Rosemary Acid Research Articles

Mechanism of "Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus" in treating cardiovascular diseases with syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis based on serum metabolomics

This study aimed at investigating the mechanism of Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus(GX) in treating cardiovascular diseases in rats with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis. The rat model was established by a high-fat diet, ice-water bath combined with subcutaneous injection of adrenalin hydrochloride, and the syndrome score was determined. The serum samples of rats in the control, model, and GX groups were collected. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the metabolic profiles of the serum samples. The differential metabolites were screened and identified by partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The intervention targets of GX-regulated metabolites and their metabolic pathways were searched against MetaboAnalyst. Gene Ontology enrichment was carried out to predict the biological pathways associated with the intervention targets of metabolic pathways. A total of 129 potential biomarkers were detected in the rat model with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis via metabolomics, and GX regulated 54 metabolites in several metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The further screening against MetaboAnalyst showed that GX recovered the levels of nine metabolites associated with cardiovascular diseases with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis, which involved 69 targets in the pathways regarding cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory response, and glucose homeostasis and metabolism. The above-mentioned results suggested that GX can alleviate the symptoms of the rat model of cardiovascular diseases with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis by regulating the metabolism of linoleic acid, sphingosine, docosahexaenoic acid, rosemary acid, succinic acid, adenine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine and modulating the biological pathways such as cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory response, and glucose homeostasis and metabolism.

Biologically active substances of new marjoram varieties and prospects for their use

Biologically active substances, essential oils, and plant extracts were studied obtained from new high-yield varieties of Origanum vulgare L. (Raduga, Belaya Ptitsa, Krymchanka) and Origanum tyttanthum Contsch. (Alcina) of the GSBSI “NBG – NSC RAS” breeding. It was found that the O. vulgare variety Belaya Ptitsa was distinguished by the content of essential oil, the main component of which was carvacrol. The maximum total content of phenolic substances and flavonoids was distinguished by an alcoholic extract from the O. tyttanthum variety. Neochlorogenic and rosemary acids, apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside, carvacrol, and thymol were identified in extracts of all the studied marjoram varieties. It is shown that the vegetable raw material O. vulgare cv “Belaya Ptica” is promising for the production of essential oil with a high content of carvacrol, and O. tyttanthum cv “ can serve as a raw source of rosemary acid.

Isolation and spectral characterisation of bioactives from sea weed Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh . – using in silico & high throughput analytical techniques

This work is the first report dealing with the identification and characterisation of the secondary metabolites of the ethanolic extract of Hydrocharis Laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. The ethanolic extract of H. laevigata was analysed by LCMS& Direct mass spectral analysis which is allowed to identify and Interpreted 6 & 15 compounds. The main constituents were caffeic acid, rosemary acid, Perilic acid, strychnine, hydroxy stearic acid, respectively. The extract further purified by column chromatography 15 fractions was isolated, out of which Perilic acid and strychnine are in high quantities. The structure determination of Perilic acid and strychnine was analysed by FTIR and NMR, respectively. By the molecular docking studies of Perilic acid and strychnine shows active binding energies for antidiabetic activity, respectively. The binding energy was compared with Metformin.

Cultivation Optimization and Biological Active Substances Activation Under In Vitro Callus Culture Conditions of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum)

Callus cell cultures have a wide range of applications in the food industry, pharmacology and pharmacy, agriculture and biotechnology. The study aim is to develop an optimal technology for the cultivation and biological substances activation under in vitro callus culture conditions of basil (Ocimum basilicum). At the first research stage, a man developed a nutrient medium for culturing callus culture including, by weight %: ammonium nitrate – 4.75; potassium nitrate – 5.47; calcium chloride 2-aqueous – 1.27; magnesium sulfate 7-aqueous – 1.06; potassium dihydroorthophosphate – 0.49; EDTA disodium salt – 0.1; iron sulfate 7-aqueous – 0.08; boric acid – 0.02; magnesium sulfate 4-aqueous – 0.06; zinc sulfate 7-aqueous – 0.02; potassium iodide – 0.002; sodium molybdate 2-aqueous – 0.001; copper sulfate 5-aqueous – 0.001; cobalt chloride 2-aqueous – 0.001; glycine – 0.01; mesoinosite – 0.3; nicotinic acid – 0.001; pyridoxine – 0.002; sucrose – 86.35; benzylaminopurine – 0.01; naphthylacetic acid – 0.003. The second stage consists of a technology development for activating biological active substances of callus culture when exposed to biomass with blue light intensity of 1500 lux (Samsung 281b Quantum Line LEDs) in light/dark mode 24/24 h. As a result, the basil biomass yield was (24.44 ± 1.00) g/l. The number of secondary metabolites was, mg/g of dry weight: rosemary acid (54.5 ± 2.0); chicory acid (64.4 ± 1.9); eugenol (0.50 ± 0.100); caffeic acid (0.42 ± 0.1). The developed technology of cultivation and biological substances activation enables to obtain callus culture samples of high-quality ordinary basil regardless of various environmental factors, geographical restrictions and seasonal climate changes. The practical research results are of interest to the food industry.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF AGASTACHE RUGOSA (LAMIACEAE), INTRODUCED IN WESTERN SIBERIA

The report presents the results of the study of the chemical composition of of biologically active substances of various parts and organs of Agastache rugosa introduced in Western Siberia. Agastache rugosa were collected by the authors in July-August 2021–2022 in the territories of Tomsk regions. Water and water-alcohol extracts were obtained from raw materials. The studies was conducted using PC, TLC, UV-spectroscopy, titrimetry. The component composition of the essential oil was studied by GLC-MS on the gas chromatograph Agilent 6890 with quadrupole mass spectrometer (HP MSD 5973N). About 50 individual components were found, 30 of them for the first time. Vitamins (ascorbic acid, carotenoids), polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolcarbonic acids, tannins), essential oil were found in all organs of the plant. Saponins are present in flowers and herbs, but not found in fruits. The presence of acacetin, apigenin, quercetin, tilianine, rosemary acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid was found. The difference in the content of biologically active substances in different organs was established. The dominant groups in different parts and organs of the plant are essential oil, phenol carboxylic acids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid. Flavonoids and chlorophyll in all organs of this species belong to the group of minor BAS.

Green extract rosemary acid as a viscosity-sensitive molecular sensor in liquid systems.

The liquid micro-environment plays a momentous role in the regulation of various activities, and the abnormal changes are often closely related to the deterioration phenomena in multiple beverages. The local viscosity fluctuation has long been regarded as a key indicator to reflect the micro-environmental status changes. Herein, we proposed a versatile optical sensor, rosmarinic acid (RA), one kind of green natural product extracted from rosemary, for monitoring liquid micro-environmental viscosity alterations. RA displays a larger Stokes shift (123.8 nm) with narrow-band energy and exhibits wide adaptability, high selectivity, good sensitivity, and excellent photostability in various commercial liquids. When in high viscous media, a bright fluorescent signal of RA is specifically activated, and a high signal-to-noise ratio signal was released (58-fold). With the assistance of the fluorescence analytical technique, we have successfully achieved tracking the viscosity fluctuations during the deterioration stage of liquids via an in situ and visualization method. Our study will spur additional research on the molecular tools extracted from natural products for liquid safety inspection, and a convenient and sustainable application pathway has been established.

The quantitative content determination of main groups of biologically active substances in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits

Aim. To determine the quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits using pharmacopeial methods for their subsequent use in the standardization of the plant raw material.Materials and methods. For the study, 6 batches of air-dried Viburnum opulus fruits crushed to a particle size of 1 – 2 mm and harvested in different regions of Ukraine in the mass fruiting phase in October-November 2020 were used. The quantitative determination of polyphenols and tannins was performed using the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 760 nm calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance. The total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was determined according to the method of the SPhU (State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine) 2.0 described in the monograph “Kidney TeaN” calculated with reference to rosemary acid. The total amount of organic acids was determined by the titrimetric method according to the method of the monograph of the SPhU 2.1 “Rose hipsN” calculated with reference to malic acid.Results and discussion. The quantitative content of polyphenols (calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits varied by about 1.4 times from 1.74 ± 0.01 % to 2.36 ± 0.01 %. According to the results obtained, the quantitative content of tannins (calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits varied by 1.7 times from 0.73 ± 0.01 % to 1.23 ± 0.01 %. The quantitative content of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to rosemary acid in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits ranged by 1.2 times from 3.96 ± 0.01 % to 4.73 ± 0.01 %. The quantitative content of the total amount of organic acids calculated with reference to malic acid in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits fluctuated more than 1.3 times from 6.80 ± 0.01 % to 9.08 ± 0.01 %.Conclusions. The quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances has been determined in 6 batches of Viburnum opulus fruits harvested in different regions of Ukraine using pharmacopoeial methods: polyphenols (varied by 1.4 times), tannins (varied by 1.7 times), the total amount of hydroxycinnamic (varied by 1.2 times), and the total amount of organic acids (varied by 1.3 times) calculated with reference to dried substance. The content of the groups of biologically active substances in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits slightly correlates with the place of the raw material harvesting. Thus, the selected methods of the SPhU 2.0 are quite suitable for determining the quantitative content of polyphenols, tannins and of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic and organic acids in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits; they can be used in further studies to standardize the raw material.

Effects of ultrasound and blanching pretreatments on mass transfer and qualities of hot‐air drying of perilla ( Perilla frutescens L.) leaves

The work investigated the influences of blanching (B) and ultrasonic-assisted blanching (UB) as pretreatment on mass transfer, drying kinetics, color, contents of nutrient, and aroma compounds of hot-air-dried perilla leaves. The samples were pretreated at two temperatures (70℃ and 80℃) and two durations of pretreatment (1 min and 3 min). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to distinguish sample characteristics of different pretreatments. The results showed that the condition of UB pretreatment had a higher drying rate compared to B pretreatment. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) of pretreatment for UB is higher than B. The UB pretreatment method yielded the lower ΔE value and higher preserved content of chlorophyll, flavonoid, and rosemary acid at the pretreatment temperature of 70℃. Moreover, GC-MS results showed a lower perilla ketone relative content under the same conditions. According to the results, the quality of the dried perilla leaves after performing low-temperature UB pretreatment (70℃) was improved relatively. Practical applications Perilla leaves are rich in antioxidant substances and have extensive culinary usage given their characteristic aroma and flavor. Convective drying is known to have some adverse effects on agricultural products. However, Ultrasonic pretreatment, as a modern food processing technology, can shorten the drying time and preserve the color, aroma, and nutrient content of food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of dried perilla leaves with B and UB pretreatments, and to compare the differences in drying characteristics, color, nutrient content, and aroma compounds by different pretreatments. The pretreatment and dehydration parameters should be considered with respect to further utilization of dried perilla leaves. Nonetheless, sonication is worth to be taken into account due to the significant effects of energy expenditures, inhibiting browning of perilla leaves without damaging the quality of final product.

Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Radical Scavenging and Antitumor Activities of Satureja hortensis L. Herb Extracts

Satureja hortensis L. is an annual herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae Lindl. family. S. hortensis L., related to thyme and rosemary, is used as spice and traditional medicinal herb in Europe. Mainly due to the polyphenols contained in S. hortensis L., this plant exhibits multiple biological effects. However, therapeutic effects on cells, including skin tumors, have not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the composition and the resulting antioxidant as well as biological properties [on melanocytes and melanoma cells] of summer, savory growing in botanical garden of Vytautas Magnus University in middle Lithuania climatic conditions, collected during various phases of vegetation. It has been shown that the budding phase alcohol extract of this plant contains the largest amounts of polyphenols, including rutin and rosemary acid, which promote the radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties. In contrast, the extract from the massive flowering phase already at a concentration of 12.5 µg/mL reduces the survival of melanoma cells to 60% with 90% melanocytes survival. In addition, extracts from beginning of flowering and end of flowering at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, containing significantly less rutin and rosmarinic acid, in combination with irradiation of cells with UVB, significantly increased the lipid peroxidation process, particularly in melanoma cells. These data indicate the possibility of using extracts from S. hortensis L. to modulate/differentiate the metabolism of normal and tumor skin cells.

The comprehensive analysis of sage leaves by high-performance thin-layer chromatography: simultaneous identification of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, quantitative determination and the test for the minimal content of rosmarinic acid

Aim. To develop methods for the comprehensive analysis of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC): identification of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, quantitative determination and the test for the minimal content (MCT) of rosmarinic acid. Materials and methods. The study was performed using HPTLC procedure (2.8.25, SPhU) in the HPTLC automatic system; the results were processed using VisionCats Software, CAMAG, Switzerland.Results. Flavonoids and phenylpropanoids fingerprints of six samples of sage leaves were evaluated on the same HPTLC plate. The specific zones and their chromatographic profiles useful for identification were determined. In the same mobile phase, the method for quantifying the marker – rosmarinic acid, as well as MCT of rosmarinic acid (NLT 0.4 %) was proposed. According to the results, the quantity of rosmarinic acid in sage leaves was in the range of 5.83-15.94 mg/g (scanner detection) and 5.99-16.27 mg/g (visualizer detection). All six samples of sage contained rosemary acid in an amount greater than the proposed minimum content (0.4 %), while S. aethiopis and S. nemerosa had a lower content of rosmarinic acid and failed the test.Conclusions. The approach proposed for evaluating the quality of sage using a comprehensive analysis of HPTLC flavonoid and phenylpropanoid fingerprints allows simultaneous identification, quantitative determination and the test for the minimal content for several samples on the same plate. It can be an alternative to the current Pharmacopoeia methods.

Radiation-induced modification of secondary metabolites contents in plants of Salvia officinalis L. and Silybum marianum L.

Aim. Long-term studies of the effect of sublethal doses of pre-sowing low-LET ionizing radiation on seeds have demonstrated the effectiveness of radiation biotechnology to stimulate the accumulation of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites in medicinal raw materials of a number of common medicinal plants in Ukraine. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation technology in the case of seeds of Salvia officinalis L. and Silybum marianum L. Methods. X-ray irradiation of seeds at doses up to 50 Gy, spectrophotometric analysis of water-ethanol extracts, fluorescence microscopy of leaf epidermis were used. Results. Doses of pre-sowing X-ray irradiation were selected which maximally stimulate both the increase of biomass of medicinal raw materials and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In particular for Salvia officinalis L. doses are 5 Gy and 20 Gy, for Silybum marianum L. are 10 Gy and 20 Gy. Conclusions. It is recommended to use two stimulating doses at the same time, as the result of exposure depends essentially on the physiological status of the seeds, growing conditions, varietal characteristics. Increasing the content of flavonoids and phenols in medicinal raw materials has been shown to be a reliable and reproducible marker of stimulating of rosemary acid accumulation in Salvia officinalis leaves.
 Keywords: radiation-induced stimulation, Salvia officinalis, Silybum marianum, rosemary acid, silibinin.

Rosmarinic acid enhanced Fe(III)-mediated Fenton oxidation removal of organic pollutants at near neutral pH

In this study, we reported that the presence of rosemary acid (RA) could strongly enhance the Fe(III)-mediated Fenton oxidation of 2,4-DCP as the model contaminant at near neutral pH. This enhancement was verified by the strong chelating and reducing ability of RA, which could prevent ion precipitation and accelerate the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle. Radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed the existence and roles of hydroxyl radicals in the Fe3+/RA/H2O2 system. Lot size optimized experiments were executed to achieve efficient 2,4-DCP degradation (99.93%) under the optimum conditions of 100 μmol/L Fe3+, 100 μmol l/L RA and 8 mmol/L H2O2 within 60 min. In addition, co-existing metal ions, inorganic anions and natural organic matters were proved that they could inhibit removal efficiency and rate at varying degrees. Total organic carbon and chloride ion measurements were employed to probe the mineralization of organic matters (including RA and 2,4-DCP). This study provides a new modified Fenton system to enhance the oxidation removal of refractory organics in water and will enrich the understanding on effective H2O2 activation at neutral pH.

An online dual-enzyme co-immobilized microreactor based on capillary electrophoresis for enzyme kinetics assays and screening of dual-target inhibitors against thrombin and factor Xa

In this study, an online capillary electrophoresis (CE) based dual-enzyme (thrombin and factor Xa) co-immobilized microreactor (THR-FXa IMER) was constructed for studying enzyme kinetics and screening dual-target inhibitors against THR and FXa with the aid of the polydopamine/graphene oxide (PDA/GO) coating. Based on the developed THR-FXa IMER, the Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of THR and FXa were calculated to be 187.26 and 48.80 μM, respectively. The inhibition constants (Ki) for two known inhibitors, argatroban and rivaroxaban, on THR and FXa were determined to be 14.73 and 0.41 nM, respectively. In addition, after 30 consecutive runs, the enzymes’ activity was remained 98% of the initial immobilized activity for both THR and FXa, which shows that the constructed IMER has good stability and repeatability. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to screen dual-target inhibitors against THR and FXa from 30 small molecular compounds. Among them, 10 compounds such as salvianolic acid C and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have dual-enzyme inhibitory activity, and 2 compounds named saikosaponin A and oleuropein have single THR inhibitory activity, 5 compounds such as rosemary acid and salvianolic acid B have single FXa inhibitory activity. Finally, the molecular interactions between enzyme and potential inhibitors were further verified via the molecular docking, and a new compound with a theoretically good coagulation inhibition effect was designed by the scaffold hopping study. In summary, the developed THR-FXa IMER is a reliable method for screening THR and/or FXa inhibitors.

Application of Plackett-Burman Design in Screening of Natural Antioxidants Suitable for Anchovy Oil.

Considering the safety of synthetic antioxidants, more and more natural antioxidants have been developed and utilized in foods. This study aimed to screen out a natural antioxidant combination from many antioxidants, which could significantly affect the oxidation stability of anchovy oil, while Plackett–Burman design (PBD) methodology was employed in this screening. According to the statistical results of this design, sesamol, dihydromyricetin, teapolyphenol, and rosemary acid were four significant parameters on the oxidation stability of anchovy oil. Moreover, dihydromyricetin presented the best antioxidant effect among nine kinds of selected antioxidants when they were used alone in anchovy oil. Meanwhile, a combination including sesamol (0.02%), teapolyphenol (0.02%). and rosemary acid (0.02%) was adopted, and its antioxidant ability was similar to that of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Additionally, phytic acid as a synergist was used and combined with sesamol, and the antioxidant ability of this combination was better than that of TBHQ. This study presented a reference for the industrial applications of natural antioxidants and synergists in anchovy oil.

Quantitative Analyses of Nine Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Activities from Thirty-Seven Varieties of Raspberry Grown in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Region.

In this work, an efficient method for the rapid extraction and separation of antioxidant phenols was developed and optimized. The method was then applied to extract and separate nine phenols from 37 varieties of raspberry, in which their antioxidant activities were further investigated. First, the extraction was conducted using ultra-sonication, which was then further separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (RP-HPLC/UV) analysis. In this step, several key parameters (volume of the extraction reagent, time of extraction, and the temperature of extraction) affecting its efficiency were investigated and optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the Box–Behnken design (BBD) so that the optimal conditions were obtained. According to the overall results of the optimization study, the optimal conditions were chosen as follows: volume of extraction reagent = 2.0 mL, time of extraction = 50.0 min, and temperature of extraction = 50 °C. The optimal conditions were then applied to extract nine phenols, including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, cumaric acid, ferulic acid, rosemary acid, and quercetin from 37 raspberry varieties. The extracted phenols were characterized and their antioxidant activities, including DPPH− and ABTS− free radical scavenging and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, using HepG2 cells as the model, were subsequently studied. The findings suggested that although their contents varied among most raspberry varieties, these phenols significantly contributed toward their antioxidant capacity and scavenging intracellular ROS activities. This study provides a scientific and theoretical basis for the selection of raspberry varieties and product development in Qinghai province.

Physico-mechanical and antioxidant properties of gelatin film from rabbit skin incorporated with rosemary acid

Abstract In this paper, the influence of rosemary acid (RosA) on the properties and structure of rabbit skin gelatin film was investigated. Compared to controls, the mechanical properties of the film were improved significantly (p H groups of the gelatin and partial gelatin unfolding occurred as RosA concentrations increased. Furthermore, film with RosA exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. Films incorporated with RosA retarded lipid oxidation during storage of Chinese Bacon.

ВМІСТ КИСЛОТ ГІДРОКСИКОРИЧНИХ У ТРАВІ ТА КОРЕНЕВИЩАХ І КОРЕНЯХ БЕДРИНЦЮ ЛОМИКАМЕНЕВОГО (PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA L.)

Вступ. Бедринець ломикаменевий (Pimpinella saxifraga L.) з родини селерові (Apiaceae) здавна у народній медицині застосовують як відхаркувальний, сечогінний, протизапальний, седативний, болетамувальний засіб. Його рекомендують при катарі дихальних шляхів, трахеїті, бронхіті, пневмонії, ларингіті, астмі, коклюші, водянці, сольових діатезах, захворюваннях печінки, атонії кишечника, хронічному гастриті зі зниженою кислотністю, подагрі, набряках та метеоризмі. З лікувальною метою використовують в основному кореневища і корені рослини. Відомо близько 200 видів роду Бедринець (Pimpinella L.), поширених в Азії, Європі й Африці. В Україні зустрічаються 5 видів; найпоширенішим є бедринець ломикаменевий.
 Мета дослідження – встановити наявність і визначити кількісний вміст кислот гідроксикоричних у траві та підземних органах бедринцю ломикаменевого.
 Методи дослідження. Для виявлення кислот гідроксикоричних використовували спиртово-водну витяжку. Реакція з 1 % розчином ферум (ІІІ) хлориду (поява зелено-сірого забарвлення) свідчила про наявність у досліджуваній витяжці сполук фенольної природи. Кількісне визначення кислот гідроксикоричних у досліджуваних об’єктах ґрунтується на спектрофотометричному методі. Якісний склад і кількісний вміст індивідуальних кислот гідроксикоричних у траві та підземних органах бедринцю ломикаменевого досліджували методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії на хроматографі Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (США). 
 Результати й обговорення. Кількісний вміст суми кислот гідроксикоричних у траві бедринцю ломикаменевого становив (4,68±0,05) %, в підземних органах – (1,52±0,03) %. Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії в досліджуваних об’єктах рослини виявлено й ідентифіковано кислоти хлорогенову і розмаринову та встановлено їх кількісний вміст. У траві й підземних органах бедринцю ломикаменевого в основному домінує кислота хлорогенова, вміст якої становив 3,13 і 0,11 % відповідно. У траві рослини міститься 0,34 % кислоти розмаринової.
 Висновки. Встановлено наявність і визначено кількісний вміст кислот гідроксикоричних у траві та підземних органах бедринцю ломикаменевого, який становив (4,68±0,05) і (1,52±0,03) % відповідно. Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії в досліджуваній сировині рослини виявлено індивідуальні кислоти гідроксикоричні – хлорогенову і розмаринову, визначено їх кількісний вміст. У траві й підземних органах бедринцю ломикаменевого домінує кислота хлорогенова, вміст якої становив 3,13 і 0,34 % відповідно, тому її можна рекомендувати для стандартизації сировини.

Effects of Sugar content on Cell Growth,Accumulation of Rosemary Acid, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Suspension Cells of Rosemary

Effects of Sugar content on Cell Growth,Accumulation of Rosemary Acid, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Suspension Cells of Rosemary

Effect of drying methods on monoterpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids in Mentha haplocalyx

To provide a scientific basis for the selection of the appropriate drying method for Mentha Haplocalyx Herba (MHH), determine 2 monoterpenes, 4 phenolic acids and 5 flavonoids in MHH by GC-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS methods, and investigate the effects of the drying methods on the changes in contents of these analytes. The qualities of products obtained with different drying methods were evaluated by the multivariate statistical method of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Results showed that the drying methods had the greatest impact on menthol, caffeic acid, and rosemary acid, which were followed by chlorogenic acid and diosmetin-7-O-glucoside. The contents in these analytes processed with hot-air-drying method were higher than those with microwave-drying and infrared-drying methods at the same temperatures. The contents in these analytes processed under low temperature (40-45 °C) were higher than those under higher temperature (60-70 °C). Above all, the contents in phenolic acids processed with microwave fixation (exposed under microwave at 100 °C for several minutes) were obviously higher than those of not being processed, showing an inhibition of some enzymes in samples after fixation. The TOPSIS evaluation showed that the variable temperature drying method of 'Hot-Air 45-60 °C' was the most suitable approach for the primary drying processing of MHH. The results could provide the scientific basis for the selection of appropriate drying method for MHH, and helpful reference for the primary drying proces of herbs containing volatile chemical components.

Influence of naturaldecay of fibrousroots on growth and content of active compositions of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba

The change of yield and contents. of active compositions were studied while the fibrous roots were decayed naturally. HPLC method was used to detect the contents of active composition. The results show that fibrousroots could decrease the production of plant by 38.60% (20 g) and 30.99% (40 g), respectively. Treatment 1 could increase the contents of dihydrotanshinone and cryptotanshinone of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba by 26.08% and 22.64%, respectively. Compared with the comparison, treatment 2 decreased the contents of ihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone II(A) of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba by 60.87%, 79.24%, 84.61% and 88.99%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total contents of the liposoluble constituents reduced by 86.27%. The different concentration of fibrousroots could increase the content of salvianolic acid B by 4.98% (20 g) and 23.64% (40 g), respectively. Meanwhile, the content of rosemary acid was increased by 4.98% (20 g) and 23.64% (40 g), respectively. The content of water-soluble constituents positively correlated to the mount of added fibrousroots, and the change was significantly. The result indicted that the decay of fibrousroots has a significant impact on the growth and the content of the active composition of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba under the condition of continuous cropping. Fibrousroots could decrease the content of biomass and liposoluble constituents significantly, which maybe one of the main factors to S. miltiorrhiza f. alba continuous cropping obstacle formation.