Romifidine Research Articles

Comparative Study of the Sedative and Anti-nociceptive Effects of Sacrococcygeal Epidural Administration of Romifidine, Lidocaine, and Romifidine/Lidocaine in the Dromedary Camel

In a randomized prospective study, comparative sedative and anti-nociceptive effects of epidural administration of romifidine (RO), lidocaine (LD), and a combination of romifidine-lidocaine (ROLD) in camel were evaluated. Eighteen healthy adult dromedary camels were assigned randomly to three treatment groups (n = 6), each receiving 50 μg/kg of RO, 0.30 mg/kg of LD, or a combination of both RO and LD. All treatments were expanded in 0.9% sterile normal saline solution to a final dose volume of 20 ml and administered directly into the sacrococcygeal space. After epidural injection of each treatment, the onset time, duration, anatomical extension of anti-nociception, and sedation were documented. Anti-nociception was tested at different areas using a pinprick test and artery forceps pinching at the perineum and inguinal area. RO and ROLD treatments resulted in mild to severe sedation and complete bilateral analgesia with loss of sensation in the tail, perineum, scrotum in males, vulva in females, the caudal aspect skin of the upper hind limb, and inguinal region (udder in females and the prepuce in males). The anatomic extent of anti-nociception reached the chest cranially and the footpad distally. Camels who received LD showed the shortest duration (P < 0.001) to the onset of perineal anti-nociception (3.67 ± 0.33 min) followed by those who received RO LD (4.00 ± 0.37 min) and RO (6.67 ± 0.33 min), respectively. RO and ROLD resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) longer periods of analgesia (158.33 ± 4.01 min and 165 ± 3.87 min, respectively) than LD (75.83 ± 3.27). An epidural RO and ROLD would appear to produce a very effective and acceptable anti-nociceptive effect in the perineal and inguinal regions of camels.

Comparative Efficacy of Xylazine, Detomidine and Romifidine as Epidural Anesthetics in Egyptian Goat (Capra Hircus)

The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of xylazine (XYL), detomidine (DET) and romifidine (ROM) on analgesia, sedation and haematobiochemical parameters following epidural injection in Baladi Egyption goats. Six goats were used; treatment consists of 200µg/kg xylazine, 40µg/kg detomidine, 50µg/kg romifidine administrated in each group sequentially. Onset, duration and degree of analgesia, sedation and ataxia were recorded. Physical parameters (RR, RT, and HR), Hb, PCV%, DCL, serum glucose, urea, creatinine, ALT and AST were evaluated prior to injection and at 15, 45, 75,120 min after injection. Onset of analgesia after epidural DET was significantly earlier (1.00±0.28min). The duration of analgesia was significantly longer with ROM (140.00±1.15min). Analgesia and sedation scores were higher after administration of ROM. Duration of sedation was significantly longer with ROM (130.00±1.15min). The duration of ataxia was significantly shorter with DET (70.00±0.00min), with most delayed onset. It was noticed that RR, RT and HR tends to decrease overall at various treated groups compared to baseline levels. Hb and PCV were within the physiological limits in all groups. There was significant increase in blood glucose level after administration of all tested drugs. The BUN levels were decreased significantly with the administration of DETO and ROM. XYL produced a significant increase in creatinine and AST levels. ALT values significantly declined with XYL. In conclusion, Epidural administration of XYL, DET or ROM proved to be an effective analgesic and sedative agents for goats without severe adverse effect.

A comparison of romifidine and xylazine in foals: the effects on sedation and analgesia

A comparison of romifidine and xylazine in foals: the effects on sedation and analgesia

Comparação dos efeitos da romifidina e de uma emulsão de amitraz na sedação e na atividade locomotora espontânea de eqüinos

Os agonistas de receptores adrenérgicos do tipo alfa-2 amitraz (AM) e romifidina (RMF) produzem efeito sedativo e reduzem a atividade locomotora espontânea (ALE) em eqüinos. Compararam-se os efeitos sedativos e comportamentais da injeção intravenosa de RMF (0,06mg/kg) ou AM 0,1mg/kg (AM 0,1) ou 0,4mg/kg (AM 0,4) em cavalos. RMF provocou ptose de cabeça (PC) por 45 minutos. O amitraz provocou PC entre 45 e 60 e entre 120 e 150 minutos com a dose menor, e por 180 minutos com a dose maior. Os dados relacionados à ALE não foram conclusivos. RMF ou AM 0,4 causaram sedação mais intensa que AM 0,1 até 20 minutos. Após 20 minutos, a sedação provocada pelo AM 0,4 foi mais intensa que para a RMF ou o AM 0,1. A romifidina causou sedação por 45 minutos. A emulsão de amitraz provocou sedação dose-dependente por 180 minutos. Em relação à romifidina, o amitraz produziu uma sedação mais consistente. Nas doses e na diluição aplicada, o amitraz é eficaz como sedativo para cavalos.

The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate

ObjectiveTo determine the cardiopulmonary response to romifidine (RO) in the dog with or without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate. Study designRandomized, cross–over experimental study. AnimalsSix (three male, three female) cross–bred dogs weighing 23 ± 2.4 kg. MethodsTwo–dimensional guided M–mode echocardiography was performed in conscious dogs simultaneously with measurement of systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR). Dimensions of the left ventricle (LVID), interventricular septum (IVS), and left ventricular free wall (LVFW) were obtained in systole (S) and diastole (D). Amplitude of motion (Amp) of the IVS and LVFW were also measured. From these, measures of wall stress (WS) and fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle were derived. Baseline echocardiographic measurements were recorded, following which one of the five treatments was administered. Glycopyrrolate (G) 0.01 mg kg−1, or saline (S) 0.5 mL, was administered IM as pre–medication (Gp or Sp), or G was administered concurrently (Gc) with romifidine (RO). Treatments were: T1, Sp + RO (40 μg kg−1); T2, Gp + RO (40 μg kg−1); T3, Sp + RO (120 μg kg−1); T4, Gp + RO (120 μg kg−1); and T5, Sp + Gc +RO (120 μg kg−1). Romifidine or RO + Gc was administered SC 20 minutes after pre–medication (time 0), and further measurements were taken 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after RO. ResultsEchocardiographic indices of cardiac systolic function (LVID–S, FS, Amp–LVFW) and HR were decreased in RO–sedated dogs (p < 0.0001) . The magnitude of change in cardiac indices was least with low–dose RO. At most sampling times, high–dose RO produced significantly more alteration in cardiac indices. Systolic blood pressure increased in all treatment groups, with the greatest increases in those groups receiving G. Glycopyrrolate significantly increased HR; however, cardiac indices were further reduced. Wall stress significantly increased, with a more dramatic increase in groups receiving G. ConclusionsIndices of LV systolic function were reduced in RO–sedated dogs in a dose–related manner. Glycopyrrolate further reduced these indices and dramatically increased measurements of wall stress in dogs sedated with RO. Clinical relevanceUse of low–dose RO minimizes cardiac dysfunction; however, it should still be used cautiously in dogs with cardiomyopathy or heart failure. The routine use of G is not recommended to alleviate the bradycardia associated with RO in conscious dogs.

The cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate

ObjectiveTo determine the electrocardiographic and cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate. Study designRandomized crossover experimental study. AnimalsSix (three male, three female) cross–bred dogs weighing 23 ± 2.4 kg. MethodsBaseline cardiopulmonary measurements were obtained in conscious dogs and one of five treatments was administered. Glycopyrrolate (G) 0.01 mg kg−1, or saline (S) 0.5 mL, were administered IM as premedication (Gp or Sp), or G was administered concurrently (Gc) with romifidine (RO). Treatments were as follows T1, Sp + RO 40 μg kg−1; T2, Gp + RO (40 μg kg−1); T3, Sp + RO 120 μg kg−1; T4, Gp + RO (120 μg kg−1); T5, Sp + Gc + RO (120 μg kg−1). Romifidine or RO + Gc was administered subcutaneously 20 minutes after premedication (time 0), and further measurements were taken 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after RO. The main treatment effect was evaluated using two–way anova for repeated measures, followed by one–way anova and a post–hoc least squares difference test with a modified Bonferroni correction (p < 0.02). A Student's t–test was used to compare the effect of romifidine at 20 and 60 minutes versus baseline values (p < 0.05). ResultsBoth low– and high–dose RO (T1, T3) significantly decreased heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index, and increased arterial blood pressure (SAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP) and central venous pressure. High–dose RO produced greater increases in SVR and SAP measurements. Neither dose of RO produced an alteration in blood gas values or the alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient. Glycopyrrolate significantly increased HR and CI from 10 to 90 minutes between T1/T2 and T3/T4. Increases in SAP were dose related with significant differences between T1/T3 and T2/T4 at 90 and 10 minutes, respectively, and were highest in animals receiving Gp or Gc. High–dose RO groups (T3, T4) had higher values for SVR than low–dose RO groups (T1, T2), unrelated to G administration. There was an increase in PAOP in all treatments. The oxygen extraction ratio was increased with all treatments: larger increases were observed in T1, T3 and T4 compared with only minimal changes in T2. Concurrent G administration was associated with an increased frequency of high–grade second–degree atrioventricular heart block with variable conduction at 10 and 20 minutes. ConclusionsRomifidine produced effects consistent with other selective α2–adrenoreceptor agonists. Glycopyrrolate offset the decrease in HR and partially offset the decrease in CI associated with RO administration. Glycopyrrolate premedication produced an initial tachycardia and added to the increase in SAP associated with RO. Concurrent G administration was associated with a higher frequency of dysrhythmias and is not recommended. Despite the decrease in RR, RO sedation did not alter blood gas values. Clinical relevanceIt appears likely that G administration prior to or concurrent with RO produces an increase in myocardial workload and oxygen demand suggesting that this combination should not be used in dogs with cardiomyopathy or heart failure. The improvement in oxygen extraction ratio with T2 suggests that G may be beneficial with lower doses of RO, nevertheless, the use of G and RO in cardiovascularly compromised patients is not advised.

Echocardiographic evaluation of the cardiac performance in dogs sedated with high and low dose romifidine with and without glycopyrrolate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary response, with quantitative M-mode echocardiography, of glycopyrrolate (G, 10 µg kg−1 IM) as a pretreatment (p) or administered concurrently (c) with romifidine (RO) SQ in dogs. Healthy adult dogs (3M, 3F) 18.5–25 kg (mean ± SD, 23 ± 2.4) were utilized in a randomized cross over design. All dogs were conditioned to lie in lateral recumbency with manual restraint. Doppler measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), with inflatable cuffs 40% of leg circumference, was performed simultaneously with echocardiographic measurements. Baseline measurements were recorded and one of the treatments was administered: T1, 0.5 mL saline (S)(p) + RO (40 µg kg−1); T2, G(p) + RO (40 µg kg−1); T3, S(p) + RO (120 µg kg−1); T4, G(p) + RO (120 µg kg−1); T5, S(p) + G(c) + RO (120 µg kg−1). Measurements were repeated 15 minutes after G(p) or S(p); RO or G(c) were administered 20 minutes after G(p) or S(p), and further measurements were taken at 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after RO. Dimensions of the left ventricle (LVID), interventricular septum (IVS), and left ventricular free wall (LVFW) were obtained in systole (S) and diastole (D). Heart rate (HR) and amplitude of motion (Amp) of the IVS and LVFW were also measured. From these, measures of wall stress (SBPxLVID-S)/([4LVFW-S](1 + [LVFW-S/LVID-S])) and fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle (LVID-D – LVID-S)/(LVID-D) were obtained. Data were analyzed by a two-way anova, with an LSD posthoc test and 95% confidence level. Echocardiographic indices of cardiac performance (LVID-D, LVID-S, FS, AMP-LVFW) and HR were decreased in all RO sedated dogs (p < 0.001). The magnitude of change in cardiac indices was minimal with low dose RO. At most, but not all, times high dose RO produced significantly more alteration in cardiac indices, i.e. T1 versus T3 and T2 versus T4 (p < 0.02). G significantly increased HR (p < 0.0001), but, cardiac indices were not improved. Comparisons between T1 versus T2, and T3 versus T4 demonstrated significant differences in Amp-LVFW (p < 0.007), LVID-D (p < 0.007), LVID-S (p < 0.002) and FS (p < 0.0004) between 10 and 90 minutes. Wall stress (WS) showed a significant treatment effect (p < 0.0001) with a dramatic increase in G(c) or G(p) groups. Comparisons between T1 versus T2 and T3 versus T4 were significant from 10 to 90 minutes (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, RO caused a reduction in cardiac performance, which was most dramatic with high dose RO. G(p) or G(c) did not improve indices of cardiac performance despite an increase in HR. G may actually worsen cardiovascular function with an increase in myocardial oxygen demand as suggested by the increase in WS.

Romifidine, diazepam and ketamin for sedation and anesthesia in colic-horses

Romifidine, diazepam and ketamin for sedation and anesthesia in colic-horses

A comparison of romifidine and xylazine in foals: the effects on sedation and analgesia

A comparison of romifidine and xylazine in foals: the effects on sedation and analgesia