Rough Skin Texture Research Articles

Skin rejuvenation effect of the combined PDLLA and non cross-linked hyaluronic acid: A preliminary study.

Skin aging is characterized by wrinkles, rough skin texture, pigmentation, facial erythema, and telangiectasia through structural and functional changes in the epidermis and dermis. Recently, injectable poly(D, L-lactic acid), a biodegradable polymer, has been used widely for skin rejuvenation. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of injectable dermal poly D, L-lactic acid) for skin rejuvenation. A total of 16 patients who desired skin rejuvenation were included. All participants received two or three procedure sessions with a 4 weeks interval between sessions. Clinical and three-dimensional images at baseline, before each procedural session, and follow-up visits were obtained. Therapeutic effects were assessed by evaluating signs of aging skin and overall improvement by dermatologists and patients. Histologic examinations with special stains were performed on the posterior auricular areas of consenting patients at baseline and follow-up visits after injecting poly D L-lactic acid into the postauricular area as in the face. Overall, statistically significant differences were observed in all signs of aging skin, such as fine wrinkles, skin texture, irregular pigmentation, telangiectasia, and facial erythema before and after treatments. Half (50%) of patients responded that there was more than 50% overall improvement. There were no severe adverse events. Histologic examination demonstrated increases in collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. Results of this preliminary study suggest that injectable dermal poly D, L-lactic acid can significantly affect skin rejuvenation without causing any serious adverse events.

Protective Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis MG741 as Probiotics against UVB-Exposed Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice.

Skin photoaging, which causes wrinkles, increased epidermal thickness, and rough skin texture, is induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. These symptoms by skin photoaging have been reported to be involved in the reduction of collagen by the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). This study investigated the protective effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MG741 (Bi. lactis MG741) in Hs-68 fibroblasts and hairless mice (HR-1) following UVB exposure. We demonstrated that the Bi. lactis MG741 reduces wrinkles and skin thickness by downregulating MMP-1 and MMP-3, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-FOS in fibroblasts and HR-1. Additionally, in UVB-irradiated dorsal skin of HR-1, Bi. lactis MG741 inhibits the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), an inflammation-related factor. Thus, Bi. lactis MG741 has the potential to prevent wrinkles and skin inflammation by modulating skin photoaging markers.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of different dilutions of Mesobotox in Mid and / or lower face rejuvenation: Interventional study

Abstract As life expectancy has prolonged nowadays, interest has increased to change patterns of life, which include improving the consequences of skin ageing through slowing the ageing process. There are two main processes of skin ageing either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic ageing reflects genetic background in which skin appears thin with exaggerated expression lines. However, extrinsic ageing is caused by external factors such as smoking, excessive use of alcohol, poor nutrition and sun exposure. Extrinsically aged skin appears predominantly not only by wrinkles, but also by pigmented lesions such as freckles, lentigines and patchy hyperpigmentation, and depigmented lesions such as guttate hypomelanosis. Epidermal and dermal atrophy, rough skin texture, flushing, erythema, telangiectasias, dilated pores and loss of tone and elasticity are also other signs of skin aging. Over the past few years, the use of Mesobotox has broadened and it is now commonly used as rejuvenation procedure with different dilutions. Our work aimed to compare between three commonly used dilutions of Mesobotox regarding its efficacy and safety, as this comparison was not done previously. Aim of the study The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare between different dilutions of Mesobotox in mid and / or lower facial rejuvenation. Patients and methods We included 30 patients complaining of facial wrinkles. Patients were divided into three equal groups to study three different dilutions of Mesobotox 1:5, 1:7 and 1:10. Assessment of treatment response was done using 3D Antera camera. Results Assessment of treatment response using Antera camera in 1:5 dilution revealed statistically significant improvement in all the parameters (periorbital and midface) with more evident improvement after 1 month of treatment compared to after 6 months of treatment. With 1:7 dilution and 1:10 dilution, response revealed statistically significant improvement in most of the parameters (periorbital and midface) with more evident improvement after 1 month of treatment compared to after 6 months of treatment.

Investigating the 2017 Erratic Fishkill Episode in the Jhelum River, Kashmir Himalaya

Globally, the frequency of fishkill episodes is increasing, owing to natural and human-induced modification of aquatic ecosystems. A massive fishkill took place on 22 October 2017 along an approximately 1.5 km stretch of the Jhelum River in Srinagar City, India. Thousands of fish died during this specific event, not lasting more than three hours, creating chaos and panic among the local population and government circles. In this context, affected fish were assessed for three morphological parameters, which include skin color, eye appearance, and skin texture. To back our findings, three critical water-quality parameters, including pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen essential for the survival of fishes were assessed in the affected river stretch. This study assumes importance given that water-quality observation stations for monitoring the health of the Jhelum River are lacking in the highly urbanized Srinagar City. The morphological examination of fish samples revealed discoloration, bulging eyes, and rough skin texture, indicating chemical contamination of waters in the affected river stretch. The water quality analysis revealed neutral pH (7.2), normal temperature (15.6 °C), and mildly depleted dissolved oxygen (6 mg L−1) levels. While the morphological examination of the affected fish indicated chemical contamination, the physicochemical parameters exhibited a typical scenario of river water. For avoiding any such further incident and to precisely ascertain the cause of such fishkill episodes in future, it is suggested that a few continuous water-quality monitoring sites along Jhelum River should be set up, supplemented with robust ecological modeling simulations.

558 Negative effect of blue light and potential impacts on the dermis

Premature skin aging evidenced by a rough skin texture and wrinkles is known to be driven by external factors, mainly by sunlight and in particular UV radiation including UVB (280-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm). However, recent advance highlighted the role of visible light and especially the blue light part (400-500nm) in skin aging. As the blue light is the highest energetic wavelength of the visible light, it penetrates deeper into the skin and damages the skin by inducing oxidative stress and production of proteases which degrade the extracellular matrix of the dermis. We first investigated the negative effects of the blue light in human dermis through the evaluation of MMP1 by immunostaining and image analysis on living skin biopsies exposed to blue light irradiation (peak at 250 nm-85 J/cm2). We further evaluated the blue light preventive effect of a botanical extract selected for its ability to prevent UVB induced oxidative damages by promoting DNA repair system (XPC, DDB2 & POLH) to reduce DNA damages (CPD) and decreasing inflammation (IL1a, PGE2 & LDH). The ingredient was topically applied at 2 mg/cm2 for 4 days before blue light irradiation. We demonstrated that the blue light significantly increases MMP-1 level by 24%, (p<0.001). The plant extract was able to significantly decrease by 43% this MMP-1 induced level (p<0.001 versus blue light control) and could protect collagen fibers from the deleterious effect of blue light. As blue light comes from the visible light spectrum of the sun, but its exposure is accentuated by increasing use of artificial sources of light including electronic devices such as cell phone and laptop computers or LEDs from modern habits, it is important to also take into consideration the role of the blue light exposure on skin premature aging to deliver efficient antiaging skin care protection.

729 Evaluation of negative effect of blue light on human skin and potential impacts on the dermi

Premature skin aging evidenced by a rough skin texture and wrinkles is known to be driven by external factors, mainly by sunlight and in particular UV radiation including UVB (280-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm). However, recent advance highlighted the role of visible light and especially the blue light part (400-500nm) in skin aging. As the blue light is the highest energetic wavelength of the visible light, it penetrates deeper into the skin and damages the skin by inducing oxidative stress and production of proteases which degrade the extracellular matrix of the dermis. We first investigated the negative effects of the blue light in human dermis through the evaluation of MMP1 by immunostaining and image analysis on living skin biopsies exposed to blue light irradiation (peak at 250 nm-85 J/cm2). We further evaluated the blue light preventive effect of a botanical extract selected for its ability to prevent UVB induced oxidative damages by promoting DNA repair system (XPC, DDB2 & POLH) to reduce DNA damages (CPD) and decreasing inflammation (IL1a, PGE2 & LDH). The ingredient was topically applied at 2 mg/cm2 for 4 days before blue light irradiation. We demonstrated that the blue light significantly increases MMP-1 level by 24%, (p<0.001). The plant extract was able to significantly decrease by 43% this MMP-1 induced level (p<0.001 versus blue light control) and could protect collagen fibers from the deleterious effect of blue light. As blue light comes from the visible light spectrum of the sun, but its exposure is accentuated by increasing use of artificial sources of light including electronic devices such as cell phone and laptop computers or LEDs from modern habits, it is important to also take into consideration the role of the blue light exposure on skin premature aging to deliver efficient antiaging skin care protection.

In vitro techniques to assess the proficiency of skin care cosmetic formulations

Cosmetics comprising either natural or synthetic components are used almost regularly and universally in different forms to enhance the beauty. The utmost disclosure of human membrane to sunlight and environmental pollution results in the exhibition of free radical, that react with deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins and fatty acids, causation oxidative destruction dysfunction of the antioxidant system. In skin, the formation of reactive oxygen species leads to skin diseases, predominantly cutaneous malignancies, immunosuppression, wrinkles, aging, etc., The human organism fosters a barrier practice against the destructive action of free radicals, comprising mostly of vitamins, carotenoids and enzymes. Cosmetic products are the best option to reduce skin disorders such as hyper pigmentation, skin aging, skin wrinkling and rough skin texture, etc., Hence in this review, we conferred various in vitro methods that are used for the development of novel cosmetic formulation. There is an expanding fascinate employing in vitro techniques because they are less time consuming, more cost-effective and lessen the participation of human volunteers.

Transcriptomic profiling of heat-stress response in potato periderm

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) periderm is composed of the meristematic phellogen that gives rise to an external layer of suberized phellem cells (the skin) and the internal parenchyma-like phelloderm. The continuous addition of new skin layers and the sloughing of old surface layers during tuber maturation results in smooth, shiny skin. However, smooth-skin varieties frequently develop unsightly russeting in response to high soil temperatures. Microscopic observation of microtubers exposed to high temperatures (37 degrees C) suggested heat-enhanced development and accumulation of suberized skin-cell layers. To identify the genes involved in the periderm response to heat stress, skin and phelloderm samples collected separately from immature tubers exposed to high soil temperatures (33 degrees C) and controls were subjected to transcriptome profiling using a potato cDNA array. As expected, the major functional group that was differentially expressed in both skin and phelloderm consisted of stress-related genes; however, while the major up-regulated phelloderm genes coded for heat-shock proteins, many of the skin's most up-regulated sequences were similar to genes involved in the development of protective/symbiotic membranes during plant-microbe interactions. The primary activities regulated by differentially expressed peridermal transcription factors were response to stress (33%) and cell proliferation and differentiation (28%), possibly reflecting the major processes occurring in the heat-treated periderm and implying the integrated activity of the stress response and tissue development. Accumulating data suggest that the periderm, a defensive tissue, responds to heat stress by enhancing the production and accumulation of periderm/skin layers to create a thick protective cover. Skin russeting may be an indirect outcome; upon continued expansion of the tuber, the inflexible skin cracks while new layers are produced below it, resulting in a rough skin texture.

A Prospective Controlled Assessment of Microdermabrasion for Damaged Skin and Fine Rhytides

Aged skin is characterized by rhytides but also by epidermal and dermal atrophy, rough skin texture, irregular pigmentation, telangiectasias, and laxity. Microdermabrasion is an office-based mechanical resurfacing technique alternative to traditional dermabrasion. It has been used in Europe since 1992 with great acceptance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and quantify the degree of visible improvement in photodamaged skin and fine rhytides following a series of microdermabrasion treatments. A single operator treated 20 patients with varying degrees of photodamage and rhytides with a series of eight microdermabrasion treatments at 1-week intervals; 17 subjects completed the entire study protocol. Standardized photographic documentation was performed before and after each treatment, and a survey questionnaire was completed by each subject. Punch biopsy specimens (3 mm) were collected on treated and matched nontreated control sites and evaluated for histological characteristics. Preprocedure and postprocedure photographs were rated on a 5-point scale by independent blinded observers. A total of 30 blinded observers (16 plastic surgeons and 14 laypersons) rated all photographs. The results showed that all observers rated a significant improvement of hyperchromic discoloration (p = 0.004), while only nonmedical observers observed improvement in fine rhytides. All patients were very satisfied with the results. Common side effects were mild to moderate discomfort occurring on bony areas during the treatment and an itching and tingling sensation for 2 days after treatment. No infections or scars were observed postoperatively. The average epidermal thickness in the untreated samples was 103 +/- 23 microM (mean +/- SD) before treatment compared with 148 +/- 41 microM after treatment (p < 0.001). Histologic analysis of the matched punch biopsy specimens showed an increase in organized collagen in treated versus nontreated sites. Treatment of aged skin using a series of microdermabrasion treatments is an effective, noninvasive method of skin rejuvenation with minimal risk and patient downtime. It is safe and improves skin quality by minimizing certain hyperchromic pigmentations.

Noninvasive rejuvenation of photodamaged skin using serial, full-face intense pulsed light treatments.

Photodamaged skin is characterized not only by rhytides, but also by epidermal and dermal atrophy, rough skin texture, irregular pigmentation, telangiectasias, laxity, and enlarged pores. There is growing interest in the development of noninvasive methods to treat photodamaged skin. Skin photorejuvenation is the visible improvement of photodamaged skin using a laser or other light source. A noncoherent, broadband, pulsed light source is effective in the treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions of the skin. This study evaluates the role of intense pulsed light in the rejuvenation of photo aged skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and quantify the degree of visible improvement in photodamaged skin following a series of full-face, intense pulsed light treatments. Forty-nine subjects with varying degrees of photo-damage were treated with a series of four or more full-face treatments at 3-week intervals using a nonablative, nonlaser intense pulsed visible light source. Fluences varied from 30 to 50 J/cm2. Subject evaluation and skin biopsies were used to assess treatment results. All aspects of photodamage including wrinkling, skin coarseness, irregular pigmentation, pore size, and telangiectasias showed visible improvement in more than 90% of subjects with minimal downtime and no scarring. Eighty-eight percent of subjects were satisfied with the overall results of their treatments. Treatment of photodamaged facial skin using a series of full-face treatments with intense pulsed light is a new and effective noninvasive method of skin rejuvenation with minimal risk and no patient downtime.