Root Resorption Of Adjacent Teeth Research Articles

Role of αENaC in root resorption of adjacent teeth due to entirely impacted mandibular third molars

BackgroundEntirely impacted mandibular third molar (EIM3M) concerns the pathological external root resorption (ERR) of the adjacent mandibular second molar (M2M) and formation of granulation tissue between two molars. The study aimed to clarify the effect of αENaC, a mechano-sensitive molecule, to explore the mechanical mechanism in this scenario.MethodsThe force EIM3M exerted on M2M was proved by finite element analysis. αENaC expressions were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules expressions were also detected by real-time PCR. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation analysis, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was further exhibited.ResultsThe force was concentrated in the ERR area. αENaC was upregulated, positively correlated with ERR degree and localized to the fibroblasts in ERR granulation tissues. Moreover, αENaC was respectively and positively associated with elevated TNF-α and N-cadherin in ERR granulation tissues. More importantly, ROC analysis verified αENaC as a novel indication of the incidence of this disease.ConclusionsOur finding revealed the force from EIM3M causing ERR of M2M, and elucidated the expression and localization of αENaC and its positive correlation with inflammation, EMT and disease severity, suggesting a novel indication in this disease.

Effect of Different Angulations of Impacted Maxillary Canine on Root Resorption of adjacent teeth Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study.

Effect of Different Angulations of Impacted Maxillary Canine on Root Resorption of adjacent teeth Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study.

CBCT vs panoramic radiography in assessment of impacted upper canine and root resorption of the adjacent teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The IC may cause reabsorption of adjacent teeth; therefore detailed assessment of its position would enhance decision-making in the clinical workflow. The objective was to compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography (PR) in assessing the position of the impacted upper canine (IC) and root resorption of adjacent teeth. Pubmed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched for studies published before August 2023. Studies that evaluated IC by using both imaging methods were included. For statistical analysis, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Biostat; Englewood, NJ) was used, p≤0.05. A total of 17 articles were included, with 877 patients (average age of 17.6 years) and 1,115 ICs. The most frequent mesio-distal location of the IC was in sectors 3 and 4. The meta-analysis was performed with eleven studies. CBCT was more accurate in determining the labio-palatal position compared with PR (p<0.001) (CI 95%; 60% in labial position, 0.254-0.542, OR:0.398; 56% in palatal position, 0.350-0.533, OR:0.441; 78% in mid-alveolus position, 0.188-0.234, OR:0.221). For IC angulation to the midline, CBCT showing a smaller and more accurate angle than PR (p<0.001) (CI 95%, 18.008-33.686). IC angulation to the occlusal plane and lateral incisor, there was smaller angle in PR compared to CBCT (p<0.001) (CI 95%, 51.292-65.934; CI 95%, 30.011-55.954). With PR, fewer cases of root resorption of teeth adjacent to the IC were visualized compared with CBCT (86% less) (p<0.001) (CI 95%, 0.089-0.186; OR value: 0.138; n=1049). CBCT showed statistically significant differences compared to PR in the assessment of IC position and root resorption of adjacent teeth. CBCT provided clinically relevant information that may contribute to diagnosing and planning IC treatment when PR was not sufficient. Key words:Canine teeth, tooth, impacted, panoramic radiography, Cone-beam computed tomography, systematic review, meta-analysis.

Cone-beam CT imaging features of common cystic lesions associated with the impacted mandibular third molar

Objective: To analyze the imaging features of cone-beam CT (CBCT) of ameloblastoma (AB), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and dentigerous cysts (DC) associated with the mandibular impacted third molars,so as to provide useful information for differential diagnosis of these lesions. Methods: The patients who were with complete clinical data, pathological diagnosis and CBCT images from AB, OKC and DC around the mandibular impacted third molars were collected in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from August 2016 to December 2021. A total of 109 patients (14 were diagnosed as AB, 23 were diagnosed as OKC and the others were diagnosed as dental cysts) were collected, including 73 males and 36 females. The age ranged from 11 to 70. The analyzed imaging features included location and internal density of the lesions, bone expansion, root resorption of adjacent teeth and types of the impacted teeth. The Chi square test was used to compare the gender of different lesions, and the Fisher's exact test was used to compare imaging features of lesions. When P<0.05, there was a significant difference among the three. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the imaging features that significantly contribute to correct imaging diagnosis. Corresponding P-values were calculated for all factors from multivariate models. Results: In the 23 cases of OKC, no special location was observed for the center of the lesion, heterogeneous high-density were seen in 21.7% of the cases, 56.5% of the cases had no significant bone expansion and the impacted teeth were not specially oriented. Among the 14 AB, 7 cases (7/14) were mainly located in the ramus of the mandible, and all cases (14/14) had buccal/lingual expansion of the jaw, 8 cases (8/14) presented root resorption of the adjacent teeth, and mesial impacted mandibular third molar were seen in 6 cases (6/14). Among the 72 DC, 88.9% (64/72) of the cases were mainly limited to the crown of the impacted third molar, 72.2% (52/72) of the cases had no obvious bone expansion, inverted impacted teeth were shown in 56.9% (41/72) of the cases. There was a significant difference among the three groups (χ2=7.30, P=0.026) in gender. AB and odontogenic cyst were more common in men than in women, while the incidence of OKC was roughly equal between men and women.There were significant differences in the location (P<0.001), internal density (P=0.001) of the lesions, bone expansion (P<0.001) and types of the impacted teeth (P<0.001), while no statistical difference was found for root resorption of adjacent teeth (P=0.153). Logistics regression analysis showed that the location of the lesion, internal density, bone expansion, root resorption of adjacent teeth and the types of impacted teeth had significant effects on the accurate diagnosis of the three kinds of lesions. Conclusions: Location, internal density, bone expansion and types of the impacted teeth played an important role in the correct imaging diagnosis. Further analysis indicates that when the classification of impacted teeth and the location of lesions are considered synchronously, DC can be differentiated from AB and OKC.

CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC CONFERENCE CASE 1: A MULTILOCULAR RADIOLUCENCY OF THE RIGHT MANDIBLE

CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC CONFERENCE CASE 1: A MULTILOCULAR RADIOLUCENCY OF THE RIGHT MANDIBLE

Third molar impaction prevalence and pattern: a panoramic radiography investigation

Objectives: The most commonly encountered impacted tooth is the third molar, and potential problems include oral cysts and tumors as well as caries, periapical lesions, periodontal disease, TMJ disorders, and root resorption of adjacent teeth. The aim of this investigation was to determine the third molar impaction prevalence and pattern.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 530 panoramic radiographs of patients who visited Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital from January to December 2020 were collected. Data were recorded based on third molars region, eruption level, angulation, and impaction class from radiographs that met the criteria on Excel sheets and analyzed using SPSS 26. Chi square test was performed to assess relationship between impaction patterns with age and gender. The level of significance was fixed at p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: 115 radiographs were included and analyzed (45.2% male and 54.8% female). Third molar impaction prevalence was higher in females, in the age group 21-30 years, with level A eruption and vertical angulation. Most #38 and #48 demonstrated class 2 impaction. Apart from angulation and impaction class on #38, there was no significant difference between impaction patterns by age and gender group (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Third molar impaction was more common in women aged 21-30 years with a dominant impaction pattern at level A with vertical angulation. In the mandible, class 2 of the Pell and Gregory classification are known to be dominant in third molar impaction.

Evaluation of a correlation between the severity of root resorption of adjacent teeth and level of difficulty of impacted canine – A cone-beam computed tomography study

Objectives: An interrelation between the level of difficulty of canine impaction based on its three-dimensional position and the degree of root resorption of the adjacent teeth improves the quality of orthodontic treatment planning. It would be advantageous for clinicians to know the predilection of resorption in varying canine positions. The aim of the study is to evaluate and correlate the severity of root resorption of adjacent teeth and the level of difficulty of impacted canine classified by KPG Index and sector analysis using cone-beam computed tomography. Material and Methods: The study sample comprised 48 impacted canines in orthodontic patients (17 boys and 27 girls) with a mean age of 24 years. The cone-beam computed tomographs were evaluated using Dolphin Imaging Software and primarily, three observations were recorded: KPG index, sector analysis, and root resorption. The samples were equally divided into four groups based on the KPG index, with 12 samples in each group. Additionally, the inclination of the canine in the frontal plane and their degree of vertical eruption were recorded. Results: The number and severity of resorptive lesions increased as the KPG score escalated. The mean KPG score was 13.67 ± 6.336 and the average KPG index was 2.5 ± 1.13. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between all the parameters and root resorption. Conclusion: A positive correlation exists between the level of difficulty of canine impaction and root resorption of the adjacent teeth. A KPG score higher than 13.67 can be a resourceful predictor of resorptive lesions. An increased tendency of root resorption of the neighboring teeth was observed when angle α and angle β exceed 43.71° and 43.26°, respectively.

Root resorption of adjacent teeth due to maxillary impacted canines – comparative analysis of the findings on cone beam computed tomography and panoramic imaging

Background/Aim. A frequently reported phenomenon associated with impacted maxillary canines is root resorption (RR) of the adjacent teeth. The reported incidence of RR also depends on the radiographic imaging method used. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between two radiographic methods: panoramic imaging (orthopantomogram ? OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in diagnosing contact between the impacted canine with the adjacent teeth and the existence of their resorption. Methods. The study included 64 subjects aged 12 to 33 years, with 80 impacted maxillary canines not orthodontically treated previously. Positions of impacted maxillary ca-nines and possible RR of adjacent teeth were firstly estimated on the OPT and then on the CBCT. Results. The estimated prevalence of RR of permanent teeth was significantly different concerning the estimation of OPT and CBCT imaging. RR of the adjacent teeth was found in 25% of the OPT but i n 6 6.25% of the CBCT. The lateral incisor was the tooth most commonly affected by RR. It is especially important to emphasize that premolar resorption was not detected at all using OPT. Conclusion. There was a highly significant difference between OPT and CBCT analysis concerning the relationship between the impacted canine and adjacent teeth and their possible resorptions. CBCT is a more accurate and precise examination method compared to OPT for determining the localization of impacted teeth and the possible presence of RR in the adjacent teeth.

The Effect of Maxilla Impacted Canine Positions on Root Resorption of Adjacent Teeth Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging

Objective. To determine the effect of the impacted position of the maxillary canine on the root resorption of the adjacent incisor using Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging.Methods. This was an analytic quantitative study. The research sample determined CBCT images of treatmentpatients at the Orthodontic Specialist Policlinic in Dental Hospital of Airlangga University over a three-year period and secondary data taken from Pramita Laboratory. CBCT photos that met the inclusion criteria, including mesially impacted canine or close to central or lateral incisors with completely formed anatomy were then analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to determine x-axis, y-axis, z-axis position of the impacted canine on the severity of root resorption of the adjacent incisor, and the effect of impacted canines on all axes simultaneously on the severity of root resorption of the adjacent incisors.Results. The position of the impacted canine in the x-axis and z-axis planes had a significant influence on the root resorption of the adjacent incisor. Meanwhile, impacted canine from the y-axis plane showed non-significant influence on the root resorption.Conclusion. The position of the impacted canine when viewed in all planes of the tooth axis has a significant effect on the severity of root resorption of the adjacent incisor

Evaluation of Impacted Maxillary Canine Position Using Panoramic Radiographs and Cone-beam Computed Tomography

The purpose of this study was to compare the mesio-distal and vertical position of impacted maxillary canines on panoramic radiographs with the labio-palatal position of impacted canines and root resorption of adjacent teeth on CBCT (ConeBeam Computed Tomography). A total of 54 patients with 69 impacted maxillary canines were included in this study. On panoramic radiographs, the mesio-distal (Sector I - V), and vertical position, and angulation of impacted maxillary canines were evaluated. Labio-palatal position and root resorption of adjacent teeth were evaluated on CBCT. Labial impaction of canines was most frequent in panoramic sector I. Impaction within the arch was most frequent in sector I and II. Palatal impaction was most frequent in sector III, IV, and V. Mesially positioned canines on panoramic radiographs tended to be palatally impacted. Most of the root resorption of adjacent teeth occurred in sector III, IV, and V (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Canines with low angulation on panoramic radiographs tended to be palatally impacted and resorb the roots of adjacent teeth. The vertical position of impacted canines on panoramic radiographs was not statistically significant with respect to labio-palatal position and root resorption of adjacent teeth on CBCT. Analysis of the mesio-distal position and angulation of impacted maxillary canines on panoramic radiographs can be used to predict the labio-palatal position of impacted canines and root resorption of adjacent teeth.

Clinical Management and Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Supernumerary Teeth in Infancy: A Case Report

Supernumerary teeth develop from excessive proliferation and development of the dental lamina. Supernumerary teeth can cause several problems, including ectopic eruption, delayed eruption, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and diastema. Supernumerary teeth in infancy are rare and have rarely been reported. Case of a 2-day-old infant with 3 supernumerary teeth is presented here and the patient was followed up for 21 months. The erupted supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition was extracted under moderate sedation at the age of 14 months. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the extracted tooth confirmed microscopic root malformation. After extraction, the midline diastema was reduced and oral hygiene improved. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent complications of supernumerary teeth.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Supernumerary Premolars in a Non-Syndromic Turkish Children Between 6-18 Years of Age: A Retrospective CBCT Study

Background: The prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary premolars in non-syndromic Turkish children between 6-18 years of age was investigated in this retrospective study through CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) analysis. Methods: CBCT images of 48 patients with at least one supernumerary premolar were evaluated in 1012 images of patients referred between 2015 and 2020. The localization, number, eruption state, shape, the position of supernumerary premolar, concomitant other dental anomalies, associated complications, and the presence of resorption on the nearest adjacent teeth were recorded. The statistical analysis of possible associated factors with resorption was performed by the Chi-square test and Logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of supernumerary premolars was 4.7%. A total of 107 supernumerary premolars in 48 patients with mean age of 15.02  2.24 were analyzed. Compared to single supernumerary premolar, multiple supernumerary premolars were more prevalent (62.5%). The concomitant dental anomalies such as pulp stones, mesiodens were observed in fifteen patients (31.2%). Most of the supernumerary premolars were impacted, supplemental shaped and vertical position. The most common complication associated with supernumerary premolars was root resorption (56.4%) of neighborhood teeth. Supernumerary premolars with immature roots induced significantly higher resorption percentages than only crown ones (P = 0.002). Also, the root resorption of adjacent teeth due to supernumerary premolars was significantly higher in children over 13 years of age (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence and three-dimensional radiographic characteristics of supernumerary premolars in non-syndromic Turkish children offer valuable information to the literature and highlight the possible complications.

Lateral Incisor Root Resorption: A Consequence of Ectopic Maxillary Canine Teeth

Root resorption of permanent teeth is a recognized complication of ectopic maxillary permanent canines. This type of resorption is sometimes missed and can be diagnosed at the late presentation stage. Treatment of external resorption is complex and can require extraction of the affected tooth. This review provides an insight into the current evidence and guidance related to the interceptive treatment of displaced permanent maxillary canines to minimize the risk of resorption of adjacent teeth. Supported by two clinical cases, it looks into treatment options and long-term management of lateral incisors with external root resorption of varying severities. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Primary care practitioners are best placed to recognize displaced maxillary permanent canines in a timely manner, and so, root resorption of adjacent teeth may be prevented.

Supernumerary teeth in premolar and molar area on CBCT: a pictorial review.

Objective: to build a descriptive classification of premolar and molar supernumerary teeth (ST) when preparing the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) report. The aim is also to share wide range of CBCT images in the open access publishing model. Material and methods: For our review we systematically searched for articles from PubMed with 1) free full texts on ST in molar and premolar area and using CBCT, and 2) articles providing with information on complications related with the presence of ST in molar and premolar area. We also added to our review studies providing with classic ST classifications in premolar and molar area. Results: We found 29 cases of ST, and we freely illustrated them with 84 figures. We separated our pictorial review in: 1) unilateral ST in the mandible, 2) unilateral ST in the maxilla, 3) unilateral undersized ST, 4) bilateral ST, 5) ST with additional features, and 6) cases with major hyperdontia. Conclusions: we build up the classification matrix for premolar and molar ST with 11 descriptors and 50 boxes. The descriptors were: 1) location if the ST crown in axial view, 2) vertical location of the cusp tip in relation with closest erupted tooth in coronal view, 3) shape, 4) distribution, 5) Position (in relation to normal tooth eruption) in sagittal view, 6) State of eruption of the ST in the sagittal view, 7) Follicle size measurement in sagittal view, 8) External root resorption of adjacent teeth by ST and its location in relation to the long axis of the involved tooth, 9) Internal resorption of ST, 10) Adjacent tooth complication, and 11) Damage to surrounding structures if ST removal. The open access figures from the literature illustrated 11 boxes. With our pictorial review we were able to illustrate 45 out of 50 boxes, and freely provide the readership with the most complete description of ST in premolar and molar area on CBCT than in previously published studies.

Root Resorption of Adjacent Teeth Associated with Maxillary Canine Impaction in the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

This study aimed to identify the location of root resorption in relation to an impacted maxillary canine and grade its severity using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Saudi Arabian population. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 169 patients with maxillary canine impaction were evaluated. The location and the severity of root resorption of the affected tooth in relation to the impacted maxillary canine were recorded for each patient. Results: a total 204 impacted maxillary canines caused root resorption in 218 adjacent teeth. Maximum root resorption was present in 63.3% of the apical one-third of the root and 37.6% of the palatal surfaces. There was mild root resorption in 55%, moderate in 10% and severe in 35%. There was no statistically significant difference between the gender, age, type of impaction, side of impaction, and the number, location, or degree of root resorption. Multiple logistic regression models showed significant association (p = 0.024) between gender, type of impaction, and root resorption. A significant correlation was found between the level and the surface of the root resorption (p = 0.018). Conclusion: In the Saudi population, apical one-third root levels and palatal surfaces were primarily involved in root resorption caused by impacted canines. The females with bilateral canine impaction were more likely affected by root resorption.

Orthodontic treatment in impacted maxillary canines. A review of the literature

The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is 1 to 3%, with approximately 50% of impacted canines causing root resorption of adjacent teeth. If the permanent canine has not acquired its correct position, evaluation by an orthodontist is necessary to determine the most adequate treatment. Surgery and orthodontic treatment are used for the treatment of impacted canines in the maxilla affecting permanent dentition. Selection of the most adequate treatment to achieve the correct position of the canine tooth depends on the position of the canine. This article summarizes the different techniques available and describes their advantages, and cost-benefit considerations. The objective of this literature review is to describe the etiology of impacted maxillary canines and provide an update of the information on orthodontic treatments available for these patients.

Three-Dimensional Leeds Orthodontic Root Resorption Target Scale (3D-LORTS): A new structured pictographic tool for reporting root resorption caused by impacted maxillary canines detected on CBCT images and its impact on orthodontic treatment planning

The objective of this study was to determine whether use of a root resorption pictogram, the Three-Dimensional Leeds Orthodontic Root Resorption Target Scale (3D-LORTS), in addition to cone beam computed tomography reports was associated with a change in orthodontic extraction decisions in cases with impacted maxillary canines and associated root resorption of adjacent teeth and to assess orthodontists' experiences using the pictogram. Orthodontists completed a web-based survey in which they selected their preferred treatment plan for 6 cases. Each case was randomly presented twice, initially without and then subsequently with the pictogram. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess differences in extraction decisions with and without the pictogram and the participants' experiences using the 3D-LORTS. A total of 194 orthodontists completed the survey. Significant differences in treatment decisions were found for 3 individual cases (P < .05) and for the 6 cases overall (P < .05). The majority of participants had positive perceptions of the pictogram, particularly with respect to ease of use, effect on understanding of root resorption location and severity, and usefulness as a communication aid. Inclusion of the pictogram in cone beam computed tomography reports was associated with an overall change in orthodontists' extraction decisions. The majority of orthodontists reported positive experiences using the 3D-LORTS.

Incidence of impacted teeth requiring fenestration, traction, and orthodontic treatment in Japan

ABSTRACT Purpose This survey aimed to estimate the incidence and severity of impacted teeth indicated for fenestration or fenestration and traction in patients who visited several dental institutions nationwide in Japan from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016. Materials and Methods An online survey was conducted, and 236 dental institutions responded, with 176 reporting their experience with cases of impacted teeth indicated for fenestration/traction. Results Of the 1,683 cases of impacted teeth indicated for fenestration/traction, 434 (25.8%), 391 (23.2%), and 858 (51.0%) were treated using fenestration alone, fenestration/traction, and fenestration/traction and orthodontic treatment, respectively. Impacted teeth were most prevalent in the anterior maxillary region, especially in the canine region, with 435 (24.0%) and 411 (22.7%) impacted teeth on the right and left quadrants, respectively. The most commonly used diagnostic criteria were the radiographic findings of clear inversion or horizontal impaction showing that spontaneous eruption would be difficult in 123 (37.4%) cases. The most severe cases indicated for fenestration/traction were those with two or more impacted teeth, observed in 279 (56.7%) cases, followed by 174 cases of root resorption of adjacent teeth (35.4%). Root resorption due to impacted teeth was most prevalent in the maxillary left lateral incisors, evident in 65 cases (24.5%). Conclusion This study found that impacted teeth often have serious sequelae such as root resorption of adjacent teeth. Thus, early detection and intervention of impacted teeth, as well as preoperative and postoperative orthodontics to establish a physiologically normal occlusion, are necessary.

Root Resorption of Teeth Adjacent to Untreated Impacted Maxillary Canines: A CBCT Study.

Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the position of the impacted maxillary canine (IMC) and then to inspect the frequency, location, and extent of the consequent root resorption (RR) of the adjacent teeth by using CBCT. Materials and Methods Forty-one patients aged 12-68 who have 56 IMC detected on CBCT images were retrospectively examined in 3D. The canine position was determined by assessing the side of impaction, buccopalatal location, the distance of the canine cusp tip to the midline and to the occlusal plane, and canine angulation to the midline. RR of adjacent teeth was analyzed by investigating the nearest location of ectopic canine to adjacent teeth in horizontal and vertical dimensions in addition to measuring the degree of RR. Results Twenty-seven (48.2%) impacted canines were on the right side, and 29 (51.8%) were on the left. Most of these teeth 31 (55.4%) were located palatally, while buccal impaction was seen in only 13 (23.2%) canines and 12 (21.4%) were located centrally. The mean distance of the ectopic canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane was significantly higher in males (14.4 mm) than in females (10.7 mm). RR was seen in 9 central incisors (31.03%) and 21 lateral incisors (41.17%) as well as one case in the first and second premolar. This RR was slight for all the adjacent central incisors and premolars. Conclusions IMC is more frequent in females, palatally and apically. When left untreated, it may cause RR of some of the adjacent teeth with various degrees, however, with no gender preference.

Orthodontic treatment in impacted maxillary canines. A review of the literature.

The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is 1 to 3%, with approximately 50% of impacted canines causing root resorption of adjacent teeth. If the permanent canine has not acquired its correct position, evaluation by an orthodontist is necessary to determine the most adequate treatment. Surgery and orthodontic treatment are used for the treatment of impacted canines in the maxilla affecting permanent dentition. Selection of the most adequate treatment to achieve the correct position of the canine tooth depends on the position of the canine. This article summarizes the different techniques available and describes their advantages, and cost-benefit considerations. The objective of this literature review is to describe the etiology of impacted maxillary canines and provide an update of the information on orthodontic treatments available for these patients.