least Square Method). In this research, it was recognized that table sizes of the diamond jewels and pavilion depth (in %) influence the rating decision and in particular, the depth of pavilion acting as the main factor of proportions, also plays an important role in optical phenomena.

Gia's Symmetry Grading Boundaries For Round Brilliant Cut Diamonds

Gia's Symmetry Grading Boundaries For Round Brilliant Cut Diamonds

Co와 Ce를 첨가한 큐빅지르코니아(YSZ) 단결정의 이온화에너지 및 격자상수

Co-(0.5 mol%) and Ce-(0~0.3 mol%) doped cubic zirconia (ZrO :Y O = 64 : 36 mol%) single crystals grown by a skull melting method were heat-treated in N at 1200 C for 3 hrs. The brown-colored as-grown single crystals were changed into either green or blue color after the heat treatment. Before and after the heat treatment, the YSZ (yttria- stabilized zirconia) single crystals were cut for wafer form (φ7 mm × t2 mm) and round brilliant cut (φ12 mm). The optical and structural properties were examined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction. Absorption by Ce ( F (4f) → T (5d )), Co ( A ( F) → T ( F) or T ( P)) and Co , change of ionization energy and lattice parameter were confirmed.

Optimizing the cut in Mohs' micrographic surgery in regard to skin sparing and microscopic view: is a round incision cut necessary?

Saucer incision is the common cut in Mohs' micrographic surgery. To date no proof as to the superiority of this cut over other patterns has been presented. In this work we examine the round pattern aspect of the saucer incision and answer two questions: does the round cut provide the best skin-sparing pattern? And, does it provide the best microscopic view? A two-dimensional geometric analysis is used to determine whether a round incision is optimal from the standpoint of skin sparing and microscopic view. Mohs' micrographic surgery views are used to back up the geometric hypothesis. The result is that the round incision pattern is skin-wasteful compared to an incision that follows the cancerous lesion. In the lesion presented here the two cuts have a ratio of 1.5 between the two excised skin areas, indicating a waste of healthy skin of 50%. It is also shown that specimens with a pointed edge provide better layer projection. The conclusion is that a tailored cut following the lesion pattern is the optimal Mohs' incision. Therefore in the first stage of Mohs' micrographic surgery the skin cut should replicate the lesion pattern instead of a round saucer cut. Though many Mohs' surgeons already implement this philosophy, in the literature the saucer incision recommended by Dr. Frederic Mohs' remains the norm.

A Foundation for Grading the Overall Cut Quality of Round Brilliant Cut Diamonds

The GIA diamond cut grading system described here includes the components of brightness, fire, scintillation, polish, and symmetry, as well as weight and durability concerns, into a single overall grade for cut quality for standard round brilliants.

Electron microscopy of the epithelial flap created by ethanol treatment in the rabbit corneal epithelium

Purpose To assess the effect of corneal debridement with 25% ethanol on rabbit corneal epithelium by electron microscopy. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Methods Rabbit corneas were deepithelialized by applying 25% ethanol for 3 minutes, and a hinged epithelial flap was created and repositioned. Ten corneas were evaluated immediately after the epithelial debridement procedure and at 1, 3, and 7 days. Histological changes were evaluated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results Corneas treated with ethanol showed a decrease in microvilli, breaks in intercellular junctions, epithelial cell edema, and damage in basement membrane hemidesmosomes. These toxic changes recovered to an almost normal appearance after 24 hours and rapidly improved over the following week. An increase in desquamated cells was observed after debridement; this returned to normal after 1 week according to the normal cellular cycle. Wing cells showed no damage at any stage. Conclusions Although ethanol appeared to have a toxic effect on rabbit epithelial cells, the effect did not persist over time. The first signs of recovery were observed 24 hours after debridement, and full recovery was observed over the following week. The ethanol path to the central basement membrane appeared to be centripetally from a round cut through the basement membrane, leaving the wing cells intact.

Modeling the Appearance of the Round Brilliant Cut Diamond: An Analysis of Fire, and More About Brilliance

Modeling the Appearance of the Round Brilliant Cut Diamond: An Analysis of Fire, and More About Brilliance

Modeling the Appearance of the Round Brilliant Cut Diamond: An Analysis of Brilliance

Of the “four C’s,”cut has historically been the most complex to understand and assess. This article presents a three-dimensional mathematical model to study the interaction of light with a fully faceted, colorless, symmetrical roundbrilliant-cut diamond. With this model, one can analyze how various appearance factors (brilliance, fire, and scintillation) depend on proportions. The model generates images and a numerical measurement of the optical efficiency of the round brilliant—called weighted light return (WLR)—which approximates overall brilliance. This article examines how WLR values change with variations in cut proportions, in particular crown angle, pavilion angle, and table size. The results of this study suggest that there are many combinations of proportions with equal or higher WLR than “Ideal” cuts. In addition, they do not support analyzing cut by examining each proportion parameter independently. However, because brilliance is just one aspect of the appearance of a faceted diamond, ongoing research will investigate the added effects of fire and scintillation.