Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test Research Articles

Choice of conflict resolution strategies in negative emotional states

The article presents the results of checking the hypothesis that the choice of conflict resolution strategy depends on the negative emotional states (anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity). The Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, «Anxiety. Frustration. Aggression. Rigidity (AFAR)» test, Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) have been used for diagnosis of participants` psychological features. Students of Ukrainian universities have formed the sample. Correlational analysis was performed (SPSS 17.0) to identify the associations between emotional states and behavioral reactions. An association has been established between the state of rigidity and the application of the competing strategy (negative), avoiding (positive); between the state of frustration and the frequency of application of competing (negative), accommodating (positive). The results showed that the possibility of implementing a strategy of avoiding in a state of rigidity is associated with unpreparedness for extrapunitive reaction and expectations that the situation will resolve itself (impaunitive reaction). Therefore, the connections between negative emotional states and the choice of poorly productive conflict resolution strategies may depend on protective mechanisms that are activated in a state of frustration.

Self-harm and aggression in patients with anorexia nervosa

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex condition with high comorbidity.ObjectivesThis study aims to verify whether patients with AN are more aggressive towards themselves than towards others; namely, we measure the levels of autoaggressive/aggressive ideation, negative emotions regarding self/others, as well as self-harm behavior.Methods10 female patients with AN (2 of them also had bulimia nervosa) and 20 female participants of the control group were presented with Structured Interview, Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (P‐F), Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, I-structural Test of Ammon, Boyko Communication Aggression Inventory, Boyko Self-directed Emotion Accumulation Inventory (BSEAI). Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used.ResultsTable 1Structured interview indicatorControl groupAN patientsSuicide attempts10%60%Self-harm behavior35%60%Piercing/tattoos20%50%Depression (self-report)40%90%There were no significant differences in aggression levels between groups. However, patients with AN showed less extrapunitive reactions: blaming others, requiring others to resolve the situation (P-F, р=0.013) and more intropunitive reactions: self-blame, feeling responsible/guilty for the situation (P-F, р=0.031). AN patients had more self-directed negative emotions and impulses (BSEAI, р=0.01), more self-harm behavior (see table 1). There were no correlations between autoaggression and aggression scales in the control group, but there were 9 correlations between them in the AN group (p<0.05, r>0.76).ConclusionsPatients with AN are more inclined to self-blame, negative ideas about themselves, self-harm behavior, but have the same aggression level as the control group. The interconnection of aggression and autoaggression is different in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to the control group.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Procrastination as a personal factor in young patients with mental disorders

IntroductionMany of contemporary studies of procrastination were conducted with healthy students. Only a few investigators analyzed procrastination's connection with personal features (self-esteem), socio-psychological parameters (aggression, well-being). Researchers do not consider procrastination as a personal factor in patients with different mental disorders. Most of procrastination's researches are related to affective spectrum disorders (depression), often found in the student's environment.ObjectivesMale and female students (aged 18–25). Normal group–61. Experimental group - 54 patients of psychiatric clinic, divided to diagnosis: schizophrenia F20.01, bipolar disorder F31 and personality disorder F60.AimsStudy of procrastination combined with personal characteristics (self-esteem, aggression) on young people: normal and with endogenous pathology.MethodsProcrastination assessment scale-students (PASS) by L.J. Solomon, E.D. Rothblum; Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Test; E. Wagner's The Hand Test; Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Self-esteem by Dembo-Rubinstein. Multiple linear regressions were used as method of data assessment.ResultsAssessment of obtained data allowed to distinguish some different models of connections parameters of PASS and other tests. These models differ in comparing groups. Healthy students: multidimensional model of communication procrastination and personality parameters harmoniously combined personal and socio-psychological parameters. Schizophrenia: fewer models, mostly one-dimensional structure (identified only communication based on personal parameters). Bipolar disorder: one or two dimensional model (include mainly characteristics of aggression and self-rated health). Personality disorders: some mono and multi-dimensional models, their structure and content are very close to normative sample.ConclusionsProcrastination is consider as common phenomenon at young people.Connections PASS and personal features differ according to disease.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

A violation of emotion regulation as a central link in pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension

IntroductionEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. Today, scientists discover more and more patients whose BP values during work appear to be higher than those values during free time. This form of EH is called “hypertension at work”.ObjectiveTo study the role emotion dysregulation in the pathogenesis of EH.Materials and methodsA projective study of emotion regulation was undertaken with our modified version of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (Zinchernko, Pervichko). At the second stage of the study, the simulation of emotional stress with the aspiration level modelling was carried out. The level of state anxiety, BP values and levels of catecholamines, renin and angiotonin I were taken before and after the experiment. Eighty-five patients with “hypertension at work” (mean age: 45.9 ± 2.8), 85 patients with “classical” EH (mean age: 47.4 ± 4.5 years) and 82 healthy subjects (mean age: 44.9 ± 3.1) took part in the study.Results“Hypertension at work” patients significantly more frequently than patients from the second group and healthy subjects are more prone to rumination, disasterization and repression of their emotions. They will seldom employ the strategy of subjective-objective interactive transformations; their edibility to actualize new meanings in traumatic situations is diminished. We showed that emotion regulation strategies in “hypertension in the work” patients were ineffective in overcoming the emotional tension and created the conditions for chronization of high blood pressure, and could be considerded as the central link in pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension.ConclusionThe results contributes to enrich our understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of EH.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Glucocorticoid activeness in patients with mitral valve prolapse and autonomic dysfunction

BackgroundUrgency of psychophysiological examination of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) patients is suggested by a high incidence of anxiety disorders among these patients.ObjectivesTo study glucocorticoid function activity and emotional stress resistance in MVP patients with autonomic dysfunction (AD).MethodsThe trait anxiety level (TA) was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger). Emotional stress resistance was undertaken with our modified version of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (Zinchenko, Pervichko). The cortisol level in blood plasma was measured by radioimmunoassay technique with radioimmune assay kit of cortisol in human blood plasma ‘KORT-3N’ (Belarus). There were 32 MVP patients (mean age was 28.5 ± 1.6 years) and 15 healthy people (mean age was 27.5 ± 1.3 years) who took part in the study.ResultsAmong reactions to frustration revealed by MVP patients the following categories are dominating: extrapunitive (Е), ego-defensive (ED), and obstacle-dominance (OD). There was revealed a direct correlations: TA and Е (r = 0.49, Р < 0.001); TA and ED (r = 0.46, Р < 0.01); TA and indexes of AD (r = 0.43, Р < 0.01).There was displayed a higher level of cortisol in MVP patients with severe grade of AD, against the level revealed by patients with average grade of AD (433.9 ± 78.0 mmol/L vs. 299.3 ± 42.9 mmol/L; Р < 0.05). Direct correlations were established between the cortisol level and the level of TA (r = 0.45; Р < 0.01); between the frequency of E-reactions in Modified Rosenzweig Test and cortisol level (r = 0.42; Р < 0.01).ConclusionAlong with low stress resistance, registered AD and high level of TA, MVP patients reveal higher indexes of cortisol in blood plasma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Rosenzweig picture-frustration test modification for a study of emotion regulation strategies among the patients with stress-induced hypertension

IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) efficiency dwells among the most pressing issues of contemporary psychology and psychiatry. Further development of the methods of reliable assessments for ER makes it the task of current importance.ObjectiveTo modify Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test for the study of ER in health and in disease.MethodsIn the initial stage of testing participants had to look through a succession of Rosenzweig's pictures, and select potentially traumatizing situations.In the second stage they answered the following questions:– what would you say in this particular situation?– what would you have in mind, saying this?– could you think of an answer that would taper down the traumatizing character of the situation in your own perception? (Zinchenko, Pervichko, 2014).A total of 85 patients with stress-induced hypertension (mean age was 45.9 ± 2.8) and 82 healthy subjects (mean age was 44.9 ± 3.1) took part in the study.ResultsWe came to distinguish among four classes of ER strategies: internal, cognitively non-mediated; internal, cognitively transforming; external, cognitively non-mediated; and external, cognitively transforming (Pervichko, 2015). Hypertensive patients significantly more frequently than healthy subjects reveal wider set of emotionally grave events (19.8% vs 11.2%, P < 0.001), they are more prone to rumination, disasterization (19.0% vs 11.1%, P < 0.001) and suppression in display of their emotions (31.9% vs 20.2%, P < 0.001). The patients will seldom employ the strategy of interactive subject–subject transformations; their capability to actualize new meanings in traumatic situations is diminished.ConclusionsApplication of the described modification of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test allows to distinguish and classify various ER strategies, and to demonstrate peculiarities in ER related behaviour of hypertensive patients as opposed to healthy subjects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Emotion regulation strategies in adolescents with mitral valve prolapse

IntroductionTwo thirds of adolescents with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) show signs of anxiety disorders. They display difficulty in emotion regulation (Van Der Ham et al., 2003; Scordo, 2007).ObjectiveTo investigate into emotion regulation strategies in MVP adolescents.MethodsA projective study of emotion regulation was undertaken with our modified version of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (Zinchenko, Pervichko, 2014). Thirty-six adolescents with MVP (mean age was 17.1 ± 0.8 years) and 40 healthy adolescents (mean age was 16.7 ± 0.6 years) took part in the study.ResultsMVP adolescents significantly more frequently (P < 0.001) would mark Rosenzweig's situations as potentially traumatizing. Ego-defence (E-D) and extrapunitive (E) reactions appear to be significantly (P < 0.05) more frequent among MVP adolescents. MVP adolescents are more than healthy subjects prone to avoid open verbal revelations of their thoughts and feelings that emerge in the situation of frustration. Content analysis of responses conditioned by cognitive control (when the task was to taper off arbitrarily the traumatizing effect of the situation) revealed that suppression of emotions was displayed by MVP adolescents in 52% of answers, and for healthy participants - 29% of answers (P < 0.001). Cognitive reappraisal strategy was displayed by MVP adolescents in 27% of answers, and for healthy participants – 38% of answers (P < 0.05). Twenty-one percent of answers of MVP adolescents and 33% of answers of healthy participants suggested cognitive transformation of emotional experience and actualization of new meanings in traumatic situations (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMVP adolescents appear to be more sensitive of frustrations and differ from healthy peers in more frequent use of the strategy of suppression of emotions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ДИАГНОСТИКИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ КРЕАТИВНОСТИ

The article presents the analysis results of possible approaches to determination and diagnostics of social (communicative) creativity of a personality and a group. The interest to the phenomena of social creativity has generated the problem of its identification, fixation, evaluation and measurement. The article shows the absence of standard methods of social creativity diagnostics. It explains the opportunity of behavioral creativity diagnostics with the use of indirect methods based on reconstruction and modeling of communicative situations, that must have non-standard, problem and conflict character. The article shows that direct quantitative methods of creative communication diagnostics are interconnected with irreversible consequences of researcher’s interference into the creative process. The author pays her attention to the most appropriate variants of communicative creativity diagnostics, that have been presented by I. E. Strelkova, in particular, to the modified variant of S. Rosenzweig picture frustration test. The article presents modified test approbation data. The applied aspect of the problem being investigated can be realized in psycho-diagnostic practice of psychological services as well as in development of training programs of creative communication effectiveness.

Jealousy, general creativity, and coping with social frustration during the menstrual cycle.

Sensitivity to feelings of jealousy in women (n = 16) at three phases of their menstrual cycle differing in serum hormone concentrations (menses, preovulatory phase, midluteal phase) was investigated. Nonspecific electrodermal activity indicating sympathetic excitation was measured while subjects listened to stories and imagined situations inducing (i) nonsexual jealousy (the partner forms a deep emotional attachment to another woman), (ii) sexual jealousy (the partner has sexual intercourse with another woman), and (iii) no jealousy (social interaction lacking intense emotionality). Subjective ratings of the intensity of jealousy during both stories of jealousy were also assessed. In addition, changes in cognitive coping abilities, in general, and in the context of socially frustrating events, were assessed by tests of divergent thinking (creativity) and the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Test. Frequency of nonspecific electrodermal reactions was generally enhanced during the preovulatory phase. This increase was particularly strong when the women listened to stories inducing nonsexual jealousy, i.e., a story characterized by cues of a complete loss of the partner's investment. Rated jealousy tended to be enhanced during the ovulatory phase, especially after the story of nonsexual jealousy. These changes in emotionality were paralleled by an improved divergent thinking performance and less aggressive coping with socially frustrating events around the time of ovulation.

Suppressed Aggression and Hyperdynamic Cardiovascular Regulation in Normotensive Offspring of Essential Hypertensive Parents

To trace a possible association between suppressed aggression and enhanced responses of the cardiovascular system and plasma catecholamines in a "prehypertensive" state, two groups of 24 subjects with either normal blood pressure and no family history of hypertension or normal blood pressure and a positive family history of hypertension were matched for sex and age (18-24 years). Suppressed aggression was defined by the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, a projective assessment of reactions to everyday stress. Before, during, as well as after application of mental stressors (Stroop color-word conflict test and mental arithmetic), the responses of blood pressure, heart rate, and venous plasma catecholamines were measured. Offspring of hypertensive parents with suppressed aggression (n = 10) had significantly higher heart rates and diastolic blood pressures than offspring of hypertensive parents without suppressed aggression (n = 14), using analyses of covariance for repeated measures to eliminate the influence of anxiety. Plasma norepinephrine responses tended to be greater in the offspring with suppressed aggression. The results suggest that in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, a behavioral pattern with suppressed aggression promotes a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state and enhances the hypertensive developmental process.

Suppressed Aggression and Hyperdynamic Cardiovascular Regulation in Normotensive Offspring of Essential Hypertensive Parents

To trace a possible association between suppressed aggression and enhanced responses of the cardiovascular system and plasma catecholamines in a "prehypertensive" state, two groups of 24 subjects with either normal blood pressure and no family history of hypertension or normal blood pressure and a positive family history of hypertension were matched for sex and age (18-24 years). Suppressed aggression was defined by the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, a projective assessment of reactions to everyday stress. Before, during, as well as after application of mental stressors (Stroop color-word conflict test and mental arithmetic), the responses of blood pressure, heart rate, and venous plasma catecholamines were measured. Offspring of hypertensive parents with suppressed aggression (n = 10) had significantly higher heart rates and diastolic blood pressures than offspring of hypertensive parents without suppressed aggression (n = 14), using analyses of covariance for repeated measures to eliminate the influence of anxiety. Plasma norepinephrine responses tended to be greater in the offspring with suppressed aggression. The results suggest that in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, a behavioral pattern with suppressed aggression promotes a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state and enhances the hypertensive developmental process.

The effect of humor on aggression catharsis in the classroom.

Two studies were designed to measure the cathartic effects of humor on aggressive responses. In the first study, two versions (easy and difficult) of Raven's intelligence test were administered to two groups of high school students. Only the easy version could be solved in the alloted time. Rosenzweig's (1951) Picture Frustration test was then administered and the students' aggressive responses were scored. Results showed that those who did not solve the problems had significantly higher scores on aggressivity than did the others. The second study, using four different groups, was planned according to a modified Solomon design. Two of the four groups of students completed the difficult part of the Raven test, and then two video-tapes were presented: a humorous one to two groups and a neutral one to the others. Finally, the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration test was administered to all four groups. An analysis of variance computed on the aggressivity scores showed one significant difference: frustrated students who viewed the humorous videotape had lower scores than those viewing the neutral one.

Hyperadrenergic Borderline Hypertension is Characterized by Suppressed Aggression

The effect of suppressed aggression on the reactivity of the sympathetic nervous and cardiovascular systems has been investigated in two groups of 24 subjects each with either borderline hypertension or normal blood pressure and no family history of hypertension. Groups were matched for sex and age (18-24 years). Suppressed aggression was defined by the newly standardized Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, a projective method assessing the reaction to everyday stress. Responses of blood pressure, heart rate, and venous plasma catecholamines were measured before and during application of mental stressors, using the Stroop color-word conflict test and mental arithmetic. In an analysis of covariance for repeated measures, which eliminates the influence of anxiety, borderline hypertensive subjects with suppressed aggression had significantly higher heart rates and diastolic blood pressures and a greater noradrenaline reactivity than borderline hypertensive subjects without suppressed aggression or normotensive subjects. Suppressed aggression may lead to a hyperadrenergic form of early borderline hypertension and thereby contribute to higher blood pressure.

The psychiatric significance of dermatitis artefacta.

A total of 71 patients (12 males and 59 females) who attended the University Skin Clinic of Basle in the years 1956-1982, have been investigated by a dermatologist, a psychiatrist and a psychologist. Among 55 female patients (group I and II) 14 had a suicide attempt in their history. Of the 39 female patients of group I 25 (64%) had suffered from a stressful childhood event. Of group I (39 female patients) 19 (48.7%) had had psychiatric therapy in the past or at the time of investigation; 23 patients (59%) had suffered from depressions either in the past or at the time of investigation. Among group II (16 patients) 11 (68.7%) had had psychiatric therapy in the past or at the time of investigation. The psychological test investigation (Colour Pyramid Test and Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test) revealed artefact patients to be in a state of considerable depressive-aggressive tension without being able to handle their emotions and impulses in an adequate manner.

The effects of peer vs. adult frustration on boys of middle childhood.

Summary This experiment investigated the effects of peer vs. adult frustration on aggressive responses of eight-year-old boys. In addition, the effect of frustration vs. nonfrustration on aggressive responding was tested. In two experimental conditions, groups of four boys were brought into a room and read instructions preparing them for a game-competition situation. Either a peer or an adult confederate disrupted the group's goal completion. A control condition without disruption was also used. Considerably more aggression was expressed in the peer condition than in the adult condition, on the basis of the aggression category of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test, Children's Form (20). Frustration in general led to significantly more aggression than no frustration. The results indicated that boys of middle childhood are more attentive to and are likely to exhibit more aggressive reaction to peer frustration than adult frustration. In addition, frustration in general yielded more aggressive reaction ...

Intropunitiveness in suicidal adolescents.

Summary An attempt was made to evaluate the hypothesis that intropunitiveness is the fundamental dynamic underlying the self-destructive behavior of suicidal individuals (especially suicidal adolescents). Suicidal, psychiatrically disturbed but not suicidal, and normal adolescents were administered the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test. Their protocols were scored for intropunitiveness. No significant differences in intropunitive scores were found among the three groups of subjects. It was concluded that the hypothesis needs to be re-examined.

Stimulus-Word Changes in Picture-Frustration Situations

The present study inquires into the influence of certain stimulus-word changes upon responses to picture-frustration situations. The question raised deals with the suitability of picture-frustration instruments in psychological research. METHOD From a total of 97 students in two undergraduate psychology classes, 60 were selected to participate. Those taking part were students who had scored high, either extrapunitively or impunitively, on the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test, Form B, Adult Revision (Rosenzweig, 1947). At one class meeting rhe Rosenzweig P-F test was administered to the 97 students and from this group were chosen 30 Ss who had received the highest extrapunitive (E) scores, and 30 Ss who had received the highest impunitive (M) scores. Students who scored high intrapunitively were not involved. Four absences occurred at subsequent meetings when experimental data were collected, reducing the research group to 56 Ss. - In order to assess the influence of stimulus-word changes upon aggressive behavior of these selected Ss, three original sets of 24 picture-frustration cartoons were drawn. The sets were graphically identical and differed only in the words being addressed to the figure depicted as being thwarted. In Set N the words were judged to be essentially neutral, i.e., neither extrapunitive nor impunitive; in Set E the words were extrapunitive in character; and in Set M they were impunitive. Extrapunitive Ss were assigned at random to one of three picture-frusuation conditions described below. Similarly, impunitive Ss were assigned randomly to one of the following conditions. In Condition N Ss responded to P-F situations containing neutral words. In Condition E Ss responded to P-F situations containing extrapunitive words, and in Condition M Ss responded to P-F situations containing impunitive words.

The performance of stutterers on the Rosenzweig picture-frustration test.

The performance of stutterers on the Rosenzweig picture-frustration test.

A comparison of the performance of stutterers and non-stutterers on the Rosenzweig picture-frustration test.

Journal of Clinical PsychologyVolume 8, Issue 2 p. 179-183 Article A comparison of the performance of stutterers and nonstutterers on the Rosenzweig picture-frustration test Le Roi Madison, Le Roi Madison University of New MexicoSearch for more papers by this authorRalph D. Norman, Ralph D. Norman University of New MexicoSearch for more papers by this author Le Roi Madison, Le Roi Madison University of New MexicoSearch for more papers by this authorRalph D. Norman, Ralph D. Norman University of New MexicoSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1952 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(195204)8:2<179::AID-JCLP2270080217>3.0.CO;2-FCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume8, Issue2April 1952Pages 179-183 RelatedInformation