Second Premolar Root Research Articles

Detection of Vital Anatomical Landmarks in Lower Posterior Premolars and First Molar Area (BuccallyPositioned)During Different Surgical Intervention Using Cone Beam Ct Scan

Background: The mental foramen (MF) is a very important structure; to avoid any trauma to mental nerve may be occur and in order to avoid that, its position, variation in anatomy and shapes should be clearly determined before any surgical procedure.
 Objective: To detect the exact position of MF and thickness of cortical plates in lower premolars and first molars among the Iraqi resident.
 Patients and Methods: For this prospective study, a total of 92 Iraqi adults patients (51 females, 41 males; age range 18-69 years). From October 2020 to February 2021, patients aged range from 25 to 65 years old.Five types of classification we used:
 Type 1, MF under the root of the lower first premolar.
 Type 2, MF between the root of mandibular first & second premolar.
 Type 3, MF below the root of the mandibular second premolar.
 Type 4, MF between the root of lower second premolar & first molar.
 Type 5, MF below the root of the lower first molar.
 Bone thickness is measured in the horizontal direction on the both side lingually and buccally.
 Results: The most common situation of the MF was below the root of lower second premolar.
 Conclusion: Significant difference can be noted in the mean of the distance between MF and root apex in both gender, also significant difference in mean of bone thickness noted between both genders on both sides.

Detection of Vital Anatomical Landmarks in Lower Posterior Premolars and First Molar Area (BuccallyPositioned)During Different Surgical Intervention Using Cone Beam Ct Scan

Background: The mental foramen (MF) is a very important structure; to avoid any trauma to mental nerve may be occur and in order to avoid that, its position, variation in anatomy and shapes should be clearly determined before any surgical procedure. Objective: To detect the exact position of MF and thickness of cortical plates in lower premolars and first molars among the Iraqi resident. Patients and Methods: For this prospective study, a total of 92 Iraqi adults patients (51 females, 41 males; age range 18-69 years). From October 2020 to February 2021, patients aged range from 25 to 65 years old.Five types of classification we used: Type 1, MF under the root of the lower first premolar. Type 2, MF between the root of mandibular first & second premolar. Type 3, MF below the root of the mandibular second premolar. Type 4, MF between the root of lower second premolar & first molar. Type 5, MF below the root of the lower first molar. Bone thickness is measured in the horizontal direction on the both side lingually and buccally. Results: The most common situation of the MF was below the root of lower second premolar. Conclusion: Significant difference can be noted in the mean of the distance between MF and root apex in both gender, also significant difference in mean of bone thickness noted between both genders on both sides.

Abnormal Anatomical Location of Root of Second Premolar in Mental Foramen: A Very Rare Case

ABSTRACT Mental foramen is a key factor in many of the surgical procedures. While carrying out surgical procedures in premolar region, the knowledge of anatomy of mental nerve and its foramen is of utmost importance to avoid intraoperative neurovascular damage and to avoid postoperative neurosensory disturbances. The variations of mental foramen with respect to position, size, and number are very well documented. However, in very rare cases, length of the premolar roots may be abnormally long or abnormally positioned, which can impinge on the mental nerve or may enter mandibular canal or mental foramen. We present one such rare case where second premolar root was impinging on the mental nerve and producing symptoms. Extraction of second premolar was done and patient became asymptomatic postoperatively. How to cite this article Khandelwal P, Dubey S, Hajira N. Abnormal Anatomical Location of Root of Second Premolar in Mental Foramen: A Very Rare Case. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):76-77.

Decompression of a Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report of 4-Year Follow-Up.

This case report described the endodontic treatment and decompression of an extensive lesion in the anterior region of the mandible, detected during clinical and radiographic examination, in a patient with a complaint of slight tenderness to palpation in the area of mandibular right lateral incisor and canine. These teeth had been accessed without proper clinical evaluation, and their pulp tissues were exposed. The periodontal tissues were healthy, with no signs of inflammation or fistula. On radiographic examination, a radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders was seen extending from the distal root of mandibular left second premolar to the mesial root of mandibular right second premolar. Central and lateral mandibular left incisors were unresponsive to thermal pulp testing and exhibited coronal discoloration, consistent with a diagnosis of pulp necrosis. Due to persistent discharge from the root canal system during endodontic procedures despite application of intracanal medicament (calcium hydroxide paste), the decision was made to biopsy and decompress the lesion and conclude endodontic treatment. Histopathologic examination revealed a periapical granuloma. After endodontic treatment of the involved teeth, at 4-year clinical and radiographic follow-up, the affected region was almost completely repaired.

Effects of maxillary molar intrusion on the nasal floor and tooth root using the skeletal anchorage system in dogs.

The skeletal anchorage system (SAS) was developed to provide intraoral absolute anchorage for the intrusion or distalization of molars. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of remarkable molar intrusion on the tooth root and the maxillary sinus floor. Six adult female beagles with fully erupted dentition were used. Titanium miniplates were implanted bilaterally above the maxillary second premolar root apices using pentobarbital anesthesia. The second premolars were intruded for four or seven months after three months of healing after implantation. Standardized dental radiographs were taken periodically to evaluate the amount of tooth movement and root resorption. After the experimental animals were fixed by perfusion at the end of each experimental period, the second premolars were dissected along with the surrounding alveolar bone. Undecalcified (60 microm thick) and decalcified (five microm thick) sections were prepared. The average extent of intrusion was 1.8 mm after four months and 4.2 mm after seven months. The root apices of the intruded molars penetrated into the nasal cavity. Remodeled bone around the intruded molar toots was rich in woven bone on the buccal side, whereas that on the palatal side was rich in lamellar bone. Nasal floor membrane and a thin layer of newly formed bone, which lifted intranasally, covered the intruded molar root. Root resorption partly reached into the dentine without the formation of reparative cementum, and little or no serious pathological changes were seen in the pulp of the intruded molars. SAS effectively intruded maxillary molars, but some moderate root resorption was observed.