Romanian Emigrants Research Articles

The profile of Romanian emigrants under the supervision of Dolj county probation service

The supervision of probation services includes criminally convicted persons, who for a period between 6 months and 4 years, or even longer (in the case of persons released conditionally from prison), must comply with a series of measures and obligations ordered by the court. However, in Romania, a very large number of people entering the supervision of probation services leave the country, most of them for employment purposes, bringing a series of challenges to probation counselors in the supervision process. Who are these people who leave the country, where do they go, why do they leave, we will answer all these questions in this material, as a result of a research carried out within the Dolj probation service by analyzing a representative number of probation files.

Shifts and Trends of the Romanian Emigration from Oltenia Region

Emigration is, probably, the most defining process of social change that affected Romania during the past decades. Although difficult to estimate, the great number of Romanians who chose to live, work or study in other countries caused significant consequences both in the communities of origin, and in the host-countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate, based on the statistical data issued by the Romanian National Institute of Statistics, the size and demographic characteristics of the migratory flow during the past ten years in the Oltenia Region, as well as to analyse the effects of these population movements based on economic, social, and other criteria, regarding the area of origin. As a secondary objective, there will be scrutinized the effects occurred during the period of time when coronavirus pandemic related restrictions to the freedom of circulation were enforced on the migratory flow.

Romanian emigrants for university studies in the 18th century until the first half of the 19th century

Romanian emigrants for university studies in the 18th century until the first half of the 19th century

Repatrierea forței de muncă în contextul pandemiei COVID-19

This article aims at providing information about Romanian emigrants in terms of destinations and integration on the labour market at the destination and, at the same time, at tackling with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mobility and eventual return of Romanian emigrants. For these explorations, we use quantitative data from various sources. The Repatriation of the Work Force is a research conducted in 2020, in which the local authorities from 3,181 administrative units in Romania were contacted and asked a series of questions regarding, among other topics, migration from and return migration to their locality. 742 answers were obtained, which were complemented with statistical information from Eurostat – Romanian citizens residing abroad, and the Romanian Border Police – traffic in an out Romanian borders since the beginning of the pandemic, compared to similar periods in 2019. The data provides an image of Romanian migrants abroad that is in line with what previous studies show, in terms of favourite destinations (Italy, Spain, Germany, Great Britain) and occupations at the destination (constructions, agriculture, housekeeping). Data from the Romanian Border Police show that return to Romania had some spikes in 2020, and suggests circularity and complex mobility trajectories.

Here or there, who do you trust? Patterns of social trust following the migration experience of Romanians in Spain and France

Abstract This paper links the concept of social trust and that of migration by exploring the interactions and dependencies between Romanian emigrants and returnees and various institutional and social actors. Consequently, the underlying question of the research is: ‘What are the ways in which migration experience is associated with social trust?’. This research discusses how experiences with public agencies in Romania or in the host country determine trust or conversely, induce the feeling of distrust. Common specific elements were taken into account, such as determinants and effects of trust, life experience as immigrants, level of integration, and level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with public entities, which linked empirically the two concepts. Drawing on a set of interviews with Romanian emigrants and Romanian returnees1, this research tackles the peculiarities of emigrants’ and returnees’ experiences as key factors in identifying the levels of social trust.

Does Romanian Emigration Influence Labour Force?

The present paper contributes to the studies on Romanian emigration by assessing the link between emigration and labour force. After the elimination of Schengen visa and adhesion to the European Union, the low incomes and the competition on the European Union market influenced and intensified the Romanian emigration, which reached 3 mil. in 2020. However, the number of available jobs followed a similar trend like emigration, being on an increasing trend starting with 2010. In light of this, the first questions that arises are: There is any connection between migration and labour force? and What is the impact of migration on the labour force? The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of migration on the labour force in Romania using the main four dimensions of migration: emigration, remittances, return migration and immigration.

Does Romanian Emigration Influence Labour Force?

Does Romanian Emigration Influence Labour Force?

The Influence of Remittances at the Macroeconomic Level in Romania

The impact of remittance in local and national economy is not known enough, even though the migration process amplified, due to few studies regarding the patterns and impact of migration, conditions and processes which lead to migration decision, contribution of remittance revenues for sustainable development of local economies and the potential of employment growth lead to a decrease in rural-urban migration and a potential increase in number of emigrants returning to Romania. The present research proposes the analysis of the impact of funds transfers made by Romanian emigrants at macroeconomic level.

Econometric Research Regarding the Expectations of the Romanian Emigrants. Part II

The economic growth from the last period, created multiple opportunities both for the internal workers and for the foreign ones, because the workers from all EU Member States directly contribute to the functioning of the economy on high standards, by eliminating the lack of competence and the blockages specific for the workforce market from certain regions or European states. On the other hand, it is well known the fact that, the evolution of the economy and the economic crisis affected the employment by reducing the aggregate demand, and in this context, the economic policies both on a micro and on a macroeconomic level, the employment policies and the educational policies became especially important for all the directly and indirectly involved actors. Therefore, we built several models starting from the five dependent variables and the five explanatory variables, that are: the estimate income growth after transfer, changing the qualification level after transfer, changing the labor conditions after transfer, the duration of the transfer abroad, the degree of satisfaction after the transfer abroad, the age, the gender, the level of the studies, the level of the incomes before transfer, the seniority in labor. This research is structured and published in two parts, the first part including an introduction, presenting the research methodology, results and discussions concerning the analysis of the variable change_income and the analysis of the variable qualification (Cojocaru T.M. et al. 2021); the second part results and discussions are related to the analysis of the variable labour_conditions, the analysis of the variable duration and the analysis of the variable satisfaction) and also relevant conclusions.

Econometric Research Regarding the Expectations of the Romanian Emigrants. Part I

Starting from the statistics and the realities of the labor market in Romania and to obtain a wider perspective regarding the social, economic, and demographic implications of the work force mobility we used the results from a previous research, carried out through a questionnaire which was distributed online. The previous research (Cojocaru 2020) underlying this article, was performed on a sample of 157 persons giving valid answers, from a total of 183 filled questionnaires, representing 85,8% compliance degree. The subjects are aged between 18 and 60 years and belong to the various socio-professional categories. Therefore, starting from the answers of the interviewed people from this investigation carried out with the help of the online questionnaire, for a more detailed analysis of the expectations of the Romanian emigrant, we decided to use the binomial ordinal logistic regression model, with cumulated probabilities, based on the proportionality of chances (cumulated logit model). This research is structured and published in two parts, the first part including the introduction, the presentation of the research methodology. Results and discussions (the analysis of the variable change income and the analysis of the variable qualification), and the second part results and discussions (the analysis of the variable labor conditions, the analysis of the variable duration and the analysis of the variable satisfaction) and conclusions.

Explaining Recent Romanian Migration: A Modified Gravity Model with Panel Data

Abstract The present paper contributes to studies on Romanian emigration from a demographic, spatial, and temporal perspective. The purpose of this paper is to assess the selected economic and demographic variables’ impact on the volume of Romanian emigration to the European Union (EU) during 2010-2017. The analysis was done using a gravity model. The models used in this study are the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM), both applied to panel data. The results show that the economic and demographic factors have a significant influence on the emigration’s destination, and the socio-economic and demographic situation in the host country determines the flow migration from Romania. The paper strengthens the literature through an empirical analysis of the economic and demographic determinants of Romanian emigration to the EU from the perspective of the country of origin.

Bandit: Here to Haunt You! On Why I Became an Émigré Theatre Maker

Summary The article employs concepts of time lag, inspired by Ernst Bloch, and ghost and haunting, borrowed from Jacques Derrida. It also draws on Svetlana Boym’s and Vilém Flusser’s vision of the émigré and on Dominick LaCapra’s and Slavoj Žižek’s interpretations of trauma. The analysis is also informed by Karen Jürs-Munby’s and Cathy Caruth’s views on trauma and its representation in theatre. This critical apparatus is put into motion in the particular context of BANDIT: a theatre project developed in the UK by two Romanian émigré theatre-makers. The main focus is on exposing links between the references to trauma contained in the theatre piece BANDIT and the makers’ self-imposed artistic exile in the UK. The article seeks to answer the following question: what has pushed us, the makers of BANDIT, to leave our native country and what is our (new) role (as artists) in the country of emigration? The discussion is carried out within the wider context of the vast waves of Romanian emigration to Western Europe (after the fall of the Iron Curtain). The article critiques the troublesome relation of the contemporary Romanian society to its Communist past and the apparent inability and/or unwillingness to deal with the repressed/traumatic memories of that past. Analysis of BANDIT as performance of lingering trauma also references the historical Percentages agreement between Stalin and Churchill—the informal agreement that established spheres of influence in Europe at the end of the Second World War. Identifying the Iron Curtain as the epicentre of traumatic memory for Eastern Europeans, the discussion about BANDIT also makes a reference to Communist crimes against political prisoners committed in Romanian prisons in 1951–1952, put in parallel with the toxic EU referendum campaign in the UK in 2016. Underpinned by Derrida’s thinking, the article explains how the Romanian émigré-artist (as a paragon of the Romanian / Eastern European émigré in general) has to fashion herself into a ghost that haunts the adoptive culture, using artistic exile as a platform for processing the traumatic memories of an unresolved past.

Contemporary Romanian Migrations to Serbia: Stages, Actors, Reasons

This paper aims at offering insight into the contemporary migration of Romanians towards Serbia, starting with the interwar period, continuing with the communist rule and focusing on the period after the fall of the Romanian communist regime, in 1989. What this study does is delimit the stages of the Romanian migration to Serbia, identify the social categories taking part in these migratory processes, the preferred regions for settling in Serbia, as well as the reasons behind people’s decision to leave the country. I also show how the Romanian emigrants relate to the Romanian autochthonous communities in Serbia (the Vlachs of Eastern Serbia and the Romanians of Vojvodina), in which they usually settle. After presenting the theoretical background relating to ethnic migrations, I introduce a new theoretical concept, reverse ethnic migration , which best fits the situation of contemporary Romanian migrants to Serbia. These migrations take place from a majority (Romanians in Romania) towards a national minority (Romanians or Vlachs in Serbia), thus in an „opposite” direction. The migrations are not state supported and they are individual in most of the cases. I argue that the interwar migrations were state planned, being the result of the Yugoslav-Romanian School Convention from 1933; those taking place during communism were triggered, in many instances, by political reasons; while the post-communist migration was labour oriented.

Homicide–suicides in Romania and the role of migration

Homicide–suicides are the term for homicides followed by the suicide of the offender. This study utilized police statistics, information from the penal files and an online search of news reports to establish the prevalence of homicide–suicides in Romania. We compare characteristics of homicide–suicides among current or former Romanian emigrants and Romanians who never emigrated. The estimated homicide–suicide rate was 0.005–0.146 per 100,000 inhabitants in Romania between 2002 and 2013. Intimate partners committed significantly more homicide–suicides among emigrants than non-emigrants. Emigrant homicide–suicides also had significantly more reports of prior abuse than non-emigrant homicide–suicides. The findings of this study call for improvements in intimate partner violence prevention in Romania and among Romanian migrant communities abroad.

Criminality among Romanian Emigrants in Spain

The current community of Romanians in Spain is a very active and integrated one at all levels in the host society. There is a mass media developed by Romanians, a large number of churches and associations of our countrymen and, also, there are a high number of cultural and artistic events in the community. Unfortunately, the Spanish public perception on Romanian immigrants is not very good one, as they are seen as the most disagreeable group of emigrants. This is due to the high degree of antisocial and criminal activities with a strong social impact that Romanians commit in the host country as well as the intense media coverage of these events via all Spanish mass media channels.

Migration and its Effects on Economic and Demographic Development in Romania

The aim of the paper is to bring into attention migration theme, which although has echoes in the economic, demographic and social environments, it still needs effective policies. While official data are missing, providing research data about intentions and determinants of potential Romanian emigrants may lead to anticipated policies reactions and better oriented ones. The body of the paper particularizes the findings of an exploratory research on intention to emigrate from Romania of highly educated people, and analyzes some of the significant association relations between intention of emigration and its determinants. Methodological speaking, the research was organized as a survey based on a questionnaire, with respondents aged 20-40. The objective was to explore migration in order to find out more about the realities of migration phenomenon, about its causes and implications, and to detect significant association relations between intention of emigration and other variables. As results, five association relations were identified as being significant using nonparametric chi-tests. As conclusions, the duality of past and future economic and sociodemographic effects of migration for Romania but also for receiving countries is discussed while connecting to the fact that people perceptions and criticism regarding labor market might shape their future attitude regarding the decision of emigration. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p35

From the 'Strawberry Jam' to the 'Sushi-Bar': Romanian Migration in the Context of Asia's Increasing Economic Role

The paper analyzes the following points: 1) The increase of Asia’s economical role (consequences of moving the world economic centre from the Atlantic to Pacific; the new centres of power: China and Japan; Asia’s attraction; the new economical configuration, an important migration vector) 2) Romania and the Strawberry Jam. Comparative analysis between countries of destination for Romanian emigration; remittances versus FDI; the influence of the economic crisis on development. 3) Chinese Diaspora in Romania. Romanian migration to Japan. Specificities, trends, development of phenomena. How to create a Romanian Diaspora?

The psychological portet of the Romanian emigrant possible investor.

This is a questionnaires reserch destinated to assess the intentions to start a business for the Romanian emigrants in European Union. The evaluated topics of interest were about the percentage of the posible investors among the total emigrants, the annual savings, the total personal savings, the intention to take bank loans, other possible investments.

La France et les Principautés Roumaines pendant la guerre de Crimée (1853-1856)

Few 19 th century phenomena aroused so much interest as the Crimean War, this important episode of the Oriental problem. With its reopening, the problem of the Romanians’ union came at the front of the general preoccupations. Consequently, the Crimean War turned the Romanian cause into a European problem. More important than the military operations of the conflict were the diplomatic negotiations. The conflagration gave these negotiations a particular character, and the Romanian problem played a more important role than it was attributed in the general context of its epoch. The European powers that supported the Principalities’ Union did it, naturally, following their own economic, political and strategic interests as well as their diplomatic advantages. While the official France intervened in the negotiations that took place during the Crimean War, Napoleon III carried out a personal and secret diplomacy. In this context, the official French diplomacy, and also the secret policy of the emperor supported the idea of the Principalities’ Union, which became one of the European problems of those times. We could say that, if the Romanians’ expectations from France became, after 1853, maximal, France itself found in the Romanian emigration the most convinced supporters of an open and extended French politics in Eastern Europe. How determined Napoleon III was to follow such a strategy in the long run was still unclear in 1855, yet from the French politics one could already see that such an intention was present and that the Principalities, their new status and their Union as a European solution of stability in the South-East of Europe formed the central element of the French diplomats’ actions at the end of the Crimean War.

Romanian emigrants: Ceaucescu's claw-back

Romanian emigrants: Ceaucescu's claw-back