Rothia Mucilaginosa Research Articles

Bacteremia due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in neutropenic patients in the setting of a cancer institute

This study reviews the clinical manifestations, causes and frequency of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus bacteremia in neutropenic cancer patients. We analyzed retrospectively all clinical and microbiological records of patients with S. mucilaginosus bacteremia. The incidence was compared with that of other pathogens causing bacteremia during neutropenia for the same period. S. mucilaginosus represented 5.9% of bacteremias in our neutropenic patients. Seven patients with hematologic malignancies and one with breast cancer are described. The common clinical presentation was one of sepsis. All patients presented with damaged mucosal barriers as the probable portal of entry, from either stomatitis or enterocolitis. All patients survived.

In vitro evaluation of AZD2563, a new oxazolidinone, tested against unusual gram-positive species

The recently introduced oxazolidinone, linezolid, has a spectrum and potency directed against Gram-positive organisms, including antimicrobial-resistant isolates. The newest agent in this class, AZD2563 was tested against uncommonly isolated Gram-positive species to establish the breadth of its spectrum. By reference broth microdilution methods, 120 strains were tested (48 Corynebacterium spp., 10 species; 27 Listeria spp., 2 species; 11 Micrococcus spp., 2 species; 23 Bacillus spp., 3 species; 6 Stomatococcus mucilaginosus and one strain each of 5 other species) against AZD2563 and compared to eight other agents. The AZD2563/linezolid MIC 50; % inhibited at ≤4 μg/mL were: for corynebacteria (0.25/0.25 μg/mL; 100/100%), Listeria spp. (2/2 μg/mL; 100/100%), Micrococcus spp. (1/1 μg/mL; 100/100%), Bacillus spp. (0.5/1 μg/mL; 100/100%), and S mucilaginosus (0.5/1 μg/mL; 100/100%). Using the MIC 90 values, AZD2563 was slightly more potent than linezolid (two-fold). Only four genus- species groups had AZD2563 MICs of strains at 2 μg/mL ( Aerococcus, Leuconostoc, Listeria, Rhodococcus), all other isolates were inhibited by ≤ 1 μg/mL. The AZD2563 potency and spectrum versus these rarer species was at least equal to linezolid, including some strains resistant to penicillins, macrolides-lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones.

Assessment of acid production by various human oral micro-organisms when palatinose or leucrose is utilized.

One promising way of reducing caries is by using sucrose substitutes in food, e.g., palatinose or leucrose. Previous experiments addressing cariogenic potential of sucrose substitutes have focused mainly on Streptococcus mutans. However, given the many other micro-organisms in the oral cavity, this study compared the acid production of 100 bacterial strains representing 44 different species, by batch fermentation in a test tube containing, as a sole carbohydrate source, glucose, sucrose, palatinose, or leucrose. Selected strains were further analyzed in a fermenter. Additionally, 30 yeast strains were tested by an auxanographic sugar assimilation test. Only Lactobacillus spp., Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Weissella paramesenteroides, and some of the yeasts studied-i.e., Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-utilized leucrose and/or palatinose well. Strikingly, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus produced water-insoluble polysaccharides by fermentation of leucrose and palatinose. In the fermenter, the respective sucrose substitutes were not only cleaved but also utilized. Thus, extracellular cleavage by autochthonous micro-organisms may produce cariogenic cleavage products (glucose, fructose) that can be used by other well-characterized cariogenic bacteria found in the oral flora. Therefore, the anticariogenic potential of sucrose substitutes in food might be limited.

Investigation of infectious organisms causing pericoronitis of the mandibular third molar

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the most frequently encountered pyogenic organisms involved in pericoronitis to permit more targeted antibiotic therapy.Patients and Methods: Pericoronal pockets of mandibular third molars from 37 patients showing symptoms of acute, severe pericoronitis were sampled and subjected to microbiologic analysis, including primary evaluation by phase-contrast microscopy. To avoid overgrowth with faster-growing, less fastidious organisms, specimens were cultured on a wide variety of selective media (supporting growth of fastidious bacteria, protozoa, and fungi).Results: Microscopic examination indicated spirochetes in 55% and fusiform bacteria in 84% of the samples. A total of 441 microorganisms were isolated and identified from the 37 cultured samples. Besides obligate anaerobic bacteria, including various Actinomyces and Prevotella species, a predominantly facultative anaerobic microflora was cultivated, that is, Streptococcus milleri group (78% of samples), Stomatococcus mucilaginosus (71%), and Rothia dentocariosa (57%).Conclusion: It was concluded that the Streptococci milleri group bacteria, well-known for their ability to cause Suppurative infections, are most likely involved in the pathogenesis of acute severe pericoronitis of the lower third molar.

Characterization of a Rothia-like organism from a mouse: description of Rothia nasimurium sp. nov. and reclassification of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus as Rothia mucilaginosa comb. nov.

An unknown, Gram-positive, ovoid-shaped bacterium isolated from the nose of a mouse was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the unknown organism was a member of the family Micrococcaceae and possessed a specific phylogenetic association with Rothia dentocariosa and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus. Phenotypically, the bacterium closely resembled R. dentocariosa and S. mucilaginosus but could be distinguished from these species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified in the genus Rothia, as Rothia nasimurium sp. nov. In addition, it is proposed that S. mucilaginosus be reclassified in the genus Rothia, as Rothia mucilaginosa comb. nov.

Changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria.

Over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. Twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. As a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. In most centers today, approximately 70% of bacteremic isolates are gram-positive cocci. Of potential concern is that antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive organisms are becoming increasingly frequent in patients with neutropenia. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli are being isolated from several cancer centers. Several "new" organisms, such as Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Bacillus cereus, Leuconostoc species, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Rhodococcus species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Moraxella catarrhalis, Burkholderia cepacia, and Bartonella species, now cause infections in these patients. Careful application of infection-control principles, judicious prophylaxis, appropriate evaluation of new antibiotics, and prompt effective therapy will maximize benefits for these patients.

Pneumonia due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in an AIDS patient: case report and literature review

Pneumonia due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in an AIDS patient: case report and literature review

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin against Micrococcus species and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus isolated from healthy subjects and neutropenic patients.

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin against Micrococcus species and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus isolated from healthy subjects and neutropenic patients.

Stomatococcus Mucilaginosus Meningitis in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Stomatococcus Mucilaginosus Meningitis in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Über die Standortflora der menschlichen Bindehaut: Untersuchungen von 135 Personen unterschiedlichen Alters

Conjunctival flora is a prime suspect in searching for the cause of post-traumatic or post-operative ocular infections. Better information on its individual composition is therefore desirable. 135 persons (66 women, 69 men) were examined during a period of 1 1/2 years. The youngest patient was 3 years old, the oldest 90. Both eyes of all patients were examined. Megasphaera elsdenii, Bacteroides ureolyticus, Bacteroides pneumosintes, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, and group ANF Corynebacterium were isolated for the first time in the eye by this study. The latter was found so often that it can be ascribed the role of an aerobic indicator organism. Characteristic changes appear in the conjunctival flora at different stages of life. In particular, for example, the species spectrum of aerobic bacteria broadens with advancing age, and the population of aerobic bacteria increases in density. With increasing age aerobic cocci are found less frequently in favor of the Corynebacteria. The proportion of anaerobic cocci increases among the anaerobes, while Propionibacteria are demonstrated less frequently. The significance of the organisms found in conjunctiva by this study for the first time is still unclear. No qualitative or quantitative sex-specific influence on the development of conjunctival flora was found.

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus lower respiratory tract infection in a patient with AIDS

We describe a case of recurrent Stomatococcus mucilaginosus lower respiratory tract infection in a patient with AIDS. Apart from S. mucilaginosus no other pathogens were found to account for infection. There was a rapid response to rifampicin, the organism being resistant to penicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Infections caused by this organism are increasingly described, but there are few reports of lower respiratory tract infection.

Predominant Cultivable Microorganisms on the Tongue of Preschool Children

A comprehensive and longitudinal study of the composition of the tongue microbiota in nine healthy, preschool children was performed. Samples were obtained from the dorsal surface of the tongue by scraping it with a sterile tongue blade. Samples were dispersed, diluted and cultivated on non-selective supplemented blood agar and a variety of selective media. Representative colony types were counted, subcultured and microorganisms identified using morphological, physiological, serological and acid end-product analyses. A total of 56 samples and 1654 isolations were made. A very diverse microbiota was isolated from each child. Streptococcus was the predominant genus with S. salivarius and S. mitis the most prevalent members of this genus. Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Neisseria spp. and Veillonella spp. were also present, demonstrating a high level of persistence. Aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative rods were present in low numbers and members of some species, such as Fusobacteriwn, Haemophilus and Prevotella , were infrequently isolated. Keywords - Tongue, Microbiota, Preschool children, Longitudinal, Indigenous.

Complications of Bacteremia Due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in Neutropenic Children

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis in neutropenic patients. We identified eight cases of bacteremia due to S. mucilaginosus in children with cancer, of whom five developed complications despite receiving appropriate antibiotics. At the time cultures were positive, seven patients had profound neutropenia (< 100 neutrophils and band forms/mm3) and four had mucositis; five had central venous catheters. In two cases, there was unequivocal evidence of catheter-related sepsis. Bacteremia was eradicated in all patients within 48 hours after initiation of antibiotics. Despite prompt instigation of effective antibiotic therapy, the complication rates in this series were high: septic shock (50%), pneumonia (50%), dermatologic manifestations (38%), altered neurological status (25%), meningitis (13%), and adult respiratory distress syndrome (13%). No fatalities were attributable to S. mucilaginosus infection. These cases illustrate the virulence of S. mucilaginosus organisms in neutropenic children and suggest a substantial risk of sequelae even when adequate antibiotic therapy is given.

Central nervous system infection due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus

Central nervous system infection due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus bacteremia: Case presentation and identification by susceptibility patterns of diagnostic antimicrobial disks

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus bacteremia: Case presentation and identification by susceptibility patterns of diagnostic antimicrobial disks

Susceptibility to Aminoglycosides of 63 Strains of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus Isolated from Sputum

The MIC of 63 Stomatococcus mucilaginosus for 7 aminoglycosides was determined. Most of the strains were resistant to these antibiotics except to streptomycin. A natural resistance due to impermeability may be involved. One single strain was resistant to all these aminoglycosides where the concentration level of streptomycin was greater than 1000 mg/l. A chromosomal mutation is probably involved.

Infections Due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus: 10 Cases and Review

We describe 10 new cases of bacteremia due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus and review eight other cases that have been described in the literature. The most common clinical presentations were endocarditis, catheter-related infection, and septicemia. Commonly associated risk factors were intravenous drug abuse, cardiac valve disease, the presence of foreign bodies (especially indwelling vascular catheters), and immunocompromised states. S. mucilaginosus bacteremia is readily treatable with antibiotics. This organism is of low virulence, but appears to be an emerging pathogen. Infection due to S. mucilaginosus is likely to be underreported because the organism may be easily misidentified and information on it is not included in the databases of many automated microbiologic identification systems.

Deux bactéries rares responsables de septicémies chez des malades neutropéniques : Capnocytophaga ochracea et Stomatococcus mucilaginosus

We are reporting six observations of septicemia due to Capnocytophaga ochracea and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in neutropenic patients. The treatment was successful in all cases when an antibiotic association including a B lactam antibiotic was used. The mouth flora can now be considered to be responsible for serious infection in immunodepressed patients in the same way as the exogeneous hospital flora and the endogenic intestinal flora are responsible for infection.

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus bacteremias: Typical case presentations, simplified diagnostic criteria, and a literature review

Even though Stomatococcus mucilaginosus is considered indigenous oral-pharyngeal flora, cited literature and case reports indicate that it can be the cause of infectious conditions. Tested strains were isolated from blood, the oral region, and wound sources. The organism was routinely misidentified or not identified by conventional or commercial systems (Vitek, STAPH-Trac). Four antimicrobial diagnostic disks for example, bacitracin (0.04 units; Taxo A), furazolidone (100 μg), novobiocin (5 μg), and polymyxin B (300 units), were evaluated as possible addition to previously applied biochemical characteristics that differentiate between S. mucilaginosus, Micrococcus sp., and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Consistent antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among our isolates to the diagnostic disks produced applicable characteristics for discriminating S. mucilaginosus from similar microorganisms. However, therapeutic choices of antimicrobial agents should be guided by individual organism susceptibility test results because of variable, often resistant patterns to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, new fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides.

Micrococcus and Stomatococcus spp. from human infections

Infections with Micrococcus spp. in six patients and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in one patient are described. Two of the Micrococcus infections occurred in leukaemic patients with indwelling lines, six episodes occurred in three patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and one occurred in a patient with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Stomatococcus was isolated from fluid draining from a sub-dural haematoma. Colony morphology, oxidase reaction and resistance to nitrofurantoin were useful in differentiation of micrococci from staphylococci. Incidence and risk factors for micrococcal infections appear similar to those for infections with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), but the literature is confused due to changes in the definitions of these genera.