Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Scores Research Articles

Exploring paruresis (‘shy bladder syndrome’) and factors that may contribute to it: a cross-sectional UK survey study

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and severity of paruresis (‘shy bladder syndrome’) in a population of university staff and students and to determine if there was any relationship between demographics, self-esteem, presence of social anxiety disorders and negative toilet experiences and paruresis.DesignWe undertook an anonymised cross-sectional online survey using Microsoft Forms. We invited participants aged 18 and over to complete the survey which included demographic information; any pre-existing medically or self-diagnosed anxiety-related conditions; Shy Bladder Scale (SBS); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and questions about using school toilets in their younger life. We defined ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ paruresis based on total SBS cut-off scores of greater than or equal to 31 and greater than or equal to 40. We calculated prevalence of paruresis, and explored differences in self-esteem, school toilet experience and social anxiety disorders between individuals with and without paruresis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine which variables had any influence on having a ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ paruresis diagnosis.SettingWe distributed the survey to all staff and students via their university email address as well as promoting the survey on university social media sites.ResultsWe received responses from 356 individuals. Most participants (237, 66.6%) were within the 18–30 year age category and most (277, 77.8%) were white. There were 221 (62.1%) females, 119 (33.4%) males and 16 (4.5%) other genders. The prevalence of ‘mild’ paruresis was 25.8% and of ‘severe’ paruresis 14.9% in this sample. 73.0% indicated that they had at least one medically or self-diagnosed anxiety disorder. There was a statistically significant difference in the total SBS score between individuals with and without an existing anxiety disorder (8 vs 19, <0.001). The adjusted odds of ‘mild’ paruresis were higher for men than women (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.90 to 6.06), lower for those with a lower RSES score (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.96), lower for those for a lower school toilet experience score (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99) and higher for those with at least one anxiety disorder (OR 3.164; 95% CI 1.52 to 6.59). The adjusted odds of ‘severe’ paruresis were higher for men than women (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.32 to 5.12), lower for those with a lower RSES score (OR 0.90; CI 0.84 to 0.97) and higher for those with at least one anxiety disorder (OR 2.99 (1.18–7.56)).ConclusionLarge organisations should consider measures to help manage anxiety and improve toilet experiences. These could include resources and signposting to manage anxiety disorders and single-occupancy toilets and toilets in quiet areas to limit anxiety associated with shy bladder syndrome.

Investigation of Body Perception, Alexithymic Characteristics, and Self-Esteem in Patients Underwent Septorhinoplasty.

Objective: This study evaluated patients' body perception, self-esteem, and personality traits during the preoperative and postoperative periods of septorhinoplasty. Based on these evaluations, we may provide patient selection recommendations for septorhinoplasty applicants. Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire study, 86 patients who underwent primary septorhinoplasty in the Department of Otolaryngology at Bilecik Training and Research Hospital were included between March 2023 and 2024. The same surgeon performed all operations. The preoperative Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Body Perception Scale (BPS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and TEMPS-A Temperament Scale in the preoperative period and ROE, RSES, and BPS in the postoperative period were applied. Results: Fifty-four female and 32 male patients participated in our study. The mean age was 24.0 ± 0.6 years. While there was no significant difference in the BPS and RSES scores between the preoperative and postoperative periods, the total ROE score was significantly higher in the postoperative than in the preoperative period. Postoperative ROE scores were positively correlated with RSES and hyperthymic temperament. In contrast, it was negatively correlated with depressive temperament, cyclothymic temperament, anxious temperament, BPS total score, TAS total score, and TAS emotion recognition and expression subscale scores. In the group with alexithymia features separated according to the TAS cutoff score, preoperative and postoperative ROE results were significantly lower, whereas depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious personality traits and total BPS scores were higher. However, the postoperative RSBE scores were lower in this group. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate self-esteem, body image, alexithymia, and personality traits in septorhinoplasty patients. Appropriate patient selection is essential for success and patient satisfaction in aesthetic operations such as septorhinoplasty. Performing BPS, TEMPS-A, and TAS may help evaluate psychological factors.

Comparison of Self-Esteem and Academic Procrastination among Male and Female Healthcare Undergraduates-A Comparative Study.

Objective: To validate the academic procrastination scale (APS) and Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (RSES) and to compare mean score of self- esteem and academic procrastination among male and female students of Southern Punjab.Methodology: This was the Cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduates of MBBS, Physiotherapy (DPT), Pharmacy (D-Pharmacy) and Allied Health Sciences (AHS) disciplines of private institute of Bahawalpur Medical College (BMC) from January till March-2024. The study tool was comprised of three sections. Section one was about demographic variables like gender, age, graduation program. APS of Tuckman and RSES was used to measure APS and SES in section two and three respectively. For data analysis SPSS version 27 was used. Normality of data was checked with Shapiro-Wilk test. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the validity of APS and RSES. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Result: Total n=400 forms were distributed from which n=387 were included for data analysis with 93.6% of response rate There was total n=262 (67.7%) female and n=125 (32.3%) male students. Male students were found to be more procrastinator then female students (39.3 + 8.17) and (42.72 + 9.8) respectively. While comparing RSES, there was insignificant difference found. Male students had higher RSES score as compare to female students 27.93 + 4.6 and 28.6+ 4.50 respectively-table.3. APS was found to be validated tool at Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.821.Conclusion: Academic Procrastination Scale was found to be valid tool in local context. Lower APS was found among male students showed more procrastinators then female gender. Key Words: Academic Procrastination, Procrastination, Self-Esteem, undergraduates.

Associations between parental rearing style and amygdala and hippocampal subfield abnormalities in drug-naive females with anorexia nervosa

BackgroundAltered volumes in the hippocampus and amygdala have been linked to anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to investigate amygdala and hippocampal subfields volume abnormalities in AN patients, and their associations with parental rearing practices and clinical psychological characteristics.MethodsThis study included twenty-nine drug-naive females with AN from West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China, and fifty-nine age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) recruited through advertisement. All participants underwent T1-weighted imaging. Amygdala and hippocampal subfields volume was calculated using FreeSurfer 7.0. The Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to assess the psychological characteristics of AN patients. The Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) was employed to evaluate parental rearing practices. Group differences in brain volumes were analyzed with covariates like age and total intracranial volume (TIV). Partial correlation analysis explored the correlations between brain region volumes and clinical psychological characteristics.ResultsAN patients exhibited lower RSES and CSES scores, and more adverse parental rearing style than healthy norms. After adjusting for covariates, AN patients showed decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the left medial (Me) and cortical (Co) nucleus, as well as in the right hippocampal-amygdala transition area (HATA). GMV in the left Me was correlated with years of education among HCs but not among AN patients. GMV in the right HATA was positively correlated with paternal penalty and severity, as well as maternal overinterference.ConclusionThis study supports structure abnormalities in amygdala and hippocampus in AN patients and suggests that parental rearing practices may be associated with hippocampal abnormalities, potentially contributing to the pathophysiology of AN. Addressing appropriate parental rearing styles may offer a positive impact on AN.

The Effect of Oral and Dental Health Status on the Self-Esteem Levels of Turkish University Youth

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of oral and dental health status on the self-esteem levels of Turkish university youth. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included a sample of 962 Turkish university youth, aged 16 - 24, who met all the study criteria during the 2020 - 2021 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The data were analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. T-tests were used for pairwise comparisons, and one-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons. Results: Among the students who participated in the study, 56.7% were found to have high self-esteem, with a mean RSES score of 1.69 ± 1.62. Statistically significant differences were found between the RSES score and several factors, including decayed teeth (P < 0.01), presence of halitosis (P < 0.01), tooth color (P < 0.01), crooked teeth (P = 0.045), and toothache (P = 0.008). It was determined that dental crookedness, decayed teeth, bad breath, dark yellow teeth, the presence of tooth fillings, and extracted teeth were negatively associated with self-esteem. However, no statistically significant differences were found between self-esteem and factors such as the presence of tooth fillings, extracted teeth, tooth brushing habits, frequency of dental visits, or snack food consumption (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that poor oral care negatively impacts individuals' self-esteem. Issues related to oral and dental health, particularly concerning the appearance and condition of teeth, affect young people's relationships and self-confidence in social environments. It is crucial to develop family and school education programs, as well as national policies, particularly during childhood and university years, when attitudes toward oral and dental health are being established.

Task-induced deactivation dysfunction during reward processing is associated with low self-esteem in a possible subtype of major depression.

Low self-esteem is a frequent symptom in major depressive disorder (MDD). This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated whether MDD patients with low self-esteem show a distinct neural pathophysiology. Previous studies linked low self-esteem to reduced task-induced deactivation of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) as a part of the default mode network, and to reduced connectivity between pgACC and reward system. Goya-Maldonado etal. identified an MDD subtype with pgACC and ventral striatal overactivations during reward processing. We hypothesized that this subtype might be characterized by low self-esteem. Eighty-three MDD patients performed the desire-reason dilemma task and completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Brain activity during bottom-up reward processing was regressed upon the RSES scores, controlling for depression severity measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. To corroborate the findings, we compared self-esteem scores between patient subgroups with impaired task-induced deactivation (n=31) and with preserved task-induced deactivation (n=31) of the pgACC. Consistent with our a priori hypothesis, activity in a bilateral fronto-striatal network including pgACC and ventral striatum correlated negatively with RSES scores, also when controlling for depression severity. In the additional analysis, patients with impaired task-induced pgACC deactivation showed lower self-esteem (t (52.82)=-2.27; p=.027, d=0.58) compared to those with preserved task-induced pgACC deactivation. We conclude that low self-esteem in MDD patients is linked to a task-induced deactivation dysfunction of the pgACC. Our findings suggest that a previously described possible subtype of MDD with pgACC and ventral striatal overactivations during reward processing is clinically characterized by low self-esteem.

Prognostic Features of Sarcopenia in Older Hospitalized Patients: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study.

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse health outcomes. Understanding the association between sarcopenia, multidimensional frailty, and prognosis is essential for improving patient care. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and prognostic signature of sarcopenia in an acute hospital setting co-led by internists and geriatricians. Methods: Sarcopenia was assessed by applying the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) algorithm, including the SARC-F score, handgrip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, to 97 older multimorbid inpatients (76.5 ± 6.8 years, 55% women). The patients underwent a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) including an evaluation of Geriatric Syndromes (GSs) and Resources (GR) and prognosis calculation using the CGA-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), European Quality of life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Information on survival and rehospitalizations was collected 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. Results: Sarcopenia was present in 63% (95% CI: 54-72%) of patients and categorized as probable (31%), confirmed (13%), and severe sarcopenia (18%). Sarcopenic patients showed significantly higher median MPI-values (p < 0.001), more GSs (p = 0.033), fewer GR (p = 0.003), lower EQ-5D-5L scores (p < 0.001), and lower RSES scores (p = 0.025) than non-sarcopenic patients. Six months after discharge, being sarcopenic at baseline was predictive of falls (p = 0.027) and quality of life (p = 0.043), independent of age, gender, and MPI. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older hospitalized multimorbid patients and is associated with poorer prognosis, mood, and quality of life up to 6 months after discharge, independent of age, sex, and MPI as surrogate markers of biological age.

Mixed-Mode Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological resilience, Self Esteem and Stigma of patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPeople with schizophrenia often face challenges such as lower psychological resilience, reduced self-worth, and increased social stigma, hindering their recovery. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has shown promise in boosting psychological resilience and self-esteem while diminishing stigma. However, MBCT demands professional involvement and substantial expenses, adding to the workload of professionals and the financial strain on patients. Mixed-mode Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (M-MBCT) integrates both “face-to-face” and “self-help” approaches to minimize staff effort and costs. This study aims to assess the impact of M-MBCT on the psychological resilience, self-esteem, and stigma in schizophrenia patients.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded clinical trial enrolled 174 inpatients with schizophrenia. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent an 8-week M-MBCT intervention, while the control group received standard treatment. Data collection employed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) before and after the intervention. Post-intervention, significant differences in ISMI, CD-RISC, and RSES scores were observed between the experimental and control groups.ResultsIn the experimental group, ISMI scores notably decreased, while CD-RISC and RSES scores significantly increased (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, education, and family history of mental illness as significant factors related to stigma (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between the reduction in CD-RISC scores and the reduction in ISMI scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionM-MBCT effectively enhanced psychological resilience and self-esteem while diminishing stigma in individuals with schizophrenia. M-MBCT emerges as a promising treatment option for schizophrenia sufferers.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 03/06/2023 (www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR ID: ChiCTR2300069071).

Examination of Resilience and Self-esteem Levels of Parents of Children With Disability

In society's foundational structure, families play a crucial role in overall happiness. Parental influence on child health is pivotal. While health challenges bring social, economic, and psychological burdens, resilience emerges as key. Resilience engages with self-esteem, benefiting parental well-being and care for special needs children, offering a positive environment for both. This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological resilience and self-esteem levels of parents of children with special needs, suggesting a positive link between elevated psychological resilience and self-esteem in parents. The study employed a relational scale strategy to investigate psychological resilience and self-esteem among parents of children with special needs. The sample comprised 156 parents of children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities in Ankara, Turkey. Measures included the "Short Psychological Resilience Scale (SPRS)" and the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS)." Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression analysis (p&lt;.05). In the study's results, the data demonstrated normal distribution. Employed parents demonstrated higher SPRS and RSS scores compared to unemployed parents. While parents with children engaged in sports displayed higher scores, the difference wasn't statistically significant (p&gt;.05). Parents’ education level played a significant role; bachelor's degree holders had notably higher scores. Positive correlation was observed between SPRS and RSS scores (r=.411). Regression analysis confirmed a robust predictive relationship (R2=.169) between self-esteem and resilience. Raising special needs children requires elevated self-esteem and resilience due to multifaceted caregiving responsibilities. Traumatic experiences may impact self-esteem and resilience, prompting the need for a positive outlook for parental caregiving.

Investigation of social appearance anxiety and self-esteem in individuals planned for aesthetic rhinoplasty.

Recently, aesthetic rhinoplasty surgeries performed to change the external appearance have become increasingly common, especially among young people. This study examined the frequency of social appearance anxiety, self-esteem, and social media use in people with rhinoplasty surgeries for aesthetic concerns. A total of 76 people, including 27 healthy controls and 49 aesthetic rhinoplasty planned cases, were included in the study. All participants were administered the sociodemographic data form, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BMSAS). The RSE score of the case group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001), and the SAAS (p=0.004) and BSMAS (p=0.005) scores were significantly higher. A significant negative correlation was observed between the RSE scale score, SAAS, and BMSAS. There was a significant positive relationship between SAAS and BSMAS. Cut-off values were determined using the ROC analysis. When the value of 1.41 was taken as the cut-off for RSE, 81.6% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity were found and were good predictors. When the value of 21 was taken as the cut-off for SAAS, 83.7% sensitivity and 51.9% specificity were found, and it was found to be a good predictor. When the value of 19 was taken as the cut-off for BSMAS, 42.9% sensitivity, and 88.9% specificity were found, and it was found to be a good predictor. People who undergo aesthetic rhinoplasty have high social appearance anxiety and self-esteem and frequent use of social media. More extensive sample studies are needed to examine the effects of this situation on rhinoplasty.

Self-esteem: A study on the relationship between self-esteem and factors affecting student life

Objective: 1) To assess self-esteem scores in college students. 2) To study the effects of various variables on self-esteem scores. Method: In this study by AACCI, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) scale was used (n = 354; age range: 17-21 yrs.; M= 18.63 yrs., SD = 1.06 yrs) self-esteem and its relationship with age, sibling status, academic course, engagement in extracurricular activities, self-perceived internet and social media usage and dependence, substance use, and self-perception of control over one’s life in an all-women’s college in North India. The data were analysed using t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Results: Majority (76.27%) of the group has low scores (10-24), a minority (23.73%) have moderate scores (25-35) and no (0%) participants have high scores (36-40). Low RSES scores were seen in those participating in interschool/college competitions (n=77, 28.52%) (M = 23.922, SD = 1.403) vs those who did not (n=193, 71.48%) (M = 23.378, SD = 1.383), {t (268) = 2.905, p = 0.002}. Participants who engaged in interschool/ college sports competitions (n=15, 17.86%) (M = 26.333, SD = 0.617) had significantly higher moderate scores vs those who did (n=69, 82.14%) (M = 26.855, SD = 1.061), {t (82) = 1.833, p = 0.035.} Significantly lower scores were seen in participants using social media (n=255, 94.44%) (M = 23.596, SD = 1.368) as compared to participants who did not (n=15, 5.56%) (M = 22.467, SD = 1.685), {t (268) = 3.066, p = 0.001}. Other demographic variables had no statistically significant effects (p &gt;0.05). Conclusion: Participation in extracurricular activities improved self-esteem in students. Social media usage significantly impacted self-esteem negatively. Most participants had low to moderate self-esteem scores. None had high scores. AACCI recommended a session of Life Skill Education with special emphasis on self-esteem.

Otoplasty in Adults: Psychological Impacts on Quality of Life.

Psychological distress, emotional trauma, and behavioral problems related to prominent ears can cause complicated situations in children and adults. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the psychological impact on quality of life after Otoplasty. The study used several measures, including the Glasgow Benefit Inventory, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Body Image Scale (BIS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Visual Analogue Score (VAS), which were completed before and six months after the surgery. The GBI questionnaire was used to detect the health-related quality of life changes after Otoplasty, as it is a reliable, valid, and responsive measure. Six months after the surgery, BIS total scores, VAS scores, and SAAS scores decreased significantly, while RSES scores were not significantly different. These results suggest that Otoplasty can significantly impact adult patients' psychological well-being and quality of life and that the surgery should be considered regardless of age.

Effects of a Preventive Mental Health Curriculum Embedded Into a Scholarly Gaming Course on Adolescent Self-Esteem: Prospective Matched Pairs Experiment.

Positive self-esteem predicts happiness and well-being and serves as a protective factor for favorable mental health. Scholarly gaming within the school setting may serve as a channel to deliver a mental health curriculum designed to improve self-esteem. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a scholarly gaming curriculum with and without an embedded preventive mental health curriculum, Mental Health Moments (MHM), on adolescents' self-esteem. The scholarly gaming curriculum and MHM were developed by 3 educators and a school-based health intervention expert. The scholarly gaming curriculum aligned with academic guidelines from the International Society for Technology Education, teaching technology-based career skills and video game business development. The curriculum consisted of 40 lessons, delivered over 14 weeks for a minimum of 120 minutes per week. A total of 83 schools with previous gaming engagement were invited to participate and 34 agreed. Schools were allocated to +MHM or -MHM arms through a matched pairs experimental design. The -MHM group received the scholarly gaming curriculum alone, whereas the +MHM group received the scholarly gaming curriculum plus MHM embedded into 27 lessons. MHM integrated concepts from the PERMA framework in positive psychology as well as the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) standards in education, which emphasize self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. Participants in the study were students at schools offering scholarly gaming curricula and were enrolled at recruitment sites. Participants completed a baseline and postintervention survey quantifying self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (score range 0-30). A score <15 characterizes low self-esteem. Participants who completed both baseline and postintervention surveys were included in the analysis. Of the 471 participants included in the analysis, 235 received the -MHM intervention, and 236 received the +MHM intervention. Around 74.9% (n=353) of participants were in high school, and most (n=429, 91.1%) reported this was their first year participating in scholarly gaming. Most participants were male (n=387, 82.2%). Only 58% (n=273) reported their race as White. The average self-esteem score at baseline was 17.9 (SD 5.1). Low self-esteem was reported in 22.1% (n=104) of participants. About 57.7% (n=60) of participants with low self-esteem at baseline rated themselves within the average level of self-esteem post intervention. When looking at the two groups, self-esteem scores improved by 8.3% among the +MHM group compared to no change among the -MHM group (P=.002). Subgroup analyses revealed that improvements in self-esteem attributed to the +MHM intervention differed by race, gender, and sexual orientation. Adolescents enrolled in a scholarly gaming curriculum with +MHM had improved self-esteem, shifting some participants from abnormally low self-esteem scores into normal ranges. Adolescent advocates, including health care providers, need to be aware of nontraditional educational instruction to improve students' well-being.

Gender differences in quality of life of vitiligo patients attending a tertiary care center

Background: Vitiligo is a common depigmenting dermatosis characterized by milky-white macules or patches. Any pathological discoloration of the skin has been linked to an impact on the body image of an individual, and vitiligo has been linked to decreased self-esteem and poor socialization of the affected people. In Indian society, vitiligo is labeled as Shweta-Kushta (i.e., white-colored leprosy) and is compared to leprosy—a more stigmatizing skin condition. Aim: This study aims to study gender-related differences in the quality of life of Indian vitiligo patients. Methodology: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, a total of 55 vitiligo patients (females 25 and males 30) were enrolled using the purposive sampling technique. The sample was assessed on Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) to assess their quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological well-being, respectively. The gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical details as well as their relationship with the quality of life of the patients were sought with the help of appropriate statistical measures. Results: The patients of both genders were comparable in terms of all sociodemographic and clinical variables except the females being less educated and employed than the males. There was a statistically significant trend of higher mean DLQI total score in females than males (6.6 ± 3.55 vs 4.8 ± 2.71, Mann–Whitney U = 263.5, P =0.058). Significantly, the average DLQI score in female vitiligo patients was negatively related to family income (r s = -.659, P &lt;.001) and it was significantly higher for the patients from a rural background than those from an urban background (8.55 ± 3.30 vs 5.07 ± 3.03, Mann–Whitney U = 33.5, P &lt;.05). The average DLQI score was negatively correlated to RSS score but positively correlated to GHQ-12 score in patients of both genders. Conclusion: The quality of life of female patients with vitiligo is poorer than the same in male patients. The poor financial condition of families and rural living are two factors related to the poorer quality of life of female patients. A poorer quality of life in vitiligo patients of both genders is linked with decreased self-esteem and decreased psychological well-being. Gender-related issues in the quality of life and the overall well-being of such patients are important in their management and policy-making.

Self-Esteem Post-Rhinoplasty: A Detailed Analysis of Influencing Factors

Abstract Background: Esthetic procedures such as rhinoplasty can have profound effects on individuals’ self-esteem. However, the relationship between sociodemographic factors, self-perception, and self-esteem postrhinoplasty remains underexplored. Methodology: We conducted a comparative study between individuals who have undergone rhinoplasty (rhinoplasty group) and those who have not (nonrhinoplasty group). Variables such as education level, employment status, household income, and family circumstances were studied. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) was used to evaluate self-esteem. Results: The rhinoplasty group was more likely to be employed and represented in the lower household income range. Those with a Master’s degree within the rhinoplasty group showed higher self-esteem scores. The rhinoplasty group demonstrated higher levels of body dissatisfaction yet also reported more positive attitudes toward themselves. Gender differences in RSE scores were noted, with females showing higher median scores. Age did not significantly influence RSE scores across the groups. Conclusion: The results suggest a multifaceted relationship between rhinoplasty and self-esteem, influenced by a variety of sociodemographic factors. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach in the pre- and post-operative management of patients considering rhinoplasty, considering not only the physical but also the psychological aspects. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between self-esteem, self-perception, and sociodemographic factors in individuals undergoing rhinoplasty.

Changes in Self-Esteem in Patients with Hirayama Disease and its Association with Prognosis After Anterior Cervical Fusion Procedures

To quantify self-esteem in patients with Hirayama disease (HD) and investigate the impact of this psychosocial factor on surgical outcomes in HD. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was measured in 58 patients with HD before anterior cervical fusion. These patients further underwent motor unit number estimation, handgrip strength, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Index (BDI) before and 18 months after operation. Furthermore, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was administered to all patients at postoperative 18-month assessments. Compared with the general population, patients with HD showed a relatively lower RSES, and RSES was negatively associated with both postoperative DASH (r=-0.431, P<0.05) and preoperative to postoperative changes (r=-0.295, P<0.05) and positively associated with IPAQ (r=0.472, P<0.05). Similar to the difference in postoperative DASH scores, more patients with low self-esteem felt postoperative aggravated motor dysfunction than those with high/normal self-esteem (P<0.05). Postoperative BDI exerted a partial mediating effect on the relationship between RSES and DASH scores (B=-0.30, P<0.05), and postoperative BAI played a partial mediating effect on the relationship between RSES and IPAQ scores (B=0.30, P<0.05). The self-esteem of HD patients may be below the population norms. Importantly, relatively low self-esteem in HD patients may cause/worsen postoperative depression and anxiety, thereby resulting in poor self-reported surgical prognosis and an inactive lifestyle after operation. Therefore, perioperative treatment and rehabilitation efforts in HD patients, especially those with low self-esteem, should account for both physiological and psychological symptoms.

The relationship between women's mode of delivery, body image, self-respect, and genital self-image.

Many factors affect women's genital self-image. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between women's mode of delivery, body image, self-esteem, and genital self-image. The research was carried out in two public hospitals between 15 January 2022 and 30 June 2022. The study sample consisted of a total of 197 multiparous women in the early postpartum period. They were asked to fill out a Personal Information Form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Body-Esteem Scale (BES), and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), based on self-report. The Chi-squared, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Of the participants, 49.50% had a vaginal delivery, and 50.50% had a cesarean section. Their mean scores were 0.64 ± 0.62 on the RSES, 155.01 ± 24.40 on the BIS, and 20.97 ± 4.39 on the FGSIS. As the women's age increased, their mean FGSIS score also increased. There was negative correlation between women's mean RSES and FGSIS scores. A positive, significant correlation was found between the mean FGSIS and BES scores of the women. Of the variables included in the multiple linear regression model, age, self-esteem, and body image were statistically significant predictors 19.5% of the FGSIS score (p < 0.005). Mode of delivery was not a predictor of female genital self-image in the early postpartum period. Women with high self-esteem had a positive body image and genital self-image. Age, self-esteem, and body image were influential on female genital self-image. On the other hand, age, self-esteem, and body image predicted about 19.5% of female genital self-image according to multiple linear regression.

Impact of Psychiatric Morbidity on Quality of Life and Self-Esteem in Individuals With Permanent Orthopaedic Disability

ABSTRACT Introduction: Individuals with permanent orthopedic disability face many adversities and may suffer more from psychiatric illnesses as compared to the normal population. This may affect their self-esteem and quality of life. Aim: To study the impact of psychiatric morbidity on quality of life and self-esteem in subjects with permanent orthopedic disability. Methodology: The study was conducted by the Department of Psychiatry, of a tertiary care hospital from August 1, 2018, to August 1, 2019. A total of 50 subjects over the age of 18 years with permanent orthopedic disability were consecutively enrolled in the department of orthopedics. Orthopedical disability of subjects was assessed and diagnosed by one senior consultant of the Orthopaedics department. Clearance from the Institute’s Ethics Committee was obtained before the start of the study. Psychiatric morbidity was screened in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed by two senior consultants of the Psychiatry department and as per the International Classification of Diseases-10thedition-Clinical Description and Diagnostic Guidelines. Self-esteem and quality of life were assessed on Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) and WHO- Quality of Life-BREF (WHO QoL Bref), respectively. Results: Statistically significant impact of presence of psychiatric morbidity on Question 1 (P = 0.010), Question 2 (P = 0.002), physical domain (P = 0.001), psychological domain (P = 0.001), social relationship domain (P = 0.001), and environmental domain (P = 0.001) of WHO-QoL-Bref was observed. Subjects with psychiatric illness had lower mean scores as compared to subjects without psychiatric illness. The impact of psychiatric morbidity was also statistically significant on RSES scores (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity impacts the quality of life index and self-esteem negatively in individuals with a permanent orthopedic disability.

Assessment of self-esteem and community integration in spondyloarthritis

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to identify the associated factors with lower self-esteem and restriction in community reintegration in SpA patients. MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study including SpA patients (ASAS criteria) aged 18–50 years. The level of self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) evaluated the degree of reintegration to normal social activities. Anxiety, depression, and fibromyalgia were screened by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-A, HADS-D, and FiRST, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed. ResultsA total of 72 patients were enrolled (sex-ratio=1.88), with median (IQR) age of 39 years (28.25–46). Median (IQR) disease duration was 10 (6–14) years. Median (IQR) BASDAI and ASDAS were 3 (2.1–4.7) and 2.7 (1.9–3.48), respectively. Anxiety symptoms were screened in 10% of SpA patients, depression in 11%; and fibromyalgia in 10%. Median (IQR) RSES and RNLI scores were 30 (23.25–34), and 83 (53.25–93.25), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis identified the domain (work) of pain interference, VAS pain, HAD anxiety, PGA, marital status, and morning stiffness as factors associated with lower self-esteem. Restriction in the reintegration community was predicted by the presence of IBD, VAS pain, FIRST, deformity, enjoyment of life, and HAD depression. ConclusionPain intensity and interference, deformities, extra-articular manifestations, and deterioration of mental health were associated with low self-esteem and severe restriction in community reintegration among patients with SpA rather than inflammatory parameters.

Effects of Self-Affirmation on Mental Status During the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction:Self-affirmation is known to buffer the development of anxiety symptoms into depressive symptoms, and a study during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a role for this self-affirmation. In Japan, the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred repeatedly, and at this point (November 16, 2022), prior to an eighth wave. The possibility of ameliorating the psychological effects of this prolonged COVID-19 pandemic through efficient interventions targeting self-affirmation will be examined.Method:Study dates: June 25, 2020; September 25, 2020; February 10, 2021; November 24, 2021; February 7, 2022; August 31, 2022Survey participants: Registered monitors of the research company (Neo Marketing Co., Ltd.) Each 1,000 respondentsQuestionnaire:1)Attributes: gender, age, region, number of family members2)DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21)3)LSNS-6 (the Lubben Social Network Scale-6)4)Self-affirmationCIPS (Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale)Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Japanese version)The self-affirmation scale (CIPS; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) was measured from the 4th to the 6th survey.Contribution of each factor to depressive symptoms:The DASS-21 Depressive Symptom Scores from the 4th through 6th surveys were examined using Prediction One with the DASS-21 Anxiety Symptom Score, DASS-21 Stress Score, Connections Score, Rosenberg, and CIPS score as factors to determine their contribution.Results:At the time of the second survey (September 25, 2020), DASS-21 scores peaked and then declined. CIPS and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores showed no change from the 4th to the 6th session. The result of contribution of each factor to depressive symptoms by Prediction One showed anxiety symptoms contributed the most to depressive symptoms.Conclusion:A model in which self-affirmation prevents anxiety symptoms from progressing to depressive symptoms is reasonable until the 7th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.