Rotten Meat Research Articles

Rhodamine 6G-conjugated β-cyclodextrin as a novel fluorescence sensor for meat spoilage detection

Meats are abundant in proteins and a variety of lipids that are essential for the human body. Nevertheless, they are susceptible to enzymatic reactions and bacterial microorganisms during various processes, which can result in food deterioration. This study endeavors to create an ammonia-sensitive sensor for the detection of meat decomposition by rhodamine 6G fluorophore and β-cyclodextrin which are joined together via a Schiff-base reaction, in recognition of the significance of appropriate food monitoring. The rhodamine 6G and β-cyclodextrin-based sensor (R6GBCD) was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The R6GBCD sensor showed a pH-dependent fluorescent properties and also selective responsivity to ammonia. The sensor demonstrated its capability to detect ammonia and generate yellow fluorescence, enabling it to identify rotting meat. As a result, it shows great promise as a mean of verifying the safety of food.

Real-time Sorting of Broiler Chicken Meat with Robotic arm: XAI-enhanced Deep Learning and LIME Framework for Freshness Detection

Ensuring food safety in poultry processing is crucial due to the risk of contamination, which can lead to health hazards. Traditional methods for sorting chicken meat based on freshness are often manual and prone to error, necessitating the development of an automated, accurate sorting system. This research focuses on integrating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of sorting broiler chicken meat into fresh and rotten categories. This study employed the InceptionV3 CNN model combined with LIME for transparent decision-making. The model was trained and tested on a dataset of chicken meat images to guide a robotic arm for real-time sorting. The system achieved an impressive sorting accuracy of 96.3 %, outperforming traditional manual methods. With the guidance of the CNN-LIME integration, the robotic arm successfully processed 1000 samples of fresh and 300 samples of rotten chicken meat, achieving a precision of 94.19% for fresh meat and 97.24% for rotten meat. This integration significantly improved sorting accuracy and efficiency in poultry processing, providing a reliable method for distinguishing between fresh and rotten chicken meat. This system improves food safety and operational efficiency in automated food processing. It shows the effectiveness of combining explainable AI with robotics, reducing human exposure to harmful contaminants ethically. It also contributes to public health by ensuring safer food products. This research presents a new approach to automated food sorting by integrating CNNs with LIME for transparency and accuracy. This can be beneficial for food processing industries and researchers in the field of AI and robotics.

Exploring Life History Choices: Using Temperature and Substrate Type as Interacting Factors for Blowfly Larval and Female Preferences.

Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) present a wide range of larval lifestyles, typically classified as obligate parasitism, facultative parasitism, and complete sapro-necrophagy. Several parasitic species, both obligate and facultative, are considered to be of sanitary and economic importance, as their larvae can cause myiasis (maggot infestation in live tissue). However, it is noteworthy that the adult female plays a decisive role as she chooses the oviposition site, and, therefore, largely determines the feeding habit and developmental conditions of the larvae. In this study, two protocols are proposed to test larval feeding preference and female oviposition site preference considering two interacting factors: meat substrate type and temperature. The setups presented here allowed to test Lucilia cuprina larvae and gravid females in a four-choice assay with two temperatures (33 ± 2 °C and 25 ± 2 °C) and two types of meat substrates (fresh meat supplemented with blood and 5-day-old rotten meat). Larvae or gravid females can choose to burrow or lay their eggs, respectively, in either of the following: rotten meat at 25 °C (simulating a necrophagous species condition), fresh meat supplemented with blood at 33 °C (simulating a parasitic species condition), and two controls, rotten meat at 33 °C, or fresh meat supplemented with blood at 25 °C. The preference is assessed by counting the number of larvae or eggs laid in each option for each replicate. Comparing the observed results to a random distribution allowed for the estimation of the statistical significance of the preference. The results indicated that L. cuprina larvae have a strong preference for the rotten substrate at 25 °C. Conversely, oviposition-site preference by females was more varied for the meat type. This methodology can be adapted to test the preference of other insect species of similar size. Other questions can also be explored by using alternative conditions.

Recent progresses in metal oxide gas sensors for food freshness monitoring

As the growing demand for fresh and safe food continues, the development of reliable, low-cost, and time-saving methods for freshness investigation becomes increasingly important. Metal oxide gas sensors, which offer distinctive advantages such as high gas response, reversible reaction, and cost-effectiveness, represent valuable tools for monitoring food freshness to avoid rotten meat, spoiled fish, and over-ripened fruit. This paper reviews the recent developments in metal oxide gas sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of food freshness marker gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, trimethylamine, and ethylene. Key approaches include the use of thermal activation, the utilization of chemical affinity between analyte gases and sensing materials, and bilayer structures with catalytic overlayers. Overall, the development of such advanced gas sensors has the potential to greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of food freshness monitoring, making it more accessible and convenient for food producers and consumers.

Survey of conceptual and taxonomic characteristics of the Families Acartophthalmidae, Canacidae and Carnidae (Insecta: Diptera)

The Acartophthalmidae family includes tiny to small dark flies with hyaline or infuscate wings along the coast. Adults live in the forest, where they are associated with decaying substances such as wood, fungi, carrion, excrement and rotten meat. The Canacidae are found along the sea coasts, on the surface of small bodies of water, saline and fresh, in places protected from the wind. They feed on infusoria and other tiny organisms. In Carnidae, the larvae are saprophagous or coprophagous (they live in the litter of birds' nests). Pupae are enclosed within a puparium and bird nests are micro-ecosystems with diverse communities of invertebrates, from ectoparasitoids to commensal species. The objective of this manuscript was to carry out a survey of the Families Acartophthalmidae, Canacidae and Carnidae regarding their biology, ecology, geographic distribution, and taxonomy. The systematized bibliographic study, of the descriptive and exploratory type of the Families Acartophthalmidae and Canacidae. The bibliographic search included the LILACS databases at: http://www.bireme.br/, in electronic journals available at the SciELO and USP databases: http: //www.usp.br/ and in theoretical books, these banks, university dissertations, national and international scientific articles, scientific journals, documents. The main terms used were: Diptera, flies, Acartophthalmidae, Canacidae and Carnidae.

Application of Meat Post-Harvest Technology By The Housewife Group In Kendari City

Community service aims to provide a comprehensive understanding for the housewife group in Gunungjati Sub-District around Kendari City Market regarding the management of healthy food and livestock products. This activity is expected to provide knowledge and skills related to fresh meat and its processing to obtain food diversification, increase nutritional value, longer shelf life, and added economic value. The method used was training and direct demonstration related to fresh, preserved, and rotten meat as well as the processing of nuggets and sausage. Various meats can be used to make nuggets and sausages such as chicken, beef and buffalo meat. Training materials were related to the importance of consuming fresh meat, the importance of choosing uncontaminated meat with preservatives, and processed livestock products in the form of nuggets and sausages with benefits for human health and can be a source of family income. This activity has a positive impact to make people creative with meat-based ingredients and motivates them to create a business field. The types of meat that have been used for the development of sausage and nugget products are beef, rejected chicken meat and broiler chicken meat

Young Women and Disgust in Contemporary Norwegian Comics: A Close Reading of Ane Barstad Solvang's Frykt & medlidenhet

Young Women and Disgust in Contemporary Norwegian Comics: A Close Reading of Ane Barstad Solvang's <i>Frykt</i> &amp; <i>medlidenhet</i>

Response Characteristics of Sensor Array of Fresh Meat Detection Circuit using Conducting Polymer Sensor

Consumption of meat is needed by society. The meat needed is of course fresh and quality meat. However, the quality of meat sold in the community varies greatly. Fresh and quality meat is meat that is odorless, not slimy, does not change color in certain areas. Meat that is not fresh and not of good quality is smelly meat. The odor is described as a fishy smell, a foul smell, contains sulfur and smells like ammonia. Because it is dangerous to consume rotten meat, it is necessary to have an automatic meat detection device so that it can ensure the meat is fresh and of good quality. This tool replaces the human nose with an odor sensor as a bad smell detector.

The Complete Genome Sequence of Amorphophallus titanum, the Corpse Flower.

The Corpse Flower, or Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum) is a flowering plant in the family Araceae. endemic to a limited range in the rainforests of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is notable for two reasons: it produces the world's largest known unbranched flower, and it produces a strong odor of rotting meat to attract pollinators. We present the whole genome sequence of this species. A total of 335,712,220 paired-end Illumina reads consisting of 100.7G bases were obtained by Illumina sequencing the leaf tissue of a single individual. The reads were assembled by a de novo method followed by contig extension using related species as references. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via Genbank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR11565159) and genome assembly (GCA_024336825).

A novel colorimetric sensor array for real-time and on-site monitoring of meat freshness.

Food quality control is essential in industry and daily life. In this work, we developed a novel colorimetric sensor array composed of several pH-sensitive dyes for monitoring meat freshness. A color change in the sensor array was seen after exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the images were captured for precise quantification of the VOCs. In conjunction with pattern recognition, meat freshness at different storage periods was readily discerned, revealing that the as-fabricated colorimetric sensor array possessed excellent discrimination ability. The linear range for quantitative analysis of volatiles related to meat spoilage was from 5 ppm to 100 ppm, with a limit of detection at the ppb level (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the testing results obtained by the sensor in assessing meat freshness were validated by a standard method for measuring the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). The sensing signals showed good agreement with the results obtained in TVB-N when measuring real food samples. The sensor also displayed good reproducibility (RSD < 5%) and long-term stability. The sensor was successfully used for on-site and real-time determination of volatiles emitted from rotting meat, demonstrating its potential application in monitoring the quality and safety of meat products.

Colorizing Grayscale CT images of human lungs using deep learning methods

Image colorization refers to computer-aided rendering technology which transfers colors from a reference color image to grayscale images or video frames. Deep learning elevated notably in the field of image colorization in the past years. In this paper, we formulate image colorization methods relying on exemplar colorization and automatic colorization, respectively. For hybrid colorization, we select appropriate reference images to colorize the grayscale CT images. The colours of meat resemble those of human lungs, so the images of fresh pork, lamb, beef, and even rotten meat are collected as our dataset for model training. Three sets of training data consisting of meat images are analysed to extract the pixelar features for colorizing lung CT images by using an automatic approach. Pertaining to the results, we consider numerous methods (i.e., loss functions, visual analysis, PSNR, and SSIM) to evaluate the proposed deep learning models. Moreover, compared with other methods of colorizing lung CT images, the results of rendering the images by using deep learning methods are significantly genuine and promising. The metrics for measuring image similarity such as SSIM and PSNR have satisfactory performance, up to 0.55 and 28.0, respectively. Additionally, the methods may provide novel ideas for rendering grayscale X-ray images in airports, ferries, and railway stations.

Detection of Species Substitution in the Meat Value Chain by High-Resolution Melting Analysis of Mitochondrial PCR Products.

Substituting high commercial-value meats with similar cheaper or undesirable species is a common form of food fraud that raises ethical, religious, and dietary concerns. Measures to monitor meat substitution are being put in place in many developed countries. However, information about similar efforts in sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. We used PCR coupled with high-resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis targeting three mitochondrial genes—cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1), cytochrome b (cyt b), and 16S rRNA—to detect species substitution in meat sold to consumers in Nairobi, Kenya. Out of 107 meat samples representing seven livestock animals, 11 (10.3%) had been substituted, with the highest rate being observed in samples sold as goat. Our results indicate that PCR-HRM analysis is a cost- and time-effective technique that can be employed to detect species substitution. The combined use of the three mitochondrial markers produced PCR-HRM profiles that successfully allowed for the consistent distinction of species in the analysis of raw, cooked, dried, and rotten meat samples, as well as of meat admixtures. We propose that this approach has broad applications in the protection of consumers against food fraud in the meat industry in low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya, as well as in developed countries.

Electrical gas sensors for meat freshness assessment and quality monitoring: A review

The simple methods for Freshness assessment have been gained attention in the last years, mainly in case of highly perishable food products as those delivered by the meat sector . Furthermore, the growing demand for fresh and safe food makes the development of reliable, low-cost and time-saving methods for freshness investigation an important need. In this context, gas sensors represent a valuable tool to food freshness and quality monitoring , avoiding the supply and consumption of rotten meat products, which may be associated with foodborne diseases. The present work gives an overview of the existing gas sensors applied to meat quality monitoring, with emphasis on a particular class of gas sensors, the electrical gas sensors . This type of sensors has been shown to have a promissory interface with wireless technologies, such as the existing NFC (near field communication) and RFID (radio frequency identification) sensor tags, which may lead to meat quality and safety assurance at consumers’ level. The presented literature studies demonstrated that the electrical properties of different materials have been exploited for the development of gas sensors. The implementation of electrical gas sensors interfaced with wireless is a promising technology in the near future because of the possibility of a rapid and accessible meat quality monitoring. • Recent gas sensors applications and prospects for meat quality are reviewed. • Gas sensors for meat monitoring were summarized based on the transduction principle. • Electrical gas sensor (EGS) versatility in meat quality and freshness assessment. • EGS combined with wireless technologies has great potential for meat monitoring.

Design and Validation of Augmented Reality Stimuli for the Treatment of Cleaning Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Fear to contamination is an easy-to-provoke, intense, hard-to-control, and extraordinarily persistent fear. A worsening of preexisting psychiatric disorders was observed during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak, and several studies suggest that those with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) may be more affected than any other group of people. In the face of worsening OCD symptoms, there is a need for mental health professionals to provide the support needed not only to treat patients who still report symptoms, but also to improve relapse prevention. In this line, it is recommended to improve alternative strategies such as online consultations and digital psychiatry. The aim of this study is to develop augmented reality (AR) stimuli that are clinically relevant for patients with cleaning OCD and assess their efficiency to obtain emotionally significant responses. Four AR stimuli were developed: a plastic bag full of garbage, a piece of bread with mold, a dirty sports shoe, and a piece of rotten meat. All stimuli were shown to a clinical group (17 patients with cleaning OCD) and a control group (11 patients without OCD). Relevant results were the design of the AR stimuli. These stimuli were validated with the statistical difference in perceived anxiety in the meat stimuli between the clinical and control groups. Nevertheless, when looking at effect sizes, all stimuli present effect sizes from small (plastic bag) to large (meat), with both shoe and bread between small and medium effect sizes. These results are a valuable support for the clinical use of these AR stimuli in the treatment of cleaning OCD.

Ellison visits greenwood, 1921

POETRY ellison visits greenwood, 1921 by Quraysh Ali Lansana oklahoma sun an oppressive neighbor in august 1920. churchgoers settle after-dinner stomachs. deep deuce a murmuring disquiet: raid at the chandler’s. moonshine & melanin the news on the street. daddy chandler & one officer dead & young claude jailed with alleged murder on his shirt. the christian sabbath a buzzing lynching bee three white men freed claude from his cage one thousand armed black men on 2nd street mayor & police allow one of three cars of now unarmed black men to find claude to return the next sweltering midday without him, his body rotting meat ten miles from okc beaten & shot. miss ida had had enough. her lewis gone years now, she frets when ralph delivers the dispatch & herbert still too young to spell KKK. maybe indiana. maybe gary, where brother works steel. a stop in greenwood to visit family on way north. hundreds of shops businesses, elegant houses, hospitals. vibrant black life in the face of jim crow, so unlike the deuce. closer to the harlem ralph would know. gary was not negro paradise. ida jobless, the boys eating garbage from trash cans. okc was hateful but at least familiar. dry heat stings black skin irritable but somehow bearable with family. highway leads them back to tulsa before 2nd street. greenwood was gone. black wall street now invisible. The author of twenty books of poetry, nonfiction, and children’s literature, Quraysh Ali Lansana is currently a Tulsa Artist Fellow as well as writer in residence, adjunct professor, and acting director of the Center for Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation at Oklahoma State University– Tulsa. He is executive producer of KOSU radio’s Focus: Black Oklahoma, and his forthcoming titles include Those Who Stayed: Life in 1921 Tulsa after the Massacre. He is a member of TriCity Collective. GORDON PARKS, UNTITLED, HARLEM, NEW YORK, 1952, COURTESY OF AND © THE GORDON PARKS FOUNDATION WORLDLIT.ORG 51 ...

Ellison visits greenwood, 1921

POETRY ellison visits greenwood, 1921 by Quraysh Ali Lansana oklahoma sun an oppressive neighbor in august 1920. churchgoers settle after-dinner stomachs. deep deuce a murmuring disquiet: raid at the chandler’s. moonshine & melanin the news on the street. daddy chandler & one officer dead & young claude jailed with alleged murder on his shirt. the christian sabbath a buzzing lynching bee three white men freed claude from his cage one thousand armed black men on 2nd street mayor & police allow one of three cars of now unarmed black men to find claude to return the next sweltering midday without him, his body rotting meat ten miles from okc beaten & shot. miss ida had had enough. her lewis gone years now, she frets when ralph delivers the dispatch & herbert still too young to spell KKK. maybe indiana. maybe gary, where brother works steel. a stop in greenwood to visit family on way north. hundreds of shops businesses, elegant houses, hospitals. vibrant black life in the face of jim crow, so unlike the deuce. closer to the harlem ralph would know. gary was not negro paradise. ida jobless, the boys eating garbage from trash cans. okc was hateful but at least familiar. dry heat stings black skin irritable but somehow bearable with family. highway leads them back to tulsa before 2nd street. greenwood was gone. black wall street now invisible. The author of twenty books of poetry, nonfiction, and children’s literature, Quraysh Ali Lansana is currently a Tulsa Artist Fellow as well as writer in residence, adjunct professor, and acting director of the Center for Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation at Oklahoma State University– Tulsa. He is executive producer of KOSU radio’s Focus: Black Oklahoma, and his forthcoming titles include Those Who Stayed: Life in 1921 Tulsa after the Massacre. He is a member of TriCity Collective. GORDON PARKS, UNTITLED, HARLEM, NEW YORK, 1952, COURTESY OF AND © THE GORDON PARKS FOUNDATION WORLDLIT.ORG 51 ...

Assessing the Floral Volatile Constituents of Male and Female Rafflesia Kerri Meijer from Lojing Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia

Rafflesia kerri Meijer is a gigantic parasitic flowering species, endemic in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. The flower reported to emit a foul smell, mimicking rotten meat to attract pollinators from the Calliphoridae to visit the male and female flower. Beside the olfactory factor, the visual display with red brownish tinge colour and the enormous size believed to act as secondary attractant in luring the pollinators. However, the study of pollination biology on this species remain limited and information obtained scanty. Herein, this study was aimed to evaluate the presence of chemical compounds by qualitative phytochemical analysis and screen the floral volatile constituents (FVCs) emitted through Head Space – Solid Phase Microextraction – Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids/steroids, flavonoids and tannins, whereas the tentative floral volatile constituents (FVCs) identified were from various chemical classes such as long chain hydrocarbon, organosilicon compound, primary alcohol, aromatic acid as well as miscellaneous compound. The finding suggests that the presence of phytochemical compounds and combination of vast floral volatile constituents identified are believed to contribute in scent emission and attract the pollinators to visit the flower.

Widespread Use of Traditional Techniques by Local People for Hunting the Yellow-Footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus) Across the Amazon

Understanding the repertoire of hunting techniques used by traditional peoples in tropical forests is crucial for recognizing the role of traditional knowledge in hunting activities, as well as assessing the impact of harvests on game species. We describe the hunting techniques used across Amazonia by Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples for hunting yellow-footed tortoises ( Chelonoidis denticulatus), one of the most consumed species in the biome. We interviewed 178 local people in 25 communities living in seven study areas in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon. We used a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) to compare the hunting techniques between ethnic groups and the ages of the interviewees. Four different techniques were reported: (1) trapping with bait (46%; n = 122); (2) hunting with dogs (35%; n = 92); (3) active searching (14 %; n = 37); and (4) visiting fruiting trees (5%; n = 14). Trapping with bait was alleged to be the most cost-effective technique by 67% of the interviewees. Among the baits used, 93% involved the use of wild species as rotten meat. Hunting with dogs was also frequently cited and involved eight different methods of training. The hunting techniques recorded were not significantly different among ethnic groups or generations. The consonance among the technique repertoire likely reflects a shared knowledge still in use across different cultural groups. There is a potential for applying the hunting techniques to large scale community-based monitoring and management programs, but the impact on additional species affected, such as species intentionally captured to be used as bait, should be considered. Local assessments and community-based management plans that incorporate traditional ecological knowledge are recommended to guarantee the maintenance of livelihoods and ensure the species' conservation in Amazonia.

Olfactory Atlases with an Array of Porphyrinoids Coated ZnO Nanoparticle

Olfactory Atlases with an Array of Porphyrinoids Coated ZnO Nanoparticle

The Transgressive Figure of the Dancing-Girl-in-Pain and Kanai Mieko’s Corporeal Text

In ‘The Transgressive Figure of the Dancing-Girl-in-Pain and Kanai Mieko’s Corporeal Text’, Hannah Osborne analyzes the figure of the dancing-girl-in-pain in Kanai Mieko’s 1968 essay, ‘Nikutairon e jostesu dai’ippo’ (‘Towards a Theory of Corporeality’). She advances that, through its discussion of this transgressive figure’s manifestation in both the folk stories of Hans Christian Andersen and the butō of Hijikata Tatsumi, Kanai’s essay articulates a radical understanding of both body and text whereby the body (and its consciousness) serves as a template for text, and the two are seen to intersect with each other across performance spaces. As such the figure holds profound implications for a re-understanding of literature as a shared event akin to performance, and of the act of reading as an active re-writing (rather than a passive reception) of the text’s meaning. For Osborne, the uniquely corporeal theory of Kanai Mieko encourages readers to actively engage with interpretive boundaries. This is later made explicit in Kanai's 1984 essay, "Text/Reality/The Body," which echoes Barthes notion of the writerly text in advancing that "[t]ext itself has a body, and it is particularly text that relentlessly attempts to exceed its own body that is very corporeal in nature." Finally, looking at some of the strategies that Kanai herself deploys in her fiction, notably "Rotting Meat," we see how such a theory might explain how gendered systems which underpin the generation of meaning itself through literature might be overturned.