Root Beta Vulgaris Research Articles

Simultaneous Estimation of Quercetine and Betanine by RP-HPLC from Herbal Formulations Used in Nutritional Deficiencies

Background: Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substances of different compositions, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of the plants. Moringa oleifera from Moringaceae and Beta vulgaris root are, native to India, grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is commonly known as 'drumstick tree' or 'horseradish tree' or 'miracle tree’. Incorporation of more herbal powder leads to much complexity. Above plants were chosen for their utmost nutritional values. Result: Herbal tablet and granules were prepared and evaluated further for various Physico-chemical parameters as a nutritional supplement. Promising results indicate that prepared formulations have potential as supplements. Conclusion: Present communication mainly focused on estimation of marker components by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It showed the presence of enough number of secondary metabolites and minerals which can be easily consumed by all age groups.

Determination of the phytochemical profile and anti-oxidant capacity of the roots of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae)

Introduction: Chronic inflammation due to oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases. Regular consumption of fruits/vegetables known as medicinal plants are considered as fundamental approach in treating non communicable diseases like hypertension. These is achieved through secondary metabolites contained in the above-mentioned plants.
 Objective: To determine the phytochemical profile and anti-oxidant capacity of the roots of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae).
 Methodology: Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out according to Harbone and Evans principles. Total polyphenol content was assessed according to Li et al, total flavonoid content was assessed according to Zhishen et al and total tannins content was measured according to Julkumen-Titto. Antioxidant capacity were performed in vitro using the DPPH tests (radical scavenging) according to Blois and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) according to Benzie and strain. All tests were performed in triplicates at 1500μg/mL. The type of antioxidant ability (primary or secondary) was assessed.
 Results: The phytochemical analysis of the raw root of Beta vulgaris revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes. Total polyphenol, flavonoids and tannins content was 18,56±1,0, 31,19±3,12 572,84±54 mg of catechin, quercetin and tannic acid equivalent/gram dry matter respectively. Antioxidant tests revealed radical scavenging activity with DPPH whose SC50 was 108.2
 μg/mL against 302.5 μg/mL for gallic acid and FRAP (chelating antioxidant) activity at 1089.14±99.23 mg catechin equivalent per gram of dry matter. The antioxidant ability was secondary (preventive).
 Conclusion: Beta vulgaris possess the three main group of secondary metabolites and secondary antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of the effect of the roots of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) juice on adults subjects with grade 1 hypertension under dietary regime

Introduction: Lifestyle modification like increasing fruits/vegetables consumption is one of the key approaches in treating arterial hypertension: a major risk factor for mortality worldwide. Beta vulgaris (beetroot) and other vegetables consume frequently could be a rich source of inorganic nitrates, which will be converted to nitric oxide.
 Objective: To evaluate the effect of the roots of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) juice on adults’ subjects with grade 1 hypertension under dietary regime.
 Methodology: Beetroot was obtained at the local market and decontaminated. Beetroot juice (BJ) was extracted and freeze till utilization. Recruitment was hospital-based, were included all adult subjects of both sexes, with grade 1 hypertensive according to the Joint National Committee 7, not subject to pharmacological treatment, non-gravid women. A single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed during 4 weeks. Volunteers were randomized to receive either 250 mL of BJ or water (placebo) during 02 weeks and blood pressure (BP) registered in triplicates at baseline, 3 h, at 24 h. BP was recorded daily at home during trial, a week before, and after receiving BJ using an automatic BP machine. Blood and urine nitrates were assessed at baseline and 3 h after drinking juice.
 Results: A total of 14 subjects participated in the trial including 9 women and 5 men. An overall non-significant decrease in BP of 4.5/0.41 mmHg (decrease of 5.62/2.25 mmHg at H3 [p-value = 0.2427/0.3385], and decrease of 1.4 mmHg in systolic blood pressure at the 24th hour [p-value = 0.4150]) in the intervention group compared to the control group respectively for systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the intervention was observed [p-value = 0.1255/0.1612]. No change in blood and urine nitrite was registered.
 Conclusion: Beetroot juice decrease non-significantly blood pressure.

Determination of Some Organic and Inorganic Nutritional Constituents in Beta Vulgaris Roots Prepared in Different Methods

The nutritional value of the roots of Iraqi Beta vulgaris plant that have been prepared using several conventional techniques will be evaluated in the current research. One of the best and most important nutritional sources of iron, nitrate of nitrogen, magnesium, potassium, ascorbic acid, and folic acid is the juice of beta vulgaris roots.
 Spectrophotometric techniques like UV-Visible, HPLC, and AAS have been used to estimate the levels of some organic and inorganic nutritional constituents and determine the level of the nitrate ion using an ion selective electrode technique in the prepared beta vulgaris root juice. The concentration of these organic and inorganic components varies depending on how the Beta vulgaris juice is prepared. The roots of Beta vulgaris have been processed in four different ways.
 Ascorbic acid content is greatest in the prepared sample with sodium chloride (4.124 mg in 200 mL), while the sample treated with acetic acid has a high concentration of Betalains (10.96 mg in 200 mL) and folic acid (5.736 mg in 200 mL).
 The potassium (552 mg in 200 mL) and magnesium (54 mg in 200 mL) concentrations in juice from the acetic acid-treated sample were relatively higher than those obtained from other methods, whereas the prepared sample with NaCl has a high concentration of NO3- (616 mg in 200 mL) and the prepared sample with cool water has a high concentration of iron (0.75 mg in 200 mL).

Beta Vulgaris root as a natural food colouring in doughnut: Dough rheological properties and bioactive composition

SummaryIn the present study, the influence of Beta vulgaris root powder (BVP) incorporated at 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% levels on the empirical and fundamental rheological characteristics; dough texture properties; nutritional and bioactive components in the doughnut were carried out. The addition of BVP, decreased the WAC (58.4%–51.2%), DDT (6.19–1.31 min), extensibility (148–95 mm), and springiness (4.56–3.24 N) and viscosity parameters to varying extent. The frequency sweep test indicated that both the dynamic moduli increased and G' was higher than G" at all levels indicating the solid elastic structure of the dough. The dimensional characteristics of the doughnuts indicated a decrease in volume (103.3–85 mL) and an increase in weight (35.8–46.7 g) and compression force (11.6–14.5 N). The sensory studies indicated that 10% BVP incorporated doughnut was highly acceptable with higher dietary fibre content. The higher retention of betacyanin (17.88 mg 100 g−1), betaxanthin (12.9 mg 100 g−1), betanin (6.61 mg 100 g−1), TPC (25.74 mg GAE 100 g−1), TFC (77.08 mg QE 100 g−1) and TAC (28.76 mMTE 100 g−1) was observed.

Phytochemical Assessment, Anti-inflammatory and Antimalarial Activities of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) Root Extract

The study evaluated the phytochemicals, acute toxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial activities of B. vulgaris extract. The antioxidant potential was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the formalin-induced inflammation technique was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Also, the in vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated against Plasmodium berghei parasites and the required doses were given according to the weight of the animal two hours after inoculation of parasites on D1, then once daily for D2-D4. Phytochemical analysis showed that Beta vulgaris extract contained alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. The oral administration of crude ethanol extract of B. vulgaris to Swiss mice was not toxic even up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. The root extract had the highest percentage inhibition of 74.46 ± 0.98 and for ascorbic acid 98.66 ± 0.16 at 1000 µg/mL extract in the antioxidant evaluation. Beta vulgaris had significant anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/kg at 1hr being the most effective. There was a dose-dependent increase in percentage chemo-suppression of the parasites by the different groups with maximum effect at 800 mg/kg (59.68-35.09%). This study validates the phytomedicinal use of beet root extract for the management of inflammation, malaria and oxidative stress-related infections.

Determination the levels of total bilirubin, total protein and liver histopathological changes in hepatotoxic rats and the role of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract

The present study was done to investigate the therapeutic efficiency of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract versus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in overcoming experimentally induced hapatotoxicity in rats by given double maximum therapeutic oral dose of Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP). The experiment was performed by two parts: First part was involved the extraction of Beta vulgaris roots by using 90% ethanolic solvent and identification the main phytochemical constituents of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract by GC-MS spectrometry analysis , while the second part of experiment was involved the determination and understand the therapeutic effect of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract on hepatotoxicity induced by Acetaminophen which administered more than the recommended dose in rats. Three treated groups of male albino rats (12 rats each) and the dosing regimen was performed as follows: Each group was dosed (APAP) twice daily of (100 mg/kg) for 14 days as follows dosing regimen: Positive control group: Rats were daily administered Acetaminophen at dose (100 mg/kg) orally twice a day as (50 mg/kg) in the morning and (50 mg/kg) at the evening for 14 days followed by two weeks recovery.

Study the hepatoprotective effects and oxidant-antioxidant status of beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract in hepatotoxic rats induced by acetaminophen

The present study was done to investigate the therapeutic efficiency of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract versus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in overcoming experimentally induced hapatotoxicity in rats by given double maximum therapeutic dose of Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) or paracetamol®) orally. The experiment was performed by two parts: First part was involved the extraction of Beta vulgaris roots by using 90% ethanolic solvent and detection the main phytochemical constituents of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract and their concentrations% by using spectrophotometry analysis, while the second part of experiment was involved the determination and understand the therapeutic effect of Beta vulgaris roots ethanolic extract on hepatotoxicity induced by Acetaminophen which administered more than the recommended dose in rats. Three treated groups of male albino rats (12 rats each) and the dosing regimen was performed as follows: Each group was dosed (APAP) twice daily of (100 mg/kg B.W.) for 14 days as follows dosing regimen: Positive control group: Rats were daily administered Acetaminophen at dose (100 mg/kg) orally twice a day as (50 mg/kg) in the morning and (50 mg/kg) at the evening for 14 days followed by two weeks recovery.

Assessment of lipid preservation by carotenoids extracted from Daucus carota (L.) and Beta vulgaris (L.) roots

Fruits and vegetables are good sources of phytochemicals such as carotenoids capable of preventing diseases and maintaining well-being. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of carotenoids obtained from Daucus carota L. (D. carota) and Beta vulgaris L. (B. vulgaris) roots and to determine their impact on the fat preservation. Carotenoids were extracted using a mixture of an equal volume of methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The antioxidant activity of the roots extracts was determined using DPPH scavenging and β-carotene bleaching methods. The oxidative stability of the butter added to the roots extracts was assessed using the Schall test. Results have shown that carotenoid contents of D. carota and B. vulgaris extracts were about 2.47±0.24 and 1.44±0.09 mg β-carotene equivalent per g of roots extract, respectively. DPPH-scavenging activity revealed IC50 values of 0.58 and 0.89 mg /mL, and a percentage of β-carotene bleaching inhibition of 51.25±4.26% and 56.84% in the presence of 1mg/mL of B. vulgaris and D. carota extract, respectively. The oxidation of the butter fats was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the presence of the two carotenoid extracts compared to the control. The present study clearly showed the protective effect of D. carota and B. vulgaris against oxidative reactions in general and lipid peroxidation in particular. In addition to its use as a natural colorant, the carotenoids roots extract of these two plants could be used as a potential food preservative.

Comparative Evaluation of Nutritional Values in Different Food Prepared Traditional Methods from Iraqi Cuisine of Beta Vulgaris Roots

This study aims to assess the nutritional values of Iraqi Beta vulgaris roots, prepared with different traditional methods. A juice of beta vulgaris roots is considered a good and vital dietary source of Fe, NO3-, Mg, K, vitamin C, and folic acid. We show for the first time the difference in amounts of some metal ions, vitamins, and nutritional values in the prepared beta vulgaris roots depending on its cooking method in Iraqi cuisine using atomic absorption spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ion selective electrode to determine the nitrate ions. The way of preparation of beta vulgaris juice influences the concentration of these six major elements. Four different ways of preparing beta vulgaris roots were carried out and subjected to elemental analysis. In general, it is found that K has a high value of concentration, while folic acid was found in low concentrations. A juice sample prepared with cooled deionized water has higher values of concentration of Fe than other procedures, while the salted samples prepared with NaCl were rich in NO3-. Also, elemental analysis of these samples showed that the acidified samples with acetic acid have higher values of concentration of Mg, K, vitamin C, and folic acid than other juice samples. Thus, it can be concluded that the concentrations of elements in the juice samples of Beta vulgaris roots are influenced by polarity and temperature.

Comparative organization of tubulin microtubules in root cells of Zea mays (Poaceae) and Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae s. str. / Amaranthaceae s. l.) under the influence of clinorotation

In order to identify the mechanism of functioning of the tubulin cytoskeleton, we have investigated the impact of clinorotation on cortical microtubules organization in the process of cell differentiation in growth zones of plant roots of Zea mays and Beta vulgaris. The similar organization of cortical and endoplasmic microtubules’ network in both species is noted. Clinorotation did not significantly change the organization of microtubules in meristem cells and the central elongation root zone. However, in the distal elongation zone of roots, both Z. mays and B. vulgaris expressed deviations of individual microtubules from the ordered transverse organization (at an angle greater than 45º). This deviation of the microtubules is likely caused by clinorotation and results in discoordination of root growth under these conditions. In addition, it has been found that the scope of destruction of the MT network by taxol in the root cells of both species is not dependent on clinorotation.

Voltage-Dependent Anion-Selective Channels and Other Mitochondrial Membrane Proteins Form Diverse Complexes in Beetroots Subjected to Flood-Induced Programmed Cell Death.

In plants, programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in both the development and the response to biotic and abiotic aggressions. In early stages of PCD, mitochondrial membranes are made permeable by the formation of permeability transition pores, whose protein composition is debated. Cytochrome c (cyt c) is then released from mitochondria, inducing the degradation of chromatin characteristic of PCD. Since flooding stress can produce PCD in several plant species, the first goal of this study was to know if flooding stress could be used to induce PCD in Beta vulgaris roots. To do this, 2-month-old beet plants were flood-stressed from 1 to 5 days, and the alterations indicating PCD in stressed beetroot cells were observed with a confocal fluorescence microscope. As expected, nuclei were deformed, and chromatin was condensed and fragmented in flooded beetroots. In addition, cyt c was released from mitochondria. After assessing that flood stress induced PCD in beetroots, the composition of mitochondrial protein complexes was observed in control and flood-stressed beetroots. Protein complexes from isolated mitochondria were separated by native gel electrophoresis, and their proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The spectra count of three isoforms of voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDACs) increased after 1 day of flooding. In addition, the size of the complexes formed by VDAC was higher in flood-stressed beetroots for 1 day (∼200 kDa) compared with non-stressed ones (∼100 kDa). Other proteins, such as chaperonin CPN60-2, also formed complexes with different masses in control and flood-stressed beetroots. Finally, possible interactions of VDAC with other proteins were found performing a cluster analysis. These results indicate that mitochondrial protein complexes formed by VDAC could be involved in the process of PCD in flood-stressed beetroots. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027781.

Protective effect of Beta vulgaris roots supplementation on anemic phenylhydrazine-intoxicated rats.

Anemia is a public health problem that affects many people worldwide. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is a plant supposed to have many healthy features. The present study was done to evaluate the anti-anemic effect of beetroot supplement on anemia induced by phenylhydrazine in albino rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. The control group was kept normal rats. In the second group, anemia was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 60 mg/kg in 3 divided doses daily, for 3 consecutive days. The last three groups received phenylhydrazine as the anemic group. Then, the third group received beetroot extract in dose 200 mg/kg for 24 days. The fourth group received beetroot powder in dose 1000 mg/kg for 24 days. The last group received iron (III) hydroxide polymaltose complex in dose 5mg/kg for 24 days. Our results showed that hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine in rats caused alteration in the blood picture, iron indices, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological picture. However, the supplementation with beetroot ameliorated these alterations, especially beetroot powder which showed powerful health effects compared to beetroot extract and iron preparation.

Sustainable antibacterial printing of cellulosic fabrics using an indigenous chitosan-based thickener with distinct natural dyes

PurposeChitosan is widely considered as a natural polymer and a diverse finish to impart antibacterial property and enhanced dye uptake of textiles. Herein, the authors have investigated the feasibility of using chitosan/starch blend as a thickener in screen printing of cellulosic fabrics with some natural dyes.Design/methodology/approachThe polymeric blend of chitosan/starch was prepared and used as a thickener for screen printing with three natural dye extracts, namely, Curcuma tinctoria (turmeric), Beta vulgaris (beet) roots and Lawsonia alba (henna) leaves on cellulosic fabrics like cotton and viscose. The viscosity and rheological properties of print paste as a fresh and after overnight shelving were examined. The influence of polymeric blends on cellulosic fabrics' print properties was inspected by determining their colorfastness, rubbing fastness, tensile strength and antibacterial activity.FindingsThe results depicted that chitosan/starch blend as printing thickener increased the shade depth with good wet and dry rubbing fastness for all the test natural dyes. The antibacterial activity of resultant printed cellulosic fabrics was found to be satisfactory against broad-spectrum bacterial strains.Practical implicationsThis study's outcome is the development of chitosan blend thickeners to print the cellulosic fabrics with indigenous natural dyes.Originality/valueThe authors found no previous report on the synthesis of chitosan-based antibacterial blend thickeners with three distinct natural dyes and their application in screen printing of native and regenerated cellulosic fabrics of cotton and viscose, respectively.

Root hydraulics adjustment is governed by a dominant cell-to-cell pathway in Beta vulgaris seedlings exposed to salt stress

Soil salinity reduces root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) of several plant species. However, how cellular signaling and root hydraulic properties are linked in plants that can cope with water restriction remains unclear. In this work, we exposed the halotolerant species red beet (Beta vulgaris) to increasing concentrations of NaCl to determine the components that might be critical to sustaining the capacity to adjust root hydraulics. Our strategy was to use both hydraulic and cellular approaches in hydroponically grown seedlings during the first osmotic phase of salt stress. Interestingly, Lpr presented a bimodal profile response apart from the magnitude of the imposed salt stress. As well as Lpr, the PIP2-aquaporin profile follows an unphosphorylated/phosphorylated pattern when increasing NaCl concentration while PIP1 aquaporins remain constant. Lpr also shows high sensitivity to cycloheximide. In low NaCl concentrations, Lpr was high and 70 % of its capacity could be attributed to the CHX-inhibited cell-to-cell pathway. More interestingly, roots can maintain a constant spontaneous exudated flow that is independent of the applied NaCl concentration. In conclusion, Beta vulgaris root hydraulic adjustment completely lies in a dominant cell-to-cell pathway that contributes to satisfying plant water demands.

Implication of actin in the uptake of sucrose and valine in the tap root and leaf of sugar beet.

Actin microfilaments (F-actin) are major components of the cytoskeleton essential for many cellular dynamic processes (vesicle trafficking, cytoplasmic streaming, organelle movements). The aim of this study was to examine whether cortical actin microfilaments might be implicated in the regulation of nutrient uptake in root and leaf cells of Beta vulgaris. Using antibodies raised against actin and the AtSUC1 sucrose transporter, immunochemical assays demonstrated that the expression of actin and a sucrose transporter showed different characteristics, when detected on plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) purified from roots and from leaves. The in situ immunolabeling of actin and AtSUC1 sites in PMVs and tissues showed their close proximity to the plasma membrane. Using co-labeling in protoplasts, actin and sucrose transporters were localized along the internal border and in the outermost part of the plasma membrane, respectively. This respective membrane co-localization was confirmed on PMVs and in tissues using transmission electronic microscopy. The possible functional role of actin in sucrose uptake (and valine uptake, comparatively) by PMVs and tissues from roots and leaves was examined using the pharmacological inhibitors, cytochalasin B (CB), cytochalasin D (CD), and phalloidin (PH). CB and CD inhibited the sucrose and valine uptake by root tissues in a concentration-dependent manner above 1 μM, whereas PH had no such effect. Comparatively, the toxins inhibited the sucrose and valine uptake in leaf discs to a lesser extent. The inhibition was not due to a hindering of the proton pumping and H+ -ATPase catalytic activity determined in PMVs incubated in presence of these toxins.

Morphological and molecular identification of Macrophomina phaseolina in the pool of pathogens of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) root rot : Screening of fungicides for its control

Morphological and molecular identification of Macrophomina phaseolina in the pool of pathogens of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) root rot : Screening of fungicides for its control

Effect of cornstalk biochar on phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by Beta vulgaris var. cicla L

Cadmium (Cd) contamination is the most common and extensive heavy metal pollution in the farmland of China. Phytoremediation is considered as a promising measure for Cd-contaminated soil remediation, but the remediation efficiency still needs to be enhanced. Biochar as an effective amendment medium is widely manufactured and studied for the soil remediation of heavy metals. In this study, a greenhouse pot trial was conducted to investigate the effects of cornstalk biochar on Cd accumulation of Beta vulgaris var. cicla L. (Beta vulgaris) in Cd contaminated soil. The Cd availability, speciation and nutrients in soil, biomass and Cd chemical forms in the Beta vulgaris root were studied to explore the mechanism that how the cornstalk biochar promoted Cd accumulation in Beta vulgaris. Biochar amendment reduced the DTPA-extractable Cd concentration and stimulated the growth of root. Compared to the Beta vulgaris without biochar treatment, the results of 5% biochar amendment showed that the root dry weight of Beta vulgaris increased to 267%, Cd accumulation in Beta vulgaris increased to 206% and the Cd concentration in leaves and roots increased by 36% and 52%, respectively. Additionally, after 5% biochar was applied to soil, the total content of organic matter-bound Cd and residual Cd increased by 38%, while the content of Fe–Mn oxides-bound Cd decreased by 40%. Meanwhile, Cd may mainly bind to the root cell wall and the ratio of NaCl-extracted Cd to HAc-extracted Cd increased to 166% with 5% biochar amendment. According to our study, Cd in soil can be removed by Beta vulgaris and phytoremediation efficiency can be improved with biochar amendment. The combination of phytoremediation and biochar amendment is a promising strategy for the Cd-contaminated soil remediation.

Co-cultivation of Beta vulgaris limits the pre-harvest colonization of foodborne pathogen (Salmonella spp.) on tomato

Soil-borne Salmonella is associated with a large number of food-related disease outbreaks linked to pre-harvest contamination of plants (like tomato) in agricultural fields. Controlling the spread of Salmonella at field is very important in order to prevent various food-borne illnesses. One such approach involves the utilization of antimicrobial secondary metabolite of plant origin. We screened common salad vegetables for anti-Salmonella activity. Beta vulgaris root (beetroot) had very low colonization of Salmonella under in vitro conditions. We hypothesized that beetroot can be used to reclaim the soil contaminated with Salmonella. Cultivation of B. vulgaris in Salmonella treated soil brings down its CFU significantly. Since these antimicrobial effects are non-specific, a co-cultivation system of beet and tomato (a Salmonella susceptible plant) was used to analyze the effect on soil and its microbiota. The soil physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity were unaffected when tomato and beet co-cultivation was used. However, Salmonella burden on the tomato was reduced and its yield was restored. Thus, the inclusion of these crops in the crop-rotation or as a mixed/intercrop or as a bio-control crop can be a fruitful tool to reclaim the Salmonella contaminated soil.

Enhancement of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Contents and Protective Effects of Beta vulgaris Root Extract Against DNA Damage by Fermentation using Lactic Acid Bacteria

Enhancement of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Contents and Protective Effects of Beta vulgaris Root Extract Against DNA Damage by Fermentation using Lactic Acid Bacteria