Rosehip Oil Research Articles

Antitumoral melatonin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.

Aim: Cancer constitutes the second leading cause of death worldwide, with conventional therapies limited by significant side effects. Melatonin (MEL), a natural compound with antitumoral properties, suffers from instability and low solubility. To overcome these issues, MEL was encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (MEL-NLC) containing rosehip oil to enhance stability and boost its antitumoral activity.Methods: MEL-NLC were optimized by a design of experiments approach and characterized for their physicochemical properties. Stability and biopharmaceutical behavior were assessed, along with interaction studies and in vitro antitumoral efficacy against various cancer cell lines.Results: Optimized MEL-NLC exhibited desirable physicochemical characteristics, including small particle size and sustained MEL release, along with long-term stability. In vitro studies demonstrated that MEL-NLC selectively induced cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines while sparing healthy cells.Conclusion: MEL-NLC represent a promising alternative for cancer, combining enhanced stability and targeted antitumoral activity, potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments.

Changes in Collagen across Pork Tenderloin during Marination with Rosehip Nanocapsules

The objective of this study was to prepare zein–gum Arabic nanocapsules with rosehip oil (NC-RH), apply them to pork tenderloin, and analyze the changes in collagen structure under different conditions (pH 6.5 and 4.0) and temperatures (25 °C and 4 °C). NC-RHs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method. Nanocapsules had a particle size of 423 ± 4.1 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.125 ± 3.1, a zeta potential value of −20.1 ± 0.41 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 75.84 ± 3.1%, and backscattering (ΔBS = 10%); the antioxidant capacity of DPPH was 1052 ± 4.2 µM Eq Trolox and the radical scavenging capacity was 84 ± 0.4%. The dispersions exhibited Newtonian behavior at 25 °C and 4 °C. Incorporating NC-RH into acid marination benefited the tenderness, water-holding capacity, and collagen swelling, and favored changes in myofibrillar proteins corroborated with histological tests. The conditions with the best changes in pork tenderloin were a pH of 4.0 at 4 °C with an NC-RH-administered 11.47 ± 2.2% collagen area. Incorporating rosehip nanocapsules modifies collagen fibers and can be applied in pork marinades to increase the shelf life of a functional product.

Assessment of the Nutritional Potential and Resistance to Oxidation of Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Oils

Cold-pressed oils from non-typical materials, such as wild rose and sea buckthorn, should meet certain requirements to be approved for consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential and selected quality parameters with particular emphasis on oxidative stability of two commercially available cold-pressed oils: rose hip oil and sea buckthorn oil. The fatty acid composition, including nutritional indexes (polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio PUFA/SFA; atherogenicity index IA is as follows: hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index HH; health-promoting index HPI), positional distribution of fatty acids, melting profile and oxidative stability were analyzed. The tested oils were characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, which were mainly represented by oleic and linoleic acids. In the case of one of the analyzed rosehip oil oils (R1), α-linolenic acid was also found at the level of 26%, which contributed to obtaining the recommended ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. The lowest value of IA and the highest values of HH and HPI were also recorded for R1 rosehip oil. This oil was also characterized by the highest resistance to oxidation, as indicated by induction times measured at various temperatures. The distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols molecules in the analyzed oils was typical for vegetable oils. In the case of tested oils, similar melting profiles with endothermic peaks recorded at negative temperatures, which resulted from the presence of triacylglycerol fractions with a high proportion of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, were observed.

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of rose hip oil-solid lipid nanoparticles.

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent pathogen, reported from almost all geographical regions of the world. Current anti-T. gondii drugs are not effective enough in immunocompromised patients, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and congenital toxoplasmosis. Therefore, the prescription of these drugs has been limited. Rose hip oil (RhO) is a natural plant compound, which shows antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, the anti-T. gondii and cell toxicity effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded by RhO (RhO-SLNs) were evaluated. Emulsification sonicated-homogenization method was used to prepare SLNs. RhO-SLNs were characterized, and their anti-T. gondii and cell toxicity effects were evaluated using invitro analyses. The particle size and the zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 152.09 nm and -15.3 mV nm, respectively. The entrapment efficiency percentage was 79.1%. In the present study, the inhibitory concentration (IC)50 against T. gondii was >1 μg/mL (p-value <.0001). The cell toxicity assay showed cytotoxicity concentration (CC)50 >10 mg/mL (p-value = .017). In addition, at least 75% of T. gondii-infected Vero cells remained alive at concentrations >10 mg/mL. The concentration of 1 mg/mL showed highest anti-Toxoplasma activity and lowest cell toxicity against the Vero cell. Our findings suggest that carrying natural plant compounds with SLNs could be considered an effective option for treatment strategies against T. gondii infections.

Enhanced Topical Delivery of Rosehip Oil (RO) through Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)

Enhanced Topical Delivery of Rosehip Oil (RO) through Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)

Anti-wrinkle properties of rosehip oil, aloe vera, green tea extract, and frankincense essential oil: Brief review and a survey

The knowledge and opinions of first-year pharmacy students were evaluated after conducting a survey. The survey included 5 knowledge-based and 5 opinion-based questions, focusing on four herbal remedies. The data collected from 28 participants were analyzed for correctness of answers and agreement or disagreement to opinion lead statements. The knowledge-based questions showed an average 74.5% correct answer rate, with the question on Rosehip Oil receiving the highest (about 93%) followed by the Green Tea Extract at 89.3%. Opinion-based questions revealed a positive attitude towards herbal remedies, with over 82% strongly agreeing or somewhat agreeing with their potential benefits. Over 92% of the respondents believed Green Tea Extract and Frankincense Essential Oil possess skin-protecting qualities. Participants had positive attitude towards herbal remedies for skincare. Knowledge-based questions had a satisfactory correct answer rate, and participants largely agreed (82.7%) on the potential of these herbal remedies to enhance skin health and reduce signs of aging. Disagreement was minimal, ranging from 0% to 17.2%, indicating a widespread inclination towards positive agreement. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the potential of herbal remedies in skincare. The knowledge level was satisfactory at 74.5%. Opinions towards Rosehip Oil, Aloe Vera, Green Tea Extract, and Frankincense Essential Oil were largely positive among the surveyed pharmacy students. Limitations of the survey include the small sample size and lack of diversity in the survey participants. Future research should address these limitations and explore additional factors influencing knowledge and opinions regarding herbal remedies for skincare.

Rosehip oil nanoemulsion as a stable delivery system for omega-3 fatty acids to enhance the nutritional value of yogurt

Rosehip oil (REO) contains excessive amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as Omega-3 fatty acids (OFA). OFA exhibits instability, poor solubility, and limited bioavailability upon addition to food. In this study, REO nanoemulsion was prepared by probe ultrasonication. Statistically designed experiments were used to optimize Ultrasonication time (5 min), ultrasonication amplitude (37.26 %), and the surfactant (1 %Tween 20) concentration (surfactant to oil ratio of 1.17:1). The spherical morphology of the nanoemulsion was studied using scanning electron microscopy. REO was further characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The droplet size of REO nanoemulsion increased from 60 to 88 nm during storage at 4 ⁰C for 28 days. The nanoemulsion had an encapsulation efficiency of 89.7 %, and it was stable based on thermodynamical study. The fatty acid profile confirmed that REO nanoemulsion could preserve linoleic acid compared to the direct addition of REO in yogurt. The sensory study revealed that REO nanoemulsion could mask the tartness of REO when incorporated into yogurt. This study proved that nanoemulsion is a potential tool to enhance the stability of OFA in food systems.

Dually Active Apigenin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide affecting more than 19 million people. Traditional cancer therapies have many adverse effects and often result in unsatisfactory outcomes. Natural flavones, such as apigenin (APG), have demonstrated excellent antitumoral properties. However, they have a low aqueous solubility. To overcome this drawback, APG can be encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Therefore, we developed dual NLC encapsulating APG (APG-NLC) with a lipid matrix containing rosehip oil, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Optimisation, physicochemical characterisation, biopharmaceutical behaviour, and therapeutic efficacy of this novel nanostructured system were assessed. APG-NLC were optimized obtaining an average particle size below 200 nm, a surface charge of -20 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency over 99%. The APG-NLC released APG in a sustained manner, and the results showed that the formulation was stable for more than 10 months. In vitro studies showed that APG-NLC possess significant antiangiogenic activity in ovo and selective antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines without exhibiting toxicity in healthy cells. APG-NLC containing rosehip oil were optimised. They exhibit suitable physicochemical parameters, storage stability for more than 10 months, and prolonged APG release. Moreover, APG-NLC were internalised inside tumour cells, showing the capacity to cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells without damaging healthy cells.

Research by choice of excipients ingredients of the gel for the therapy of radiation lesions of the skin based on rheological studies

The aim of this work is to conduct a research analysis of changes in the structural and mechanical properties of the gel from the addition of active substances and surfactants.&#x0D; Materials and methods. In the presented work, model samples of the gel with active substances were studied: freshly obtained stonecrop juice, sea buckthorn oil, rosehip oil, St. John's wort oil and quercetin. As substances for the manufacture of bases hydrocolloids of cellulose derivatives were used: sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with a surfactant Lanette SX.&#x0D; A study of the rheological properties of the samples was performed using a rheoviscometer Rheolab QC (Anton Paar, Austria) using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27 / SS. The Rheolab QC rheometer is equipped with RheoPlus software, which allows you to set the necessary experimental conditions (shear rate gradient range, number of measuring points and measurement time of one point).&#x0D; Results. The rheological properties of model samples of NaCMC and HEC gels, depending on the used concentration, were studied. With increasing concentrations of both NaCMC and HEC thixotropy of dispersed systems decreases. The change of structural and mechanical parameters of hydrogels from the addition of active ingredients and surfactant is analyzed, and established that adding them into the hydrogels increases the structural and mechanical parameters of model samples.&#x0D; A study of gels with a constant concentration of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose and different content of surfactant Lanette SX established that as the surfactant concentration increases, the area of the hysteresis loop and the resistance of the dispersed system to the applied mechanical fracture increase.&#x0D; Conclusions. According to the results of the obtained structural and mechanical parameters and rheograms of the studied model samples of gels, it is rational to use in further studies of sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (1.5 %) and hydroxyethylcellulose (1.25 %) stabilized Lannete SX in concentrations of 4-5 % and 3-5 % respectively

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-acne Foaming Face Wash

In the past, people have changed their lifestyle to keep up with the changing times. Nowadays, cosmetics are designed to cleanse, protect, and replenish the skin. People have been concerned about acne, which is common among teens and adults as a result of their daily lifestyles. Herbal products are popular in the global market, and one such product is a face wash. A foaming face wash is a gentle cleanser used to remove makeup, dead skin cells, dirt, oils, and other pollutants from the face without causing any discomfort to the skin. Current research has focused on the use of extracts of Aloe vera, Turmeric, Neem Oil, and Rosehip Oil, which have been found to have beneficial anti-acne, anti-bacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property. The face wash was prepared with ingredients at different concentrations and was evaluated for various parameters like colour, odour, consistency, spreadability, washability, foamability, irritancy and stability.

Rosehip extract and wound healing: A review.

Each year, over 100 million patients are afflicted with new scars from medical procedures worldwide. Natural compounds have shown promise in the treatment of scars and skin disorders. Rosehip oil (RO), produced from the pressed fruit of the rosehip (Rosa canina L.) plant, is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The use of this plant in the treatment of scars has yet to be reviewed. This review aims to analyze the current findings on the use of RO in the treatment of postsurgical scars. This literature search considered published journal articles (clinical trials or literature reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) and reference lists of respective articles. Additional articles were identified through Google Scholar. Only articles available in English were included in this review. There is a scarcity of high-quality studies assessing the therapeutic potential of RO. From the two human clinical trials using RO, there is some evidence to suggest its potential as an active ingredient in topical formulations for the treatment of wounds. Topical treatments containing RO extract may reduce the size and erythema of postsurgical scars through the polarization of macrophages and the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. Some evidence suggests that RO may improve postsurgical scars. At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of RO for the treatment of wounds. Further investigation is required to establish its therapeutic effects on human skin and its potential use as an ingredient in topical formulations.

Comparison on Quality Performance of Human Hair Types with Herbal Oils (Grape Seed/Safflower Seed/Rosehip) by Analysis Techniques.

Hair is exposed to harmful factors such as sunlight, pollution, cosmetic applications, and cleaning every day. With lost moisture, the hair is worn out, loses shine, and exhibits color changes in the case of dyed hair. In this study, the effects of herbal oils on hair were investigated by comparing the properties with measurements. Three different types of hair were used: natural (unprocessed), damaged, and dyed hair. After washing hair with a base shampoo, herbal oils were applied, and brightness, color changes, elasticity, and breaking points were examined. Safflower seed oil, grape seed oil, and rosehip oil were applied to the samples. It was tried to regain the properties that have decreased as a result of shampoo application in the hair with the applied oils. The highest gloss was observed with grape seed oil, and according to color change calculations, the best result was seen with safflower seed oil. Tensile-strain testing was performed for all samples, and rosehip oil gave the best results. The changes in hair fractures were examined with a scanning electron microscope, and grape seed oil was the best for all hair types. When all analyses were evaluated, the best performing herbal oil was grape seed oil. All analysis results showed that herbal oils can be used in the cosmetics industry with different applications.

Nanoemulsion Containing Kojic Dipalmitate and Rosehip Oil: A Promising Formulation to Treat Melasma.

Melasma is a hard-to-treat hyperpigmentation disorder. Combined incorporation of kojic dipalmitate (KDP), the esterified form of kojic acid, and rosehip oil, an oil with antioxidant and skin-regenerating properties, into nanocarrier systems appears to be a suitable strategy to develop high-performance formulations. A high-energy method (Ultra-Turrax®) was used to develop nanoemulsions containing up to 2 mg/mL KDP, 5% rosehip oil, and 7.5% surfactant. Formulations were characterized regarding droplet size, size distribution, pH, density, morphology, KDP content, incorporation efficiency, and stability under different temperature conditions. A scale-up study was conducted. Skin permeation, antioxidant potential, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were assessed in vitro. Cell viability studies were also performed. Results showed that nanoemulsions containing 1 and 2 mg/mL KDP had incorporation efficiencies greater than 95%, droplet size smaller than 130 nm, suitable size distribution, zeta potential of approximately -10 mV, and good stability over 30 days of refrigerated storage. The nanoemulsion containing 1 mg/mL KDP was chosen for further evaluation because it had lower nanocrystal formation, greater scale-up feasibility and allowed KDP permeation up to the epidermis similarly than observed for 2 mg/mL KDP. This formulation (1 mg/mL KDP) showed antioxidant and depigmenting efficacy, close to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid. No cytotoxicity was observed in formulations concentrations ranging from 0.06% to 1%.

In Vitro and In Vivo Characteristics of Olive Oil as Excipient for Topical Administration.

Oily excipients are vital components of dermatological products. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Wild Olive Oil (WOO) were compared with two other types of olive oils: Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Virgin Olive Oil (VOO). This work has also included Liquid Paraffin (LP) and Rosehip Oil (RO) as reference oils. Melatonin was used in the study as a model drug to demonstrate the antioxidant capacity of the oils. The melatonin carrier capacity and antioxidant performance was related to the degree of unsaturation of the oils and was highest for RO and WOO and lowest for LP. However, the most stable oil to oxidation was LP. The in vivo performance of the oils in the skin of eight healthy volunteers was investigated with a dermoanalyser. The highest increment of oil and hydration in the skin was obtained with RO. The lowest perception of oiliness was described for WOO, which produced the highest increase in elasticity of the skin area where it was applied. An in vitro-in vivo correlation was therefore performed through multivariable analysis (MVA).

Application of Aloe vera Gel Coating Enriched with Cinnamon and Rosehip Oils to Maintain Quality and Extend Shelf Life of Pomegranate Arils.

A completely randomized design was applied on pomegranate arils for several post-harvest treatments before the packaging in polypropylene boxes for 15 days at (5 ± 1 °C, 95 ± 2% RH): control (untreated), Aloe vera gel (10% or 20%), 10% Aloe vera + rosehip oil (0.25% or 0.50%), 20% Aloe vera + rosehip oil (0.25% or 0.50%), 10% Aloe vera + cinnamon oil (0.25% or 0.50%), and 20% Aloe vera + cinnamon oil (0.25% or 0.50%). Aloe vera in combination with cinnamon oil resulted in an enhanced shelf life (15 d) compared to the uncoated arils (control). The Aloe vera + cinnamon oil coating led to the retention of total phenolics, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity in context to the quality attributes. Moreover, this coating showed minimal change in the color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, delayed ethylene production, respiration rate, and physiological weight loss. Also, A. vera + cinnamon oil coatings significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the total counts of mesophilic aerobics, coliforms, and yeast and mold. Organoleptic attributes, including color, flavor, aroma, texture, and purchase acceptability were higher for the arils that were treated with 10% A. vera + 0.25% cinnamon oil; thus, this highly economical and easily available coating material can be formulated and used commercially to extend the shelf life and enhance the profit of the producers and/or processors.

The synergistic effects of rosehip oil and matrine against Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and the underlying mechanisms.

Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) is an important agricultural pest that has a protective wax shell. Insecticides generally fail to achieve the desired control of I. aegyptiaca because of difficulties penetrating this wax shell. Plant essential oils are rich in terpenoids and have strong penetrability and expansibility, which can enable the rapid penetration and absorption of insecticides, thereby improving the control effect. Matrine is a botanical insecticide with contact and stomach toxicity, low toxicity toward non-target organisms and is environmentally friendly. In this study, we tested the insecticidal activity of rosehip oil (Ro)/matrine combinations and revealed the synergistic mechanism of Ro and its components with matrine in terms of physiology and biochemistry. Ro/matrine combinations have strong penetrating power, enabling matrine to quickly penetrate the wax shell of I. aegyptiaca and enter the insect body. This improves the insecticidal activity and enhances inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Ro and its main chemical constituents, cineole and (+)-camphor, showed synergistic effects on matrine with synergic ratios of 4.79, 3.49 and 4.21, respectively. Combinations of Ro, cineole and (+)-camphor with matrine have good insecticidal effects on I. aegyptiaca while remaining safe to the environment. These combinations of biological insecticides have excellent development prospects and provide a new reference for the pest management of scale insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Effect of Different Proportions of Rosehip (Rosa canina, L.) Oil Added to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, L.) Feed on Growth Growth Performance

In this study were investigated the effects of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) oil added to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.) diets in different proportions on the growth performance, feed efficiency and survival rate of fish. For this purpose, Rosehip oil in 4 different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml / kg) was added to the feed of juvenile trout with an initial average weight of 1.7 ± 2.8 g, for 90 days (pH 7.15-8.33, temperature 12,3-15.9 °C and dissolved oxygen in the range 6.85-10.8 mg / l). The experimental groups were planned with 2 replications and 200 juvenile fish were placed in each tank and a total of 1600 fish were studied. At the end of the experiment, the highest increase in live weight was obtained in the IV. Group in which 53.71 ± 1.12 g and 0.71 ± 0.02 feed conversion rate and 6 ml / kg Rosehip oil was added and the difference was statistically significant compared to the other groups (P

Application of seed oils and its bioactive compounds in sunscreen formulations

AbstractThe photoprotective skincare products are in high demand to meet the consumer market with concern on skin health. Seed oils are commonly used as ingredients in many cosmetic products due to their natural antioxidants and now being increasingly recognized for their effects on skin health and photoprotection. This article briefly reviews the application of seed oils in sunscreen development focusing on the antioxidants that contribute to photoprotection, thus preventing UV‐induced erythema and photoaging. The addition of seed oils that contain specific natural bioactive compounds was discussed in the review. Besides that, seed oils acting in molecular pathways that benefit photoprotection were also summarized. Seed oils (pomegranate seed oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, jojoba oil, rosehip oil, grapeseed oil, kenaf seed oil, and pumpkin seed oil) utilization have high potential to act as natural UV filters and at the same time help in skin repairing. The seed oils contributed beneficial properties to the sunscreen formulation due to their synergistic effect with antioxidants, antiaging properties, anti‐inflammatory effect, and potential hormetic effect. The finding of specific bioactive compound from seed oils provides a better understanding of the contribution of seed oils in sunscreen formulation.

A randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of adsorbent lotion containing tapioca starch, spent grain wax, Butyrospermum parkii extract, argania spinosa kernel oil, aloe barbadensis, rosehip oil, and allantoin with a low-potency topical corticosteroid in the treatment of intertrigo.

Intertrigo is an inflammatory skin-fold condition. Candida infections may occur concurrently or afterward. Topical corticosteroids may reduce inflammation but exacerbate Candida infections. The treatment is contentious. To evaluate the efficacies and safety of adsorbent lotion containing tapioca starch, spent grain wax, Butyrospermum parkii extract, argania spinosa kernel oil, aloe barbadensis, rosehip oil, and allantoin for the treatment of mild-to-moderate intertrigo, relative to 1% hydrocortisone cream. This randomized, double-blinded study enrolled 40 intertrigo patients. Twice daily, 20 patients applied adsorbent lotion while the remainder used 1% hydrocortisone cream. Efficacy evaluation, skin biophysical measurements, skin tolerability, safety, and visual analog scale (VAS) patient-satisfaction scores were evaluated at baseline and Week 2. The adsorbent lotion showed higher complete cure rates for color, partial epidermal loss, papules/pustules/vesicles/patches, dryness, and scaling than the corticosteroid without statistical significance. Adsorbent lotion demonstrated significantly higher reduction in pruritus than the corticosteroid treatment. Reduction of erythema level using Mexameter and VAS patient-satisfaction scores were not statistically different between adsorbent lotion and hydrocortisone cream. No adverse effects or superimposed infections were reported. The anti-inflammatory efficacies of adsorbent lotion and low-potency steroid were equivalent. The lotion was safe and produced excellent pruritus reduction. Patient satisfaction was high.

Development and optimization of Clotrimazole‒Rosehip oil nanoethosomal-gel for oral thrush and gingivitis

Conventional treatments for common disorders of the oral mucous membranes have great challenges, and this has motivated the development of local therapeutics with an advanced delivery platform. The present study aimed to develop a hydrogel containing clotrimazole‒rosehip oil nanoethosomes (CZ-RO-NE) and to evaluate its antibacterial and antifungal efficacy and ulcer index. Optimization of CZ-RO-NE was performed by the Box‒Behnken statistical design using l-α-phosphatidylcholine, CZ, and RO as independent variables. The optimized formulations were characterized for their rheological properties, in vitro release characteristics, and ex vivo permeability. An optimized formulation was fabricated using the thin-layer evaporation technique where the rheological property indicated non-Newtonian flow. The in vitro release profile of the formulations showed a significantly higher release (80 ± 6.723%) from the CZ-RO-NE‒embedded hydrogel compared with the marketed formulation and drug suspension (p < .05). Concurrently, the ex vivo permeation of the drug through a sheep buccal membrane was highest for the CZ-RO-NE (950 ± 43 μg/cm2), with a steady-state flux of 4.544 μg/cm2.min. Finally, the antifungal effect against Candida albicans and antibacterial effect against streptococci revealed a significantly higher zone of inhibition (23 ± 2 mm and 15 ± 1 mm, respectively) when compared with the marketed formulation of CZ (13 ± 2 mm and 5 ± 2 mm, respectively). The antimicrobial efficacy of the optimized formulation was further reflected by a significant reduction in oral ulcers in experimental animals (0.5 ± 0.39 mm) when compared with the marketed formulation of CZ (2.5 ± 0.45). These interesting results are evidence of the effective treatment of oro-mucosal ulcers by this CZ-RO-NE hydrogel and the superior compliance of patients using the treatment.