Rosaceae Research Articles

A systematic review of the pharmacological effects of the active ingredients of blood-red hawthorn in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular disease is widespread at the present time, causing the disability of the population. The main risk factors are hyperlipoproteinemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, etc. Blood-red hawthorn Crataegus sanguinea, a species of the genus Hawthorn (Crataegus) of the Rose family (Rosaceae) is a universal remedy for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system. Hawthorn medications have antihypertensive, cardioprotective, cardiotonic, antiarrhythmic, mild diuretic, antispasmodic and sedative effects. At the same time, biologically active substances of hawthorn are non-toxic and do not have pronounced side effects with prolonged use. In this regard, it is important to study the mechanisms of pharmacological action of drugs based on this plant in order to prolong and improve the quality of life of the population.

The Clothes Make the Woman: How Fashion Informs the Comedic Identity of Schitt’s Creek’s Moira Rose

The Canadian television comedy Schitt’s Creek (2015–2020) tells the story of the Rose family after they are reduced to poverty through the machinations of a criminal business manager and must take up residence in a small town. The series relies heavily on costuming to illustrate the personalities of persons on both sides of the urban/rural divide, especially in the case of Moira Rose. From the first moment we see her, hysterical as she packs her wigs, we understand she is a woman of fierce individuality with a wealth of personality and presence. While viewers may at first see Moira’s clothes as ridiculous, it becomes apparent that, while outlandish and bold, they are also a statement to the town and the world that Moira Rose will not lose hope. Using Kathleen Rowe Karlyn’s concept of excess, this article examines the role costuming plays in the creation of Moira Rose. In addition, by examining the costume design and philosophy in several sitcoms from the 2010s, we see that Schitt’s Creek is not alone in using clothing to set the stage for characters’ stories and personalities, and that costuming plays a significant role in providing meaning and messaging to the situation comedy.

Environment and Plant Use at La Tourasse (South-West France) at the Late Glacial–Holocene Transition

Abstract The aim of this study is to present new data on vegetation dynamics and plant collecting practices during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene in southwestern France. La Tourasse cave is located in the Pyrenean piedmont plain, where the Azilian cultural complex was initially defined. The last excavations of the site took place in the 1980s and 1990s and the recovered materials are currently being studied or revisited from a multidisciplinary perspective. We present here the results of the charcoal analysis performed on La Tourasse’s Azilian (ca. 13000–11500 cal. BP) and Mesolithic (ca. 10500–9000 cal. BP) levels, complemented by the study of a small seed assemblage. Our results document the shift from an open landscape towards a forested environment, with the gradual passage from open vegetation dominated by shrubs of the Rose family (Prunus spp.) to the mixed oak forest, which speaks in favor of the biochronological coherence of this sequence. However, marked differences in taxonomic richness and state of the wood from one level to another, unrelated to the prevailing environmental conditions, suggest variable behavior of humans toward wood that could be the result of differing mobility strategies, hearth functionalities, or taxonomic preferences.

Analysis of Vegetative and Generative Characters of Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) Populations

Rose family (Rosaceae) is one of richest and most geographically widespread species of plant families. This family includes herbaceous and woody species, shrubs, and trees; the leaves are different, simple, or differently complex. The genus Fragaria (strawberry) includes perennial herbaceous plants. It is characteristic of this genus that the species are intensively vegetatively propagated using overhead stolons. The flowers are with a five-membered perianth and a developed outer cup. The flower has a larger number of anthers and carpels. A sample was taken at each site at least 30 individuals from the population in the flowering and fruiting phenophase. Morphological variability was assessed based on 5 populations and 150 individuals. This paper aims to determine the most variable and most consistent morphological characters that can serve in full and critical taxonomic analysis and revision of this variable taxon as well as related taxa from the family Rosaceae. Determine the forms and levels of individual, population, and interpopulation variability of the species Fragaria vesca L. depending on the environmental factors under which develop. Conducted comparative morphological analyzes have shown that the species Fragaria vesca L. shows a high degree of variability for all analyzed characters. Vegetative plant characters have a far greater share in overall variability compared to generative ones character. Pold does not belong to the group of those plant parts that vary the most.

The Excellence of Yamazakura: Mountain Cherries and the Disappearing Tradition of Ukiyo-e Craft

Abstract Cherry blossom, sakura, is one of the visual symbols of Japan. For Japanese people it represents the beauty and fragility of life. Cherry tree belongs to the Rose family, which includes nearly 3000 different sub-species of flowering plants. Prunus serrulata, sometimes called as Oriental Cherry, is a species native to Japan, Korea and China. In Japan, cherry trees are roughly divided in yamazakura, wild mountain cherries and satozakura, cultivated cherry trees growing in residential areas. Moilanen’s research concentrates on the special properties of yamazakura, and its use in manufacturing printing blocks for traditional ukiyo-e woodblock prints. The unique craft of ukiyo-e is gradually fading into history due to lack of successors. Difficulties in finding proper yamazakura wood material for making the printing blocks add to the problem. Moilanen gives an overview to the art of ukiyo-e and the present day situation in printing block manufacturing. Her article also includes an introduction of other wood qualities used in Japan for printmaking and a short report about a Finnish attempt for finding an alternative wood material to yamazakura. Research on heat-treated alder and birch was conducted in Aalto University in Helsinki 2008–2012. Finally, the current state of yamazakura in Japan is estimated, and the future prospects of ukiyo-e printmaking.

Public Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning Palliative Care

Background: WHO recommends early integration of palliative care alongside usual care to improve quality of life; misunderstanding of palliative care may impede this. We aimed to compare the public’s perceived and actual knowledge of palliative care, and examine associations of this knowledge with attitudes concerning palliative care. Methods: We analyzed data from an online cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the Canadian public, accessed through a survey panel in May-June, 2019. We compared high perceived knowledge (“know what palliative care is and could explain it”) with actual knowledge of the WHO definition (knew at least 5/8 components including that palliative care can be provided early in the illness and together with life-prolonging treatments), and examined their associations with attitudes to palliative care. Findings: Of 1518 eligible participants, 45% had high perceived knowledge, of whom 46% had high actual knowledge. Participants with high (vs. low) perceived knowledge were more likely to associate palliative care with end-of-life care (adjusted odds ratio, 2.15[95%CI, 1.66-2.79]) and less likely to believe it offered hope (0.62[0.47-0.81] ). Conversely, participants with high (vs. low) actual knowledge were less likely to associate palliative care with end-of-life care ( 0.59[0.46-0.76] ) , less likely to find palliative care fearful or depressing, and more likely to believe it offer ed hope (1.88[1.46-2.43]). Interpretation: Stigma regarding palliative care may be perpetuated by those who falsely believe they understand its meaning. Public health education is needed to increase knowledge about palliative care, promote its early integration, and counter false assumptions Funding Statement: This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number 152996; CZ) and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Dr. Zimmermann is supported by the Rose Family Chair in Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the University Health Network Research Ethics Board (#18-6039).

CARACTERIZACIÓN PALINOLÓGICA DE LAS MIELES DE LA LLANURA DEL RÍO SENGUERR (CHUBUT-ARGENTINA)

In order to know the plants used by honeybees in the Senguerr river plains, a palynological analysis of 19 samples of honey was made. Most samples had less than 2000 grains/g. Fifty-seven types of pollen were identified. Main sources of nectar belong to the following families: Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae. Honeys were classified as monofloral Melilotus sp. (8 samples), monofloral Rosaceae (wild and cultivated, 2 samples) or of mixed floral origin (9 samples). The analized honeys may be distinguished by a pollen association of Trifolieae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Acaena sp., Glycyrrhiza astragalina Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. and Cyperaceae.

CURATORSHIP PRAXISES TOWARDS ‘DISPLACED ASSETS’ IN POST-1989 MUSEUM PROJECTS: TWO EXHIBITIONS AT WARSAW’S XAWERY DUNIKOWSKI MUSEUM

Two exhibitions at the Xawery Dunikowski Museum of Sculpture at the Królikarnia Palace, branch of the National Museum in Warsaw: the ‘Inventorying’ Display-Research Project, which was a kind of a public inventory of the sculpture collection (2012) and the Exhibition ‘The Estate. Sculptures from the collection of the Von Rose family and films and photographs from the archive of Zofia Chomętowska’ (2015) are case studies serving the Author to analyse curatorship practices with respect to the collections whose major part is composed of ‘displaced assets’, first of all from the so-called ‘Regained Territories’. In the words of the Chief Curator at the Królikarnia Museum since 2011 and the Exhibitions’ Curator Agnieszka Tarasiuk: it is a troublesome collection testifying to a difficult heritage and not yielding to conservation. The paper’s methodological basis is the museum exhibits’ provenance research conducted by R. Olkowski, L.M. Kamińska, and M. Romanowska-Zadrożna, while its context is found in the programme assumptions of the Strategy for the Operations and Development of the National Museum in Warsaw 2010–2020 worked out by the former National Museum’s Director Piotr Piotrowski. One of its priorities is to clarify the origins of the collections of unknown provenance, and settling accounts with their former owners. Furthermore, the question related to constructing museum’s genealogy and the memory of history of the period immediately following WWII in the new socio-political situation in Poland after 1989 is posed. The position for dealing with collections’ provenance research introduced by P. Piotrowski was liquidated following the Director’s dismissal in 2012. The paper forms part of a bigger whole.

Экологический анализ видов семейства Rosaceae Juss. флоры Хакасии

Проанализирована экологическая структура видов семейства Rosaceae Juss. флоры Хакасии по отношению к влажности субстрата и воздуха, характеру субстрата и температуре. Прослежена взаимосвязь экологических групп видов семейства, включающего 26 родов и 102 вида с типами сообществ.

Re-description of Bdella muscorum Ewing (Acari: Bdellidae) from Western Iran

This paper presents the re-description of Bdella muscorum Ewing, 1909, collected from soil and litter under apricot trees, Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae), Hamedan region, Iran. Also, a key to Iranian Bdella species is provided.

REGULATIONS OF SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY OF WOODY PLANTS IN PROTECTIVE AFFORESTATION

Due to the lack of natural woody vegetation on flat or elevated relief elements, protective afforestation is associated with the introduction of tree species of foreign origin. Uncontrolled process of enrichment of protective forest plantations woody plants in forest-poor regions leads to invasion. The goal is the development of regulations for the selection of woody plants to safely enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantations in the steppe and semi-desert. It was revealed that the cluster dendrological sites of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences (FSC of Agroecology RAS) serve as a testing ground with a controlled territory for safe testing of plants. The object of research was 600 taxa, of different geographical origin and age. For defensive forest plantations of degraded ecosystems (Volgograd, Samara Oblast) 168 species of trees and shrubs are recommended. The results of studies of generic complexes are the basis for the scheme for analyzing the prospects of woody plants and for selecting an economically important range. In dry steppe conditions, economically important groups from families Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae are recommended for increasing biodiversity. The regulation includes the creation of a stock of planting stock. It is based on ecological compatibility, economic suitability, innovative assortment. Monitoring of experimental populations forming a self-seeding was carried out. In arid conditions, safe methods of reproduction of woody plants have been identified. An algorithm for quantitative and qualitative improvement of the assortment of woody plants has been developed to select the best possible option and the criteria for regulating the sustainable use of the biodiversity of woody plants. They include introduction, selection, seed production and tested at the sites of the study area.

Ecología y conservación de los bosques montanos de Polylepis: Una introducción al número especial

Fil: Cuyckens, Griet An Erica. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Estudios Ambientales Territoriales y Sociales; Argentina

Identification and Introduction of The Medicinal Plants Used by Honeybees in Markazi Province

Medicinal plants contribute greatly to increase the therapeutic properties of bee products such as honey, pollen, royal jelly, and propolis. In fact, the pharmaceutical value of honeybee products is associated with the plants that attract honeybees. In this study, pollinating plants used by honeybees were gathered and identified from different regions of Markazi province through direct observation. Simultaneously, to supplement the data, the pollens of these plants were gathered and examined by Erdtman acetolysis. Over 132 plant species from 32 families were found to be used by honeybees. Of these plants, 56 species were from medicinal plants. The highest number of medicinal plants were related to Composite (8 species), Rosaceae (8 species), Labiatae (7 species) and etc. This study will help to identify the medicinal plants occurring in Markazi province, the pattern of distribution and dispersion of these plants in the region under study, and the botanical and pharmaceutical data on them. Keywords Author Keywords:Medicinal plants; Honeybees; Markazi province; Iran

Lectotypification of 13 names in Apiaceae, Malvaceae, and Rosaceae based on material housed at the herbaria NAS and NF

Thirteen names in three families based on material at the herbaria NAS and NF are lectotypified. These names include: Acronema chienii Shan & Liou, A. chienii Shan & Liou var. dissectum Shan & Liou, Angelica omeiensis Yuan & Shan, A. tianmuensis Pan & Zhuang, Arcuatopterus filipedicellus Sheh & Shan, A. linearifolius Sheh & Shan, A. thalictrioideus Sheh & Shan, Ostericum maximowiczii Kitagawa var. alpinum Yuan & Shan, Peucedanum rubricaule Shan & Sheh, P. wulongense Shan & Sheh, Photinia dabeishanensis Deng & Yao, Pternopetalum caespitosum Shan, and Tilia hupehensis Cheng ex H.T.Chang.

The Fruits of Life: Rose Family Study Leads to New Understanding of Fruit Diversity across Geological Eras and Climates

The Fruits of Life: Rose Family Study Leads to New Understanding of Fruit Diversity across Geological Eras and Climates

Plant Species Diversity in Abies pindrow (Royle) Spach. Forest in Garhwal Himalayas, India

Present study was conducted in Abies pindrow forests of Uttarakhand of Western Himalayas with the aim to analyse the diversity of plant species. The altitudinal range of the different sites varied between 2200-3300 m above mean sea level (msl). The analysis of species revealed that the generic spectrum belonged to 73 families, comprising of 204 genera with 315 species of trees, shrubs and herbs which highlights the rich species diversity of higher plants in the Abies pindrow forests of the Western Himalaya in India. Maximum number of species belonged to family Asteraceae (29 species), followed by Poaceae (23 species), Rosaceae (21 species), Lamiaceae (17 species), Orchidaceae (15 species), Ranunculaceae (13 species), Apiaceae (12 species), Caprifoliaceae (11 species) and Polygonaceae (10 species) whereas other families had less than 10 species. Most of the forests in the present study were pure Abies pindrow forests. Tree species primarily belonged to family Pinaceae, shrubs to Rosaceae, Berberidaceae and Caprifoliaceae whereas; herbaceous flora primarily belonged to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Orchidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Poaceae and Cyperacae. A total of 198 species were present out of which 5 were trees, 50 shrubs and 143 were herbaceous species. The herbaceous species comprised of 103 herbs, 4 climbers, 21 ferns, 11 grasses and 4 sedges..

Botryosphaeria rosaceae sp. nov. and B. ramosa, new botryosphaeriaceous taxa from China

Botryosphaeria rosaceae sp. nov. and B. ramosa, new botryosphaeriaceous taxa from China

Osteomeles schwerinae extracts inhibits the binding to receptors of advanced glycation end products and TGF‐β1 expression in mesangial cells under diabetic conditions

BackgroundOsteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneid. (Rosaceae, OSSC) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various diseases in Asia. The chemical constituents of OSSC have an inhibitory effect on aldose reductase activity, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. However, the protective effects of the pharmacological activity and potential mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy are still not known.ObjectiveIn the present study we investigated that OSSC extracts and major compounds were examined for their effects on binding to the receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and on transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) expression‐related signal mechanisms in mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs).Materials and methodsA simple, rapid and efficient method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the marker compounds in the ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of OSSC using HPLC‐diode array detector (DAD). In this study, we determined the effects of OSSC extract and hyperoside on AGE and RAGE binding, and studied the mechanism of OSSC extract effects on AGE‐bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐treated GMCs. GMCs overexpressing human RAGE were cultured in AGE‐BSA labelled with Alexa 488, and OSSC extract. AGE/RAGE binding were measured using fluorescence (excitation 485 nm/emission 528 nm). TGF‐β1 protein expression levels were determined by western blot analyses.ResultsOSSC extracts of leaves and twigs (1 mg/ml) inhibited on AGE/RAGE binding and TGF‐β1 protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner in GMCs. Furthermore, OSSC extracts reduced the effects on AGE‐BSA‐induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) formation and nuclear translocalization of transcription factor NF‐κB. OSSC extracts inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), and IκB. Hyperoside also inhibited AGE/RAGE binding and ROS formation, and reduced TGF‐β1 expression and IkB phosphorylation.ConclusionsOSSC extracts and hyperoside may attenuate AGE/RAGE binding and expression of TGF‐β1 by downregulating of pERK1/2, p38MAPK and IκB phosphorylations in GMCs under diabetic condition and retard the development of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Grants (K14040 and K15270) from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM).

Redescription of Aegyptobia pavlovskii (Reck, 1951) (Acari: Trombi-diformes: Tenuipalpidae) with new host records from Iran

Aegyptobia pavlovskii is redescribed from new materials collected in Iran. This species is a new record for the false spider mite fauna ofIran. Additionally two new host records from the family Rosaceae are reported for this species.

First record of the genus Acerimina Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) from Iran with description of a new species

An eriophyoid species from Iran is described and illustrated. It is Acerimina bajgahi sp. nov. that has been found on hybrid of a Rosa species (Rosaceae) from south of Iran, Shiraz. This species is new to science and the genus is new record for Iranian mite fauna. It causes witches' broom of terminal twigs of the host plant. A key to the species of Acerimina of the world is provided. A key to world species of Acerimina is provided.