Roller Mechanism Research Articles

Thermal infrared imaging for conveyor roller fault detection in coal mines.

As a key mechanism of belt conveyor, the health status and working state of its parts have a profound impact on whether the belt conveyor can run normally and safely. In the composition of the standard belt conveyor, the number of rollers is numerous and scattered. At the same time, under the complex environment of the work site, the fault detection of each roller is particularly difficult. In order to solve the above problems, a diagnosis method based on thermal infrared image features is proposed to detect the faults of each roller mechanism in the belt conveyor. Firstly, the position of the idler is identified based on the YOLOv4 identification method, and then the sticking resistance and bearing damage of the idler are detected based on the temperature difference discrimination method. In this paper, the target recognition method based on YOLOv4 is used to identify the position of the roller, and the recognition accuracy is 93.8%, which meets the requirements of the project. The infrared image obtained by the dual-spectrum camera is used to distinguish the fault of the idler in the coal mine. The temperature of the bearing and surface of the normal roller increases rapidly within 10 minutes of operation, and the temperature changes slightly after 10 minutes of operation. The bearing damaged idler has a greater friction effect at the bearing, so the temperature at the bearing rises faster, and there is a temperature difference of about 7°C between the bearing and the normal roller. The surface temperature of the idler in the blocking state is also fast for about 20 minutes, and there will be a temperature difference of about 8°between the surface of the idler and the normal roller. In this paper, it is determined that the temperature rise coefficients of the roller surface and bearing under normal conditions are 24% 28% and 18% 22% respectively. It is determined that the threshold value of the temperature rise coefficient in the blocking state and the damaged state is 30% and 25% respectively, that is, when the surface temperature rise coefficient of the roller is detected to be more than 30%, it is determined that the card resistance fault occurs, when the temperature rise coefficient at the roller bearing is detected > 25%, the bearing damage fault is judged.

Power Generation using Speed Breakers and Potholes Detection

Abstract: A large amount of energy is wasted by the vehicles on roads when they apply heavy breaks on speed breakers. This happens due to friction and a high level of energy is produced. Energy can be extracted from the vehicles speed and weight. Another major issue is of major accidents caused by potholes on Indian roads. It is really important to identify these potholes and notify the driver about them to avoid these fatal accidents. Our project is an attempt to solve both these issues an effective, innovative and feasible manner. The domains in our project are energy generation/conservation and image processing. To generate electricity, we want a fast-moving face that can generate electricity. The reciprocating motion of the reducer is converted into rotational motion thanks to the rack and pinion device and a special system called the cylinder. We have developed a smart speed reducer that passes from both sides of the car and generates electricity from there. This system is assembled using all particle board and connecting rods. The system uses a high-speed machine that uses shafts, rollers and electric motors to generate electricity. The roller mechanism is used to return the reducer to its original position. It converts rotational motion into linear motion, but in some cases we use it to convert linear motion into rotational motion. The mechanism is economical and easy to install. With proper planning, we can generate a lot of electricity from traffic. Now let's briefly look at the meaning of the hole. Ultrasonic sensors are used to identify holes and bumps and measure their depth and height respectively. This helps people avoid fatal accidents. These two ideas together we solve two problems that people face. Therefore, this project preserves the essence of design thinking

Relation of the stress state in the contact zone and the forces acting in the roller mechanisms

Mathematical models were developed to study the distribution pattern of shear and friction stresses in the roll contact zone. These models establish a relationship between the stress state in the contact zone, the forces acting on the roller mechanisms, and the shape of the roll contact curve in driven and free rollers. The distribution of normal stresses determines the distribution of shear stresses along the contact curve, the compliance of the material strip and the roller coating, and the forces acting on the roller mechanism.

Design of Power Generation Machine by Using Roller Mechanism

In the present situation power becomes basic need for human life. Energy is responsible for major developments of any country's economy. Conventional energy sources generate most of the energy of today's world. But the population is increasing day by day and the conventional energy sources are diminishing. Moreover, these conventional energy sources are polluting and responsible for global warming. So, non-conventional sources are needed to be developed for power generation which are clean, environment friendly and sustainable. In this research we propose a renewable non-conventional energy source based on rolling mechanism. Our project is to enlighten the rolling gate utilizing the jerking pressure which is wasted during the rotate rolling gate. Power generation through a rolling mechanism harnesses kinetic energy derived from the rolling motion of objects or systems. This concept has diverse applications, Each of these systems converts the kinetic energy generated during rolling into usable electrical or mechanical power, demonstrating its versatility and sustainability. This abstract explores the various implementations of power generation using rolling mechanisms, highlighting their potential contributions to renewable energy and efficient energy utilization in different sectors. Therefore, by using this mechanism we can save lot of energy which can fulfill our future demands. Index Terms— Kinetic energy, Rolling gate, non-conventional energy.

Development of Automated Tool for Electrode Array Insertion and its Study on Intracochlear Pressure.

The present work develops a simple, reliable, and compact device for automatically inserting the electrode array during cochlear implantation and test the device to observe intracochlear pressure during simulated electrode insertion. The device actuates the electrode array by a roller mechanism. For testing the automated device, a straight cochlea having the dimension of the scala tympani and a model electrode is developed using a 3D printer. A pressure sensor is utilized to observe the pressure change at different insertional conditions. The electrode is inserted into a prototype cochlea at different speeds without any pause, and it is noticed that the pressure is increased with the depth of insertion of the electrode irrespective of the speed of electrode insertion. The rate of pressure change is observed to be increased exponentially with the speed of insertion. At an insertion speed of 0.15 mm/s, the peak pressure is observed to be 133 Pa, which can be further evaluated in anatomical models for clinical scenarios. N/A Laryngoscope, 134:1388-1395, 2024.

Compressing High Energy Lasers through Optical Polymer Films

The thin-film post-compression technique has the ability to reduce the pulse duration in PW-class lasers, increasing the peak power. Here, the nonlinear response of an increasingly available optical thermoplastic demonstrates enhanced spectral broadening, with corresponding shorter pulse duration compared to fused silica glass. The thermoplastic can be used close to its damage threshold when refreshed using a roller mechanism, and the total amount of material can be varied by folding the film. As a proof-of-principle demonstration scalable to 10-PW, a roller mechanism capable of up to 6 passes through a sub-millimeter thermoplastic film is used in vacuum to produce two-fold post-compression of the pulse. The compact design makes it an ideal method to further boost ultrahigh laser pulse intensities with benefits to many areas, including driving high energy acceleration.

Controllability and stability capacity of a roll pair motion research

The process of deriving the equation of the perturbed motion of a roll pair during the processing of leather material is discussed in the article, taking into account the influence of dynamic factors. It is shown that one of the reasons for the unstable stress state on the contact surfaces in the roller mechanism are dynamic factors arising from inaccuracies in the manufacture of its individual parts, assembly defects, and the occurrence of an oscillatory process in the roller mechanism, as well as due to the non-uniform thickness of the processed material at its gripping during starting and stopping the machine. Methods for determining optimal controls are shown; they provide asymptotic stability of the unperturbed motion of a roll pair and the torque applied to the upper roll as a function of generalized coordinates.It is shown that the width of the contact strip of the clamp, which depends on the radii of the rolls and the hardness of the coatings, has a significant effect on the efficiency of the rolls. The larger the shaft radius, the lower the actual pressure per unit contact area.
 It is shown that the squeezing efficiency increases with the improvement of the conditions for the removal of the squeezable liquid from the rolls (with their horizontal arrangement), with an increase in its temperature and a decrease in viscosity. Efficiency decreases with increasing material speed and thickness.
 It is shown that the width of the contact strip of the clamp, which depends on the radii of the shafts and the stiffness of the coatings, has a significant impact on the efficiency of the shafts. The larger the shaft radius, the lower the actual pressure per unit contact area

A laboratory-scale binder jet additive manufacturing testbed for process exploration and material development.

Binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) is capable of fabricating complex three-dimensional components from a variety of material classes. Understanding the fundamentals of BJAM, including spreading of thin layers of powder, powder-binder interactions, and post-processing is critical to develop robust process parameters for BJAM. Toward meeting these needs, this work presents the design, fabrication, and qualification of a testbed for modular, mechanized, BJAM. The testbed seeks to replicate the operating conditions of commercial AM equipment and features fully programmable motion control including powder spreading using a precision roller mechanism, powder supply via a vibrating hopper, and gantry positioning of an inkjet printhead. The inkjet deposition system allows for the use of variable nozzle diameters, the exploration of novel binder compositions, and full control of jetting parameters. Validation of the accuracy and repeatability of the machine and its subsystems, as well as the fabrication of exemplary stainless steel components, are described. The precision engineered testbed can therefore enable the study of the BJAM process, exploration of novel binder compositions, and processing of custom powders to further scientific research and industrial applicability of BJAM.

Development of a restroom floor cleaning robot equipped with a deformable roller mechanism

Development of a restroom floor cleaning robot equipped with a deformable roller mechanism

Providing the Development of New Designs for the Design of the Roller Mechanism Transmitting Rotational Motion in Belt Conveyors

Providing the Development of New Designs for the Design of the Roller Mechanism Transmitting Rotational Motion in Belt Conveyors

Properties of PVDF films stretched in machine direction

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films possess superior piezoelectric properties due to the β-phase obtained by methods, such as addition of nanofillers, application of high electric field, use of polar solvents and mechanical stretching. Simultaneous stretching and heating of the films can reduce porosity, increase transformation from α-phase to β-phase, and hence, improve their piezoelectric properties. This article presents the effects of stretching PVDF films on the β-phase formation and the resulting mechanical properties. A custom-designed stretching unit with roller mechanism and heating provision was employed for the purpose. The 200% stretched films at 100°C showed 86.79% β-phase, which is in correlation with X-ray diffraction peaks at 2 θ = 20.3–20.6°. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the stretched films revealed spherulitic to lamellar transformation and decrease in porosity. Stretching increased crystallinity from 32.99% to 44.84%. Nanoindentation results showed increase in hardness and Young’s modulus from 23.33 MPa to 93.3 MPa and 0.483 GPa to 1.816 GPa, respectively. Tensile strength increased from 4.72 MPa to 21.02 MPa. The experiments were conducted using L9orthogonal array and the results were analyzed using analysis of variance and gray relational analysis.

Experimental Research of Dynamic Reactions in Planetary Gears with the Roller Mechanism for Torque Absorption

Приведены результаты экспериментального исследования планетарных передач типа k-h-v с цилиндриче­скими роликами механизма передачи момента с сателлита.Динамические реакции в данной передаче определяются тремя факторами: наличием эксцентриситета водила, движением роликов в передаче и колебательными процессами. Эксцентриситет вызывает появление центробежного момента инерции относительно оси вращения водила. Нахождение центробежных моментов инерции в связи с постоянным движением роликов затруднено. Движение роликов должно проявиться в возрастании динамических реакций через определенный период, связанный с передаточным отношением от водила к сателлитам, что требуется подтвердить экспериментально.Описан экспериментальный комплекс, связанный с персональным компьютером. Экспериментальный стенд предоставляет возможность варьировать угловой скоростью вала электродвигателя, фиксировать и обрабатывать показания тензодатчиков, используя соответствующее программное обеспечение.Исследовано влияние роликов планетарной передачи на изменение динамических реакций при разных частотах двигателя. Сделаны выводы о рациональном изменении конструкции роликозубчатой передачи с целью снижения динамических реакций в планетарном механизме с роликовым механизмом передачи момента.Выполнение рекомендаций дает возможность использовать планетарную роликозубчатую передачу также и на высоких скоростях вращения.

Geometry and Strength Index of Internal Gearing of Planetary Transmission Wheels Cut with a Nonstandard Tool

Planetary transmissions have increasingly found practical application. Their rational designs containing a roller mechanism of removal of motion from planet pinions have a relatively high efficiency. The load capacity and lifetime of these transmissions are limited by the bending resistance of the involute teeth of wheels, which is in close dependence on the gear geometry, in connection with which there is the necessity to select a rational shape of teeth to reduce the stresses at their bases. It is proposed to use a modified cutting contour of wheels, which makes it possible to increase the radius of curvature of the transition curve of the tooth profile and reduce the concentration of stresses in the place of its embedding in the rim.

Pic Microcontroller Based Automatic Stamping Machine

This paper proposes the design of PIC Microcontroller based Automatic Stamping machine. In stamping industry & printing industry stamping machine is one of the standard machines. It is mainly used to trample the emblem or any other secret code. This automatic Stamping machine is useful in academic institutions, administration offices, Post offices, finance department etc. A roller mechanism is used for the feed of the paper and the stamping will be done by including a simple link mechanism. The structure can easily be simplified by using crank shaft and screw rod mechanism.

A Model for Determining Appropriate Speed Breaker Mechanism for Power Generation

The key to sustainable economic development is having adequate electricity to power homes and industrial machines. However, electric power supply in majority of developing countries is grossly inadequate. To improve on the power generation different renewable energy sources have been explored. One of the sources of renewable energy is the application of speed breaker system to convert kinetic energy of moving vehicles into electricity using various mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology for determining the most appropriate mechanism of speed breaker system for effective power generation. The proposed approach aggregated the AHP and the WASPAS methods. The efficacy of the methodology is illustrated with a numerical example. From the analysis, the optimum speed breaker mechanism for power generation is the roller mechanism. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to determine the effect of one of the parameters of the proposed method on the performance of the different mechanisms. The result of the sensitivity analysis showed that the optimum solution remained unchanged.

Electrical Power Generation by Roller Mechanism

Electrical Power Generation by Roller Mechanism

Cubature Particle Filter with MCMC and Applications to Re-entry Ballistic Target Tracking

In this study an attempt is made to generate electricity using speed breaker. Electricity is generated by replacing the traditional speed breakers with a conveyor roller mechanism. As vehicles pass over the speed breaker, they spin the rollers which are connected to a DC generator which in turn generate electricity. This method is an effective way to produce electricity as the numbers of vehicles on the road are ever increasing. Also, the cost of fabrication of the model is low. It can be effectively placed near traffic lights, at the entrance of parking lots and any other place where the traffic density is high. Rollers are fixed on a mild steel ramp on which vehicle passes. As the vehicle passes over the breaker, rollers start rotating. A chain drive mechanism is provided which transfer the motion from the rollers to a DC generator for generation of electricity. This method provides an efficient way to generate electricity from the kinetic energy of moving vehicles on roads, highways, parking lots etc..

Design of Rotoformer Mechanism and Cooling Steel - Conveyor in Sulfur Granulation Systems

The sulfur granulation roller (rotoformer) mechanism and cooling steel conveyor is important clusters in sulfur granulation system. This paper presents method to design rotoformer, apply goal: create a continuous pressure for a regular granulation on steel conveyor. There are also mechanism that granulates and maintains temperature so that sulfur is not stuck and not solidify in the supplying pipes. Moreover, this paper shows the solution to cool the steel conveyor, filter system has temperature sensors which ensure the decreasing of temperature over the length of steel conveyor. This will help the granulation of sulfur, formed sulfur will has right size and shape.

Electricity from Wasted Energy of the Moving Vehicle Using Speed Breaker

Industrialized modern world consumes vast amount of energy mostly in the form of electrical energy. From recent statistics on global warming, fuel shortage, pollution, problems with nuclear power and deregulation of electrical energy indicates that failure of investigating new energy sources to generate electricity can cause a huge power crisis in the near future, especially for people of developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, to meet future energy demand, it is must to implement some new ideas for optimal utilization of conventional sources through conservation of energy. This research shows a way to utilize the energy in the form of jerking pressure which is wasted during the vehicles passes over a speed breaker. Normally, a lot of energy is produced due to jerking which can be tapped and converted to electricity by using a simple mechanism called roller mechanism very easily and efficiently. The amount of generated electricity depends on the number of vehicle and weight of the vehicle passing over the speed breaker. Due to the high increasing rate of vehicle number day by day, this system can fulfill the demand of electricity of a small area, very effectively and can be treated as a mini power plant for an individual area.

A torsion quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator

A torsion vibration isolator with quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) is proposed to attenuate the transmission of torsional vibration along a shaft system, which also plays a role of coupling between shafts. A pre-compressed cam–roller mechanism is designed to provide torsional negative stiffness that counteracts with the positive torsion stiffness of the vulcanized rubber between shafts. With the design parameters are set to satisfy a unique condition, the stiffness of the isolator delivers a QZS property about the equilibrium position. A nonlinear mathematical model is developed and its dynamic characteristics are further analyzed by using the Harmonic Balance method. A typical folded resonance curve occurs when the vibration amplitude is plotted as the excitation frequency is varied, illustrating a jump phenomenon in the response. The efficiency of vibration attenuation is estimated under a designed torque load, showing that the torsion QZS vibration isolator outperforms the corresponding linear counterpart, especial in low frequency ranges. Furthermore, the torque transmissibility of the QZS isolator is also studied to demonstrate the performance of the QZS isolator when the actual torque deviates from the design load.