Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Research Articles

Motivational Orientation, Boredom and Fun in Physical Education: The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem and Motor Self-Efficacy.

Adolescents who enjoy physical education (PE) classes are more likely to be active during out-of-school hours. Similarly, achievement goal theory suggests that task-oriented motivation is associated with higher levels of reported fun during PE classes. In contrast, ego-oriented motivation has been related to boredom in class, but some self-perceptions (e.g., self-esteem or motoric self-efficacy) may modify this relationship and are important for physical activity. Our aim in this paper was to analyze the relationships between motivational orientation and fun and boredom in PE classes by assessing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy. We surveyed 478 teenagers between 13 and 18years of age (M = 14.57; SD = 1.15) with the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Scale (SSI-EF). We used a structural equation model to evaluate relationships between these variables of interest. We found a positive relationship between ego orientation and boredom and between task orientation and fun; and we found a negative relationship between task orientation and boredom in PE classes. Importantly, we observed indirect effects from self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy in the relationships between motivational orientation and boredom and fun in PE. These results highlight the importance of students' motivational orientations in PE classes and illustrate that self-perception of self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy can mediate these relationships.

The Relationship between Social Support and Self -esteem with the Mediating role of Stigmatization among Obese Individuals

This study Aims to explore the Relationship between social support, self-esteem, and stigmatization within the context of obesity among Pakistani individuals, particularly adolescents. study aims to unravel the intriguing relationship between social support and self-esteem amidst the presence of obesity-related stigma. Employing a cross-sectional design, the study gathered data from a diverse sample of 202 adults residing in both urban and rural areas of Gujranwala. To measure the targeted variables, the researchers employed the esteemed Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire. The study's findings are nothing short of remarkable and shed light on previously unexplored dimensions. Surprisingly, a negative correlation emerged between self-esteem and social support, challenging long-held assumptions, and prompting a fresh perspective on these intricate dynamics. Additionally, weight stigma was found to act as a potent mediator between social support and self-esteem, revealing a crucial link in this complex chain. The study's findings are nothing short of remarkable and shed light on previously unexplored dimensions. Surprisingly, a negative correlation emerged between self-esteem and social support, challenging long-held assumptions, and prompting a fresh perspective on these intricate dynamics. Additionally, weight stigma was found to act as a potent mediator between social support and self-esteem, revealing a crucial link in this complex chain., These compelling findings underscore the pivotal role of combating weight stigma in interventions aimed at bolstering self-esteem and social support among the obese population. The implications of this research extend to the realms of clinical and social psychology, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted strategies to alleviate the adverse impacts of stigma within obese communities. This groundbreaking study illuminates the path forward, offering a wealth of knowledge to researchers, clinicians, and policymakers alike. It beckons us to embark on a transformative journey towards creating a society that nurtures self-esteem, fosters social support, and dismantles the shackles of weight stigma in the pursuit of holistic well-being among individuals grappling with obesity.

Influence of Instagram Exposure on People Happiness and Self Esteem

This study investigated at how young people's perceptions of their self esteem and level of happiness in Northern Cyprus were affected by using Instagram. A quantitative study was conducted. 99% of the international students at Cyprus University who were between the ages of 18 and 30 contributed to the sample size of 380, which was determined using the Cochran formula. Data were gathered via an online questionnaire that included validated performance indicators such the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Instagram Intensity Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The aim of the survey was to determine the participants' level of satisfaction and self-esteem while use Instagram. The study's findings indicated that young people's use of Instagram had a detrimental effect on their level of happiness. However, using Instagram positively impacted the self-esteem of those who idealised the selected portrayals of others on social media and engaged in upward social comparison. The study produced several helpful recommendations, such as helping kids develop their critical thinking and media literacy skills so they can evaluate and understand how social media affects their overall welfare and mental health. Provide mental health resources and support services to students who may be experiencing negative consequences on their mental health as a result of consuming social media.

Nursing students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence and its relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy

Understanding nursing students’ attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is pivotal because it may impact the care and support, they provide victims. This study aimed to explore nursing students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence and its relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used in the current study in the faculty of nursing at Mansoura University, Egypt. A total of 1322 nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from April to June 2023 by using various tools: sociodemographic interviews and academic data profiles, the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (IPVAS)—Revised, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (Arabic version), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The findings show the distribution of the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (IPVAS), with 78.7% of nursing students disapproving of the abuse domain, 72.6% (approving of the violence domain) and 34.2% approving of the control domain. 65.8% had a moderate level of self-esteem, and 62.8% had a low level of self-efficacy. The study concluded that self-esteem and self-efficacy are significant in shaping attitudes toward intimate partner violence; higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy are associated with lower approval for intimate partner violence. Further research is needed to explore the factors that contribute to attitudes and levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy among nursing students. It would also be useful to study how education and training affect these attitudes.

The Relationship Between Cyberbullying And Self-Esteem In Adolescents At Global Edu High School

The rapid development of social media among teenagers has served as an easily accessible communication tool, creating new trends in society, namely cyberbullying. One's self-esteem is influenced by social relationships and how they feel valued. Many cases indicate that teenagers often experience low self-esteem, one of which is due to cyberbullying. This study aims to determine the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem in teenagers at Edu Global High School. The study employed a correlational design with a cross-sectional research approach. The population consisted of 61 active 10th-grade students at Edu Global High School, with 61 respondents as the research sample. The data collection technique used total sampling. Data collection employed two types of questionnaires, namely the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey Instrument. Data analysis utilized univariate analysis presented in the form of distribution and bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that in the case of cyberbullying, the majority (87%) were perpetrators with a low category (53 respondents), while the majority (82%) were also victims with a low category (50 respondents). Regarding self-esteem, the majority (67%) had high self-esteem (41 respondents) and almost entirely (33%) were in the low category (20 respondents). The research results indicated a p-value of 0.011 < 0.05, which means there is a significant relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem in a negative direction, indicating that the higher the level of cyberbullying experienced by teenagers, the lower their self-esteem. In conclusion, this study found a significant negative relationship between cyberbullying and the self-esteem of teenagers at Edu Global High School. The higher the level of experienced cyberbullying, the lower their self-esteem. This emphasizes the importance of the role of nurses and the school in enhancing student self-esteem and addressing cyberbullying issues. These findings provide important insights into the impact of social media on teenagers. Therefore, it is hoped that nurses and the school authorities can work to help improve student self-esteem.

Effect of drama training on self-esteem and personality strengths: A feasibility case control study of nidotherapy.

Although there are many case reports and qualitative studies on the likely positive effects of drama on mental health there have been few quantitative studies with mentally ill patients. To assess the effect of drama training in patients receiving nidotherapy with a range of mental and personality disorders on changes in self-esteem and personality strengths over a 1-month period compared with two control groups, one with similar mental disorders and another without, who had similar assessments but no acting involvement. A total of 19 patients were recruited from a mental health charity with current significant mental illness (active group: n = 6) (b) a control group of patients with current mental illness who were not involved in acting (n = 5), and an additional control group with no current mental illness (n = 8) The patients involved in drama were taking part in nidotherapy, an environmental intervention. Two self-rating scales, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Abbreviated Personality Strengths Scale (APSS) recorded changes in self-esteem and personality strengths at base-line and after 1 month in the participants. Random effects modelling was used to analyse the data. The intervention group showed positive improvement in personality strengths (p = .009) compared to the control group that had no mental illness, and also improved more than the control group with mental illness but not to a significant degree (p = .16). Self-esteem recorded with the Rosenberg scale was lower in those in the acting group at baseline compared with the other two groups (p = .088) but after acting training improved by 29% to be equivalent to the control groups. Despite the limited numbers in this study, and the consequent inability to make firm conclusions about the efficacy of drama therapy as part of nidotherapy, the findings suggest that larger trials of this approach are feasible and worth exploring. .

The Correlation between Self-efficacy and Motivation on Elderly's Daily Independence

Background: Changes in body composition during adolescence can affect the self-concept of teenagers, including self-esteem and body image. Physical changes often drive teenagers to strive for an ideal appearance through various means, including make-up. Adolescents preoccupied with physical appearance tend to develop opinions and feelings about their bodies' size, shape, appearance, and abilities. This study aimed to determine the correlations between make-up dependency to self-esteem and body image among female students in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Method: This study utilized a quantitative descriptive approach involving 180 female students aged 18-22, selected through random sampling. Data was collected using DeFleur's makeup dependency questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS). Statistical data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test (X2). Results: The results revealed that the majority of the female students; obtained a moderate level of makeup dependency, had high self-esteem, showed a positive body image, there was no significant correlation between makeup dependency and self-esteem, with a p-value of 0.764 > 0.05, and there was no significant correlation between makeup dependency and body image, with a p-value of 0.063 > 0.05. Conclusion: Both self-esteem and body image are high and positive among female students.

Self-Esteem in Adults With ADHD Using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: A Systematic Review

Objective: To summarize and analyze recent articles investigating self-esteem in adults with ADHD, focusing on the impact of demographic and clinical characteristics, and methodological issues. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search for literature published between 2010 and 2022 was conducted in the Web of Science, Ovid, Pubmed, and EBSCO databases. Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Five of the six studies including healthy controls reported lower self-esteem in participants with ADHD. ADHD symptoms correlated negatively with self-esteem. Gender differences were not observed. Self-esteem mediated several outcomes associated with ADHD. There was a lack of studies that examined potential mechanisms behind the reduced self-esteem, and studies controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: A robust association between ADHD and low self-esteem in adults emerged, but the lack of control of confounding variables is critical to consider when interpreting the findings. Longitudinal studies addressing the limitations of the current studies are needed.

Examining the validity and reliability of the academic entitlement scale in Turkish culture

This study aims to adapt the Academic Entitlement Scale to Turkish culture and examine the scale's measurement invariance according to gender. The study was conducted with 372 university students aged 18 and 54 (I = 20.90). The study used the Academic Entitlement Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Locus of Control Scale as data collection tools. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to identify the construct validity of the scale. The measurement invariance of the scale according to gender was examined using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations between research variables were analyzed with the Pearson Correlation Test. Cronbach's Alpha was performed to measure the internal consistency reliability of the study. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that academic entitlement was positively correlated with self-esteem and external locus of control. In addition, it was revealed that the externalized responsibility sub-dimension was positively correlated to narcissism. The research findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool within Turkish culture.

Validity of the Jordanian version of the Life Snapshot Inventory

ABSTRACT This study aimed to validate the Life Snapshot Inventory (LSI) as a self-report instrument to measure meaningful personal and social factors. This study involved 693 Jordanian participants (M = 29 years) in its sample. The LSI was compared with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to examine its convergent validity. The results demonstrated a high internal consistency (α = .92) of the LSI, with a correlation ranging between .74 and .87, both of which were statistically significant. Further, the factorial analysis identified only one factor (45.31% variance). Additionally, the results showed that both the DASS-21 and treatment options had an effect on the total scores of the LSI and the RSES. However, the results did not show any effects on the variables of gender, employment, and qualification. The examined questionnaire would be a helpful measure for use in healthcare, diagnosis, and clinical contexts in Jordanian society.

Kompetencje społeczne nauczycieli szkół średnich a ich samoocena

Modern schools place high demands on teachers in terms of broadly understood professional preparation, which is supported not only by knowledge of what and how to teach, but also by social competences manifested by interpersonal skills, enabling effective teaching and upbringing of children and adolescents. These competences are strongly conditioned by personality traits. The article takes into account self-esteem as a correlate of social competences of secondary school teachers, which is an attitude towards oneself, especially towards one’s own capabilities and other socially valuable features. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the social competences of the surveyed teachers, their profiles and self-esteem. To obtain answers to the research problems, the PROKOS Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were used. The obtained results allowed us to confirm the working hypothesis about the relationship between the presented variables. There were positive correlations both between the level of self-esteem of the surveyed teachers and the overall result of their social competences, as well as all the analyzed profiles of these competences.

The role of explicit and implicit self-esteem in the relationship between childhood trauma and adult depression and anxiety

BackgroundSelf-esteem is an important psychological concept that can be measured explicitly (reflective processing) and implicitly (associative processing). The current study examined 1) the association between childhood trauma (CT) and both explicit and implicit self-esteem, and 2) whether self-esteem mediated the association between CT and depression/anxiety. MethodsIn 1479 adult participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, CT was assessed with a semi-structured interview, depression/anxiety symptoms with self-report questionnaires and explicit and implicit self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Implicit Association Test, respectively. ANOVAs and regression analyses determined the association between CT (no/mild/severe CT), its subtypes (abuse/neglect) and self-esteem. Finally, we examined whether self-esteem mediated the relationship between CT and depression/anxiety. ResultsParticipants with CT reported lower explicit (but not lower implicit) self-esteem compared to those without CT (p < .001, partial η2 = 0.06). All CT types were associated with lower explicit self-esteem (p = .05 for sexual abuse, p < .001 for other CT types), while only emotional neglect significantly associated with lower implicit self-esteem after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (p = .03). Explicit self-esteem mediated the relationship between CT and depression/anxiety symptoms (proportion mediated = 48–77 %). LimitationsThe cross-sectional design precludes from drawing firm conclusions about the direction of the proposed relationships. ConclusionsOur results suggested that the relationship between CT and depression/anxiety symptoms can at least partly be explained by explicit self-esteem. This is of clinical relevance as it points to explicit self-esteem as a potential relevant treatment target for people with CT.

Clinical Symptomatology of Anxiety and Family Function in Adolescents-The Self-Esteem Mediator.

Family, the child's first environment, shapes their psycho-emotional balance. The literature links adolescent anxiety to family relationships, interactions, and dynamics. The self-esteem of adolescents appears to protect their mental health. This study examines whether family cohesion and adaptability affect adolescent anxiety symptoms. It also examines whether teen self-esteem mediates this relationship. This cross-sectional, descriptive study included 166 Attica youth aged 12-18 from schools and educational units. The adolescents completed Olson's FACES-III cohesion and adaptability scale, Spielberger's STAI-C, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Family cohesion, but not adaptability, was negatively correlated with state (rho = -0.25, p = 0.001) and trait (rho = -0.46, p < 0.001) anxiety in the adolescents. Teenagers from extreme families with the lowest cohesion and adaptability had higher trait anxiety (x2(2) = 6.91, p = 0.032) than those from moderately balanced/balanced families. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between the family cohesion functioning and adolescent's state anxiety (p = 0.005) and trait anxiety (p = 0.011). The findings show that family dysfunction negatively impacts adolescent anxiety, as well as their self-esteem, which protects mental balance.

Hubungan Self Esteem Dengan Kejadian Nomophobia Pada Remaja Awal Di SMP Barunawati 1 Jakarta Barat Tahun 2023

The use of smartphones nowadays is increasingly rapid, even teenagers cannot be separated from using these smartphones, but several conditions cause dependence, especially on the internet network, which ultimately gives rise to incidents of nomophobia or conditions of anxiety, fear and even stress and depression in a person, which is caused by the absence of or being away from the internet network on a cellphone and this is considered a modern phobia resulting from individual interactions with information and communication technology, especially smartphones. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between self-esteem and the incidence of nomophobia in early adolescents at SMP Barunawati 1 Petamburan, West Jakarta. This type of research is non-experimental quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling used proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to obtain a sample of 76 students with research instruments in the form of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) questionnaires. Data analysis using Pearson Correlation Product Moment. The results of the research showed that the majority of early adolescents had high self-esteem (71.1%), and the majority of early adolescents had moderate nomophobia (65.8%) and there was a relationship between self-esteem and nomophobia in early adolescents at SMP Barunawati 1 Petamburan, West Jakarta and grades. p value 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that research sites can provide counseling or health education about the impacts of excessive smartphone use.

Biopsychosocial determinant of quality of life of older adults in Pakistan and Canada.

The rapidly rising average age of the older adults has brought various global healthcare challenges. A core challenge is how to enhance their quality of life (QoL). The objective of the current study was to test the significance of biopsychosocial determinants of quality of life of older adults in Pakistan and Canada. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a conveniently approached purposive sample of 1,005 older adults (Pakistani = 557 and Canadian = 448) of age range between 60 years and 80 years. The data were collected via demographic datasheet, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale, Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Berlin Social Support Scale. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that biopsychosocial factors (viz., health and lifestyle, chronic illness, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social support) significantly predicted (R 2 = .27, and.68) quality of life of older adults in Pakistan and Canada, respectively, after controlling the demographic variables. Significant differences were found between Pakistani and Canadian older adults on biopsychosocial factors: Canadian older adults scored significantly higher on health and lifestyle, self-efficacy, and quality of life, and older adults in Pakistan scored significantly higher on self-esteem and social support. A significant amount of better QoL of older adults can be achieved through enhancing the biopsychosocial correlates of their QoL, both in Pakistan and Canada.

Effects of Goal Management Training on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and quality of life for persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Persons with schizophrenia often show executive dysfunction assessed with both subjective (self-report) and objective (neuropsychological tests) measures. In a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), subjective executive functioning in everyday life was improved following Goal Management Training (GMT). The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential of GMT to improve secondary well-being outcomes from that RCT, including self-esteem, self-efficacy, and quality of life in persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Since well-being is frequently lower in persons with schizophrenia compared to healthy individuals, further knowledge about well-being as an outcome after cognitive remediation may have implications for clinical treatment. Sixty-five participants were randomly assigned to GMT (n = 31) or a waiting list control condition (n = 34). Assessments were conducted at baseline (T1), immediately after the intervention (T2-5 weeks), and at six-month follow-up (T3). Measures included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Quality of Life Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results were analyzed using a linear mixed model analysis for repeated measures. There were no significant effects of GMT on self-esteem or quality of life. Only the GMT group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy that was most evident at six months follow-up, F(1, 34) = 10.71, p = 0.002, d = 0.71. Improved self-efficacy was found to correlate significantly with a reduction in perceived executive dysfunction in an exploratory post hoc analysis. Our findings demonstrate the potential of GMT in improving self-efficacy in schizophrenia Clinical trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03048695.

Social Support, Health Behaviors, Self-Esteem, and Successful Aging in a Sub-Saharan African Sample of Older Adults: Test of a Sequential Mediation Model.

Previous research demonstrates that social support facilitates successful aging across all cultures. However, the factors that potentially mediate the link between social support and successful aging remain unclear. This study examined whether a healthy lifestyle and self-esteem mediate the association between social support and successful aging. It was hypothesized that the relationship between social support (family, friends, and significant other) and successful aging would be serially mediated by both healthy lifestyle and self-esteem. Participants were 479 Nigerian retirees (53.4% female) aged 60 to 90 years (Mage = 64.81, SD = 6.86). They provided information on relevant demographic variables and completed the following measures: Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist (Fitness Appraisal), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale, and Successful Aging Inventory. Three separate regression models (family, friends, and significant other dimensions of social support) were conducted using the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS with 5,000 bootstrap estimates. Controlling for age and sex, family support, significant other support, friends support, healthy lifestyle, and self-esteem were directly associated with successful aging. The association between family support and successful aging was mediated by healthy lifestyle; and this was also seen for friends' support and significant other support. The sequential path from social support to successful aging through healthy lifestyle, and then via improved self-esteem, was significant for family support and significant other support, but not friends support. Findings suggest that middle-aged to older adults who have strong support from their families and significant others may be more likely to engage in healthy behaviors and, in turn, experience higher levels of self-esteem, thereby aging well.

The Role of Internalized Stigma in Modulating Hope, Self-esteem, and Self-efficacy Among Outpatients with Mental Illness

Background: Mental health disorders influence emotions and behavior and frequently result in stigma, particularly personal stigma, where affected individuals internalize societal biases. This study explores the relationship between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in individuals with mental illness. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in patients with mental illness and to contribute to the discourse on mental health care. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 126 mental illness outpatients from Amirkabir Hospital in Arak, Iran, was conducted. Instruments such as the Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, Schneider's Dispositional Hope Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, and the General Self-efficacy Scale were utilized. Data were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: In this study of 126 participants (54% women, 46% men; ages ranging from 18 to 89), the average score for internalized stigma was 61.04 ± 18.37. There were significant negative correlations observed between self-stigma and hope (r = -0.658, P &lt; 0.001), self-esteem (r = -0.666, P &lt; 0.001), and self-efficacy (r = -0.641, P &lt; 0.001). No significant relationships were identified with socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and marital status. However, a significant relationship was observed between education level, self-stigma, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: The study confirms that internalized stigma significantly affects hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in patients with mental disorders. The findings emphasize the necessity for improved psychological services and educational programs to strengthen these factors, thus diminishing the impact of stigma and enhancing patients' lives.

The Use of Instagram and TikTok in Relation to Problematic Use and Well-Being

AbstractMuch of the existing literature on the influence of social media use on well-being has focused on Facebook. Additionally, there exist inconsistencies in how different aspects of social media use (i.e., duration, problematic use, and emotional investment) impact well-being. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate how engagement with social media (Instagram and TikTok) was related to problematic social media use and mental well-being. Additionally, this study examined individuals’ emotional investment (value attributed to “likes” and social media followers) on each platform and how this related to problematic social media use and well-being. In this correlational study, 252 participants completed an online questionnaire including validated scales (e.g., the Rosenberg self-esteem scale) and items measuring the time spent on each platform (minutes per day) and the importance of likes, and followers. Time spent on TikTok was a significant positive predictor of problematic social media use, depression, and self-esteem, however, did not predict loneliness. Time spent on Instagram was a significant positive predictor of problematic social media use, but not any other well-being factors. These latter findings highlight the need to investigate additional factors related to how individuals are using social media, as duration is not a sufficient predictor of well-being. Problematic social media use was a significant positive predictor of depression and self-esteem, but not loneliness. Emotional investment varied in predicting problematic social media use and well-being across the two social media platforms. Present findings may alert clinical psychologists to the importance of monitoring social media use in clinical populations.

Mixed-Mode Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological resilience, Self Esteem and Stigma of patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPeople with schizophrenia often face challenges such as lower psychological resilience, reduced self-worth, and increased social stigma, hindering their recovery. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has shown promise in boosting psychological resilience and self-esteem while diminishing stigma. However, MBCT demands professional involvement and substantial expenses, adding to the workload of professionals and the financial strain on patients. Mixed-mode Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (M-MBCT) integrates both “face-to-face” and “self-help” approaches to minimize staff effort and costs. This study aims to assess the impact of M-MBCT on the psychological resilience, self-esteem, and stigma in schizophrenia patients.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded clinical trial enrolled 174 inpatients with schizophrenia. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent an 8-week M-MBCT intervention, while the control group received standard treatment. Data collection employed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) before and after the intervention. Post-intervention, significant differences in ISMI, CD-RISC, and RSES scores were observed between the experimental and control groups.ResultsIn the experimental group, ISMI scores notably decreased, while CD-RISC and RSES scores significantly increased (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, education, and family history of mental illness as significant factors related to stigma (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between the reduction in CD-RISC scores and the reduction in ISMI scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionM-MBCT effectively enhanced psychological resilience and self-esteem while diminishing stigma in individuals with schizophrenia. M-MBCT emerges as a promising treatment option for schizophrenia sufferers.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 03/06/2023 (www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR ID: ChiCTR2300069071).