Rotation Research Articles

Horizontal Scales of Small‐ and Meso‐Scale Field‐Aligned Current Structures at Middle and Low Latitudes

AbstractBy utilizing the close orbital separation between Swarm A and C during the Counter Rotation Orbit phase, we check the agreement and stationarity between the FAC‐associated magnetic signatures at the two spacecraft through cross‐correlation analysis. When the agreement and stationarity are passed, the magnetic signature is considered suitable for small and meso‐scale Field‐aligned currents (FAC) estimates with dual‐spacecraft technique. It is found that at low and middle latitudes the dayside wave structure with apparent periods of about 10–60s can be observed around 90% of the time during all seasons. From those 90% can be identified as quasi‐static current structures. On the nightside, the shorter period signatures dominate the apparent period spectrum. At about 30% of the time structures with 1–7s periods are observed. For the longer period signals the proportion is reduced greatly. About 80% of these signatures with periods longer than 3s are identified as quasi‐static current structures. By taking advantage of the constantly changing longitudinal orbit separation during the considered time intervals, we can determine the mean separation at which the correlation breaks down. This provides FAC scale sizes in east‐west direction separately for FACs of various latitudinal wavelengths. The result shows that typical east‐west scale sizes of FAC structures with latitudinal wavelength of 10–400 km range from 10 to 60 km, respectively. FAC‐related structures on the nightside have been associated with medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances and structures on the dayside primarily with FACs driven by atmospheric gravity waves.

ω Centauri: a MUSE discovery of a counter-rotating core

ABSTRACT ω Centauri is considered the most massive globular cluster of the Milky Way and likely the former nuclear star cluster of a Galaxy accreted by the Milky Way. It is speculated to contain an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) from several dynamical models. However, uncertainties regarding the location of the cluster centre or the retention of stellar remnants limit the robustness of the IMBH detections reported so far. In this paper, we derive and study the stellar kinematics from the highest-resolution spectroscopic data yet, using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) in the narrow field mode and wide field mode. Our exceptional data near the centre reveal for the first time that stars within the inner 20 arcsec (∼0.5 pc) counter-rotate relative to the bulk rotation of the cluster. Using this data set, we measure the rotation and line-of-sight velocity dispersion profile out to 120 arcsec with different centres proposed in the literature. We find that the velocity dispersion profiles using different centres match well with those previously published. Based on the counter–rotation, we determine a kinematic centre and look for any signs of an IMBH using the high-velocity stars close to the centre. We do not find any significant outliers >60 km s−1 within the central 20 arcsec, consistent with no IMBH being present at the centre of ω Centauri. A detailed analysis of Jeans’ modelling of the putative IMBH will be presented in the next paper of the series.

Characteristics of Twin-Runner Darreus Water-Turbines for Tidal Current Power Generation

In order to make the electrical-power generation feasible under the lower tidal-current condition the twin-runner Darreus water-turbine was developed. The counter rotations of twin runners are expected to increase the power output. In order to find out the best distance between the runners the wind-tunnel tests using the subscale model were carried out. At the dimensionless distance of 0.18 the rotational numbers were increased up to 156 percent of those at the single-runner configuration. With this distance the water-channel test was also conducted. It was confirmed that the revolution numbers of the twin runners were increased by 20 percents of those in the single-runner configuration. The increasing effect of speed by a diffuser was investigated. At the stand-alone test of a diffuser in the wind tunnel the velocity of the current passing through the diffuser was accelerated by 1.1 of the free-stream velocity, however, in the water-channel test the subscale Darreus model with the shorter diffuser showed no increasing effect. This was primarily because of the short length of the diffuser to the mouth distance, which was determined from the standpoint of the structural efficiency. The demonstrative power generation test is planned at the Kanmon strait in March, 2012.

Rapid assessment of dose for large-scale individual: a feasibility study

In certain situations, it is crucial to quickly estimate the dose for radiation workers across different weight percentiles. This study sets out to create weight percentiles above 50 by adding proper adipose and muscle layers around the revised ORNL hermaphrodite phantom torso. Neutron fluence-to-organ absorbed and effective dose conversion coefficients were calculated to different weight percentiles. Simulations were performed in the energy range 10−9 to 20 MeV, under Six different source irradiation geometries: anterior–posterior (AP), posterior–anterior (PA), right-lateral (RLAT), left-lateral (LLAT), Rotation (ROT), and Isotropic (ISO) by MCNPX code. The maximum relative differences observed between the 50th and other percentiles ranged from 11% to 28%. Comparative analysis of the fluence-to-absorbed and effective dose conversion coefficients between the 95th percentile and VIPMAN indicated that approximately 58% and 57% of the data had a relative difference below 15%, respectively overall neutron energies and irradiation geometries. Our finding demonstrate that this straightforward method is reliable, especially when the whole body is irradiated in the energies above 1 MeV.

Roots are the key for soil C restoration: A comparison of land management in the semiarid Argentinean Pampa

The objective of the study was to elucidate the relationship between soil management and carbon (C) stocks, and to identify the factors that intervene in the processes that favor C sequestration. The study was carried out on a farm in the Argentinean semiarid pampas with four land management practices (2019–2021): natural grassland (NG), crop-pasture rotation (RO), soybean monoculture (S-S) and with cover crop (S-CC). Aerial and root biomass were quantified at cover crop termination and soybean flowering. In addition, residues on soil surface were determined two times a year. In all cases, C and N contents were quantified. On composite soil samples, soil organic C (SOC), particulate C (POC), microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN), and soluble C and N were determined at 0–0.1 m depth. Results showed that NG had the highest and the most stable aboveground (3807.1 kg residue-C ha-1) and belowground inputs between years (4965.8 kg root-C ha-1). Similar results were observed in RO treatment during the first year (4221.0 kg root-C ha-1) diminishing by 67% after plowing for the annual crop in the second year reaching similar root-C values than S-CC and S-S (721.7 kg ha-1). S-S presented the lowest aboveground (49%) and belowground inputs (77%) compared to NG. Cover crops (S-CC) contributed with 31% and 14% of extra residue-C and root-C, respectively, compared to S-S. MBC showed a non-linear response with increases in root-C, reaching maximum carrying capacity of 110.6 ± 4.3 kg MBC ha-1 with root-C inputs ≥ 2200 kg ha-1. Our results showed significant relationships between root-C and POC and SOC, while no relationships were found for aboveground residues. Increases in soluble N explained 86% of SOC variability. Both RO and S-CC reached the “4 per Mille” goal with an average annual SOC storage rate (ΔC) of 0.24 and 0.16 Mg ha-1 y-1, respectively, while S-S had SOC losses of 0.04 Mg ha-1yr-1.

Caudal septal extension grafts: conchal cartilage or PDS foil-empowered nasal cartilage.

We reviewed the potential benefits of conchal cartilage or Polydioxanone (PDS) foil-empowered nasal cartilage as caudal septal extension grafts (CSEGs). Research methods included searching online databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Proquest Central at Kırıkkale University. Use terms like "caudal septal extension grafts," "septal extension grafts," "conchal cartilage," and "PDS foil-empowered nasal cartilage" to find related articles. Due to the anchoring of the lower alar cartilage to the nasal septum, the results of a CSEG rhinoplasty are relatively stable over the long term. They can be adjusted independently by the rhinoplasty surgeon. Over time, the skin and soft tissue envelope contract and a downward force for these grafts develops. It allows for independent regulation of projection and rotation, unlike conventional columellar strut procedures and lateral crural steal techniques. Inadequate cartilage may need conchal or costal cartilage, depending on the application and the need for projection and counter rotation. Costal cartilage transplant outperformed conchal cartilage graft in a rabbit model regarding tip projection and angle relapse rate. Three-patient case series show that PDS foil-enhanced nasal cartilage led to septal cartilage loss. However, other research draws a different result, finding that PDS foil-enhanced nasal cartilage prevented growth inhibition in the developing nasal septum following septoplasty, and reduced late problems in animals. The caudal septal extension grafts should prioritize septum cartilage if it is readily available, of adequate size, and with sufficient strength. If this is not possible, PDS foil-enhanced nasal cartilage fragments or conchal cartilage could be used as a backup. PDS foil will maintain the integrity and stability of the implanted cartilage. Due to its strength, stability, and convenient location, conchal cartilage will serve as the second donor site.

Winter cropping improves yield, dry matter accumulation and translocation and nitrogen uptake of double-cropping rice

Winter cropping is widely considered as an effective way to increase rice yield. Therefore, this study was performed to find optimal winter cropping patterns in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Five experimental treatments were set up based on the long-term field experiment including winter fallow (CK), Chinese milk vetch winter cropping pattern (CRR), rapeseed winter cropping pattern (RRR), garlic winter cropping pattern (GRR), and winter multiple cropping rotation (ROT). The effects of different winter cropping patterns on the yield, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and plant nitrogen uptake were explored in double-cropping rice. The results showed that compared with CK, winter cropping increased the early and late rice yield by 7.91-10.70% and 3.57-6.89%, respectively. Similarly, compared with CK, winter cropping patterns also increased the number of spikes in early rice by 19.36-25.81% and CRR and ROT increased the effective number of spikes in late rice by 25.58% and 23.26% respectively. The dry matter (DM) translocation by stem and leaf of early rice under CRR was highest, with a 36.2% increase compared with CK, however, DM accumulation after heading in early rice under CRR was lowest. GRR decreased the dry matter translocation by stem and leaf in early rice but increased DM accumulation after heading in early and late rice by 65.28% and 13.44% as compared to CK. Moreover, ROT increased the dry matter translocation by stem and leaf in late rice by 112.63%. Additionally, GRR and ROT treatments increased the stem nitrogen uptake in early rice by 61.76% and 58.61% as compared to control, while CRR increased the nitrogen uptake by stem, leave and spike in late rice by 40.76%, 49.51% and 42.92%. In conclusion, CRR is more beneficial to increase DM accumulation and translocation by stem and leaf in double-cropping rice, and nitrogen uptake by rice plants.

The Effect of Fee, Tenure, Rotation, Reputation on Audit Quality with Audit Committee as Moderator

Good audit quality can improve the quality of financial statements and the trust of the users. This study aims to analyze the effect of Audit Fee (FEE), Audit Tenure (TNR), Audit Rotation (ROT), and Public Accounting Firm Reputation (RPT) on Audit Quality (QLT) and analyze the effect of the Audit Committee (CMT) in moderating FEE, TNR, ROT, and RPT on QLT. The research sample used purposive sampling method in financial sector service companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2022 and there were 36 companies with 216 data. The data analysis method used SPSS 25 and Eviews 13. The results showed that FEE and ROT had no effect on QLT. TNR has an effect on QLT. RPT has a negative effect on QLT. CMT strengthens the effect of TNR on QLT. CMT cannot moderate the effect of RPT on QLT. The novelty of this research is that it modifies the audit committee measurement from previous research. This research has implications for financial sector service companies so that the Audit Committee in appointing Public Accounting Firm should consider the length of time Public Accounting Firm has been engaged with the same company in a row.

FreeFEM++ based heat transfer analysis of an electrically induced magnetic flow within the framework of micropolar continuum

In this article, we aim to analyze electrically induced magnetic incompressible flow and heat transfer through a channel within the framework of micropolar continuum. Finite element method is employed to compute the numerical solution of the governing dynamics formulated in the form of PDEs along with associated boundary conditions on the channel. The weak form is presented and variational problem is implemented in FreeFem++ language. To validate, the correct implementation of the problem and obtained numerical results, a reduced micropolar magnetohydrodynamic model is taken into consideration. The analytical solution is presented. Computed numerical results are compared with the exact solution in case of reduced micropolar model and a good agreement is achieved. An excellent convergence of the numerical solution to the exact solution is shown through Tables where L 2 -norm and H 1 -errors are computed at refined meshes. Effect of different physical parameters such as magnetic Reynolds number ( R m ), Hartmann number (Ha), micorpolar constants (m and l 1 2 ), micropolar coupling number (N), Prandtl number (Pr) and Brinkmann number (Br) are studied and discussed in detail. The development of thermal, translational and micro-rotational velocity profiles over the cross-sectional domain of the channel is shown for varying values of these material parameters. Some interesting and new findings in this investigation are presented and discussed. It is observed that the maximum temperature in the medium shifts from the center of the domain toward the boundaries if the micropolar coupling constant N is increased. Maximum micro-rotations are always found near the channel’s boundary where it is evidenced that the particle’s micro-rotations have a direct proportionality with the micropolar constant m. Moreover, the counter rotations of the continuum particles are evidenced at the channel’s boundary. Furthermore, the micorpolar coupling constant l 1 2 is found to resist the micro motions of the particles in the channel. The successful implementation of one and higher dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model in FreeFEM++ in general and within the context of micorpolar continuum in particular is delineated. This shows that it provides an efficient platform to simulate magnetohydrodynamic problems in higher order continuum which has applications in designing magneto-rheological airbags, aircraft take-off gear, mechanical heart valves and cooling systems.

Evaluation of apical extrusion of debris and centering ability in different nickel-titanium files during curved root canal preparation

BackgroundCurved root canals lead to difficulties in cleaning, shaping and filling the root canal system. Apical extrusion of debris and root canal transportation are important factors causing postoperative complications. In clinical practice, commonly selected instruments include multifile NiTi systems, such as M3-Pro PLUS (M3-PRO), Orodeka Plex 2.0 (ODP), Rotate (ROT), and Protaper Gold (PTG), as well as single-file NiTi systems, such as M3-L Platinum 2019 (M3L), Waveone Gold (WOG), and Reciproc Blue (RCB). This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the differences in the apical extrusion of debris and centering ability of the above NiTi files.MethodsSeventy 3D-printed resin teeth were used (n = 10). The apically extruded debris was collected in a preweighed centrifuge tube. The resin teeth with or without root canal preparation were cut into separate cross sections at 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm away from the root apex, and then the root canal transportation and centering ratio of each cross section were calculated.ResultsApical extrusion of debris was highest in RCB but lowest in OD-P (P < 0.05). Root call deviation was lowest in ROT at the 3 mm level, in PTG at the 5 mm level, and in PTG and ROT at the 7 mm level (P < 0.05). The centering ratio of NiTi files was highest in the RCB group at the 3 mm level, in the PTG group at the 5 mm level, in the ROT group at the 7 mm level (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFor NiTi files with the same system, the cross-sectional design is the greatest factor affecting the extrusion of debris, and motion mode is the second. In addition, the multifile system could reduce the degree of root canal transportation.

Test characteristics of rasterstereography for the early diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

This study aimed to evaluate rasterstereography of the spine as a diagnostic test for adolescent idiopathic soliosis (AIS), and to compare its results with those obtained using a scoliometer. Adolescents suspected of AIS and scheduled for radiographs were included. Rasterstereographic scoliosis angle (SA), maximal vertebral surface rotation (ROT), and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) with a scoliometer were evaluated. The area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots were used to describe the discriminative ability of the SA, ROT, and ATR for scoliosis, defined as a Cobb angle > 10°. Test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) were reported for the best threshold identified using the Youden method. AUC of SA, ATR, and ROT were compared using the bootstrap test for two correlated ROC curves method. Of 212 patients studied, 146 (69%) had an AIS. The AUC was 0.74 for scoliosis angle (threshold 12.5°, sensitivity 75%, specificity 65%), 0.65 for maximal vertebral surface rotation (threshold 7.5°, sensitivity 63%, specificity 64%), and 0.82 for angle of trunk rotation (threshold 5.5°, sensitivity 65%, specificity 80%). The AUC of ROT was significantly lower than that of ATR (p < 0.001) and SA (p < 0.001). The AUCs of ATR and SA were not significantly different (p = 0.115). The rasterstereographic scoliosis angle has better diagnostic characteristics than the angle of trunk rotation evaluated with a scoliometer, with similar AUCs and a higher sensitivity.

Teleportation of unknown states of a qubit and a single-mode field in strong coupling regime without Bell-state measurement

In this paper, we develop the teleportation scheme in [Zheng in Phys Rev A 69, 064302, 2004], in the sense that, we work in the strong atom-field coupling regime wherein the rotating wave approximation (RWA) is no longer valid. To achieve the purpose, a scheme consisting of a qubit interacting with a single-mode quantized field is described via the Rabi model (counter rotation terms are taken into account). Our first aim is to teleport an unknown atomic state of a qubit (which interacts with the quantized field in a cavity) to a second qubit (exists in another distant cavity field), beyond the RWA and without the Bell-state measurement method. In the continuation, in a similar way, we teleport an unknown state of a single-mode field too. In fact, it is shown that, in this regime, after applying some particular conditions, containing the interaction time of atom-field in the cavities, adjusting the involved frequencies, as well as the atom-field coupling in the model, if a proper measurement is performed on the state of the first qubit (the related field in the cavity), the unknown states of the qubit (field) can be teleported from the first qubit (cavity field) to the second qubit (cavity field), appropriately. We show that in both considered cases, the teleportation protocol is successfully performed with the maximum possible fidelity, 1, and the acceptable success probability, 0.25.

Facial masculinization surgery

Facial masculinization surgery

Breed-typical front limb angular deformity is associated with clinical findings in three chondrodysplastic dog breeds.

Angular front limb deformity (ALD) refers to an excessively curved limb conformation, which is seen in some chondrodysplastic dog breeds. Common characteristics of ALD include carpal valgus (VALG), front limb rotation (ROT), elbow incongruity, and lateral radial head subluxation. These may cause lameness and discomfort in affected dogs. The clinical impact and breed-specific characteristics of front limb conformation in chondrodysplastic breeds are unknown. This prospective and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate differences in front limb conformation between three chondrodysplastic breeds. We further evaluate whether front limb conformation is associated with clinical findings and limb function. We propose novel methods to classify findings in the interosseous space and to quantify lateral radial head subluxation. Data from a total of 224 front limbs from 112 dogs of three chondrodysplastic dog breeds (30 Standard Dachshunds, 29 Skye terriers, and 53 Glen of Imaal terriers) were included in the study. Front limb VALG and ROT were measured with a goniometer. From the radiographs, the elbow joint was graded for incongruity (INC), and the humeroradial angle (HRA) was measured to assess lateral radial subluxation. The association of front limb conformation with clinical signs and limb function was investigated using orthopedic examination, goniometric and kinetic measurements, and radiography. The breeds differed significantly in their front limb conformation. The Dachshund had the least ROT and the least radial head subluxation. The Skye terrier had the most VALG, the most radial head subluxation, and the largest prevalence of moderate and severe INC. The Glen of Imaal terrier had the most ROT. In addition, INC, ROT, VALG, and HRA were found to be independent of each other and were associated with several measurable clinical abnormalities and limb function such as pain, lameness, limited range of motion, and elbow joint osteoarthritis. This implies that VALG, ROT, and HRA could be used in addition to INC grading when choosing musculoskeletal characteristics of dogs suitable for breeding.

Pengaruh Fee Audit, Rotasi Audit, Audit Capacity Stress dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Earning Manipulation dengan Moderasi Kualitas Audit

The survey was conducted on 40 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the observation period from 2016 to 2020. The sampling method used in this study was targeted sampling. The hypothesis of this study was tested using multiple regression analysis to measure the effect of the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The purpose of this study was to examine the variables Audit Fee (FA), Audit Rotation (RA), Audit Ability Stress (ACS), and revenue operation size representative of the Beneish M-score, with audit quality as a moderator variable, as experienced by manufacturing firms. to analyze it objectively. Listed on the stock exchange. effect. A sample of 40 and 200 Indonesian securities for the period 2016-2012. The results of this study show that the Beneish M-Score is highly influenced by exam fees, exam rotation, exam capacity load, and size. The FA variable has a 10% significant negative impact on profit manipulation (Beneish M-score). That is, the higher the audit fee accepted by management, the less evidence of manipulation of the financial statements. The RA variable has a very positive effect on profit manipulation. In other words, the more often audit rotations occur, the higher the likelihood of balance sheet manipulation. ACS variables have a significant negative impact on yield manipulation (beneish M-score) at = 10%. That is, the more audit clients, or the higher the ACS, the higher the monitoring that does not lead to manipulation of the financial statements. Finally, the size variable has a large positive impact on profit manipulation. H. The larger the company size, the more evidence of balance sheet manipulation. The results of the Model 2 study indicate that the presence of trial quality as a moderator variable can influence the relationship between FA, RA, ACS and size (Benish M score) in the profit manipulation. If the presence of audit quality (QA) weakens the impact of almost all variables on earnings manipulation (Benish m Score), this suggests that the presence of a reputable audit quality KAP enhances corporate scrutiny and reduces earnings manipulation and investor interest. It means avoiding useful information. and interested persons. Account holders and these factors are considered by investors and stakeholders to provide more relevant information.

The effect of lumbopelvic region rotation relative flexibility on thorax–pelvis and pelvis–femur coordination during walking

BackgroundLumbopelvic region rotation relative flexibility (LRRF), which is defined as lumbopelvic region that is relatively less stiffness than the hip region, is associated with low back pain (LBP) symptoms. However, how LRRF is influenced by lumbopelvic region motion during walking is unclear. Research questionWhat is the influence of LBP and LRRF on coordination patterns of the thorax, pelvis, and femur during walking? MethodsThe presence of LRRF was determined based on whether the lumbopelvic rotation occurred in the first 50% of knee flexion or hip external rotation movement. Participants with LBP and LRRF were classified into the LBP group. Participants with LRRF but without LBP were classified into the early pelvis rotation (ROT) group, and those without LBP and relative flexibility were classified as controls. The thorax–pelvis coordination and pelvis–femur coordination during the stance cycles were calculated from the segmental angles obtained by three-dimensional motion analysis using a modified vector coding technique. ResultsIn the sagittal plane, the thorax–pelvis coordination of the LBP group showed more anti-phase patterns at both the early stance and midstance compared with controls and the ROT group. In the sagittal and horizontal planes, pelvis–femur coordination of the LBP and ROT groups showed more in-phase patterns during the early stance and midstance compared with controls. SignificanceRegardless of LBP, the presence of LRRF alters the intersegmental coordination during walking. In individuals with LRRF, stiffness of the hip may increase during walking. People who have LRRF without LBP may develop LBP in the future, and it is important for prevention to identify these differences in kinematics during walking.

Tides, Stratification, and Counter Rotation: The German Bight ROFI in Comparison to Other Regions of Freshwater Influence

AbstractThe characteristics of tidal velocity profiles and their relation to stratification are investigated based on high‐resolution field data collected at four locations in the German Bight Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI) in the North Sea. The deployments each include two to three tidal cycles and were conducted during field campaigns in August 2016 and May 2018. The depth‐averaged semidiurnal tidal motion is dominated by a standing wave directed toward the coast, but modified by a smaller, coast‐parallel progressive wave contribution. The time series of the tidal velocity profiles consistently show tidal asymmetries with higher flood than ebb velocities near the surface and counter‐clockwise rotation of the velocity trajectories at depth. Near the surface, phase‐locked periodic changes in the sense of rotation within the tidal cycle are evident for three deployments, resulting in periodic counter‐rotation of the upper and lower layer. During these episodes, stratification of the water column is observed. Counter‐rotation is initiated after a sudden decoupling developing from the surface downward, with subsequent rapid development of stratification and velocity shear. The observed decoupling is most likely triggered by advection of the plume‐induced lateral surface density gradient by weakly sheared ebb currents toward the study site. Due to the dominance of the standing wave in the German Bight ROFI, the observed intra‐tidal variations of stratification are more similar to the Liverpool Bay and differ significantly from the Rhine ROFI, where the tidal dynamics are controlled by a progressive Kelvin wave.

Vedic Multiplier-based International Data Encryption Algorithm Crypto-Core for Efficient Hardware Multiphase Encryption Design

At present, there are several pieces of research on designing and implementing new cryptographic algorithms that are lightweight and resistant to several, if not major forms of security attacks. However, some algorithms such as the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), which has been around for some time is yet to record any real threat against its functionality. To ensure its continued usage, current implementations rely on multiphase encryption where it is combined with other algorithms such as ROTation (ROT) and Data Encryption Standard (DES) for maximum security strength. Multiphase encryption implies that there is a tendency for an increase in hardware area and a reduction in overall speed. In such cases, having fast and reduced area algorithms are much desired. This paper, therefore, proposes an efficient hardware implementation of the IDEA cipher that is based on arithmetic modulo multiplication—one of the main computations of the IDEA—on a novel Vedic multiplier architecture. The increase in efficiency of the IDEA crypto architecture and the reduction in resources utilization is achieved through an enhancement of its structural architecture to utilize a fixed set of resources for all eight identical rounds of computation and the use of a proposed fast and lightweight Vedic hardware multiplier. The proposed hardware modification and resulting architecture are designed using the Xilinx ISE and Vivado tools. The architecture is synthesized using Precision Synthesis Tool (PS) and simulated using Modelsim SE 10.6d and ISIM simulation tools. The proposed IDEA cipher is 100% more efficient when designed based on the Vedic multiplier compared to existing designs. The hardware architecture is implemented on Spartan-6-FGG484 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using Verilog HDL. Verified results show that the proposed Vedic-based IDEA occupied 212 Slices with the Vedic multiplier only occupying 28 Slices out of the total 212. The proposed architecture operates at a maximum frequency of 253.3 MHz.

Врожденные аномалии взаиморасположения и поворота почек: частота, этиопатогенез, пренатальная диагностика, клиника, физическое развитие, диагностика, лечение и профилактика

В статье представлены литературные данные о частоте, этиопатогенезе, основных клинических проявлениях, динамике физического развития, современных методах пренатальной и постнатальной диагностики и лечения, а также о профилактике врожденных пороков взаиморасположения почек (дистопии почек по отношению друг к другу) — подковообразной почки.

Hip joint mobility in relation to measurement position, gender and limb dominance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether three different measurement position yield divergent results in ROM using a goniometer, and how is it affected by anthropometrical factors. Methods: We measured the range of rotation in the hip joint in healthy participants aged 21.6 ± 1.88, seeking to determine how the distribution of internal vs. external rotation (RI) within the total range of mobility (TR) was influenced by the measurement position used, the gender of the participant, and the dominant lower limb. Results: We found that not only gender and limb dominance, but also the body position in which hip joint’s range of motion is measured significantly affects the values of TR and RI. We found that TR achieves the highest values in the prone position – PrP (males: 95.35 ± 12.44 and 93.15 ± 12.49; females: 103.75 ± 14.87 and 106.25 ± 15.56) and the lowest values in supine position – SuP (male: 62.65 ± 8.51 and 57.85 ± 9.60; female: 59.5 ± 12.27 and 55.85 ± 8.54). The analysis shows that CERD occurs 1.72 RI in women (StP), and &gt;2.08 RI in men (PrP). Conclusions: Due to the similarities between asymmetry of internal/external rotation in the hip joint and asymmetry in the rotation of the shoulder found in Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD), we propose the concepts of Coxal Internal Rotation Deficit (CIRD) and Coxal External Rotation Deficit (CERD) as tools to indicate the possibility for injury to the hip joint, and propose threshold rotation index values serving as indicators of these deficits.