Roles Of Various Stakeholders Research Articles

Esports between the Sports and Entertainment Industry: In Search of Division Lines

Abstract The growing popularity and expansion of esports have prompted an academic and legal debate, where its classification as either a sport or a form of entertainment remains unclear. This article explores the dual nature of esports, providing an overview of the legal and regulatory challenges it presents. It opens the discussion by addressing the space occupied by esports, distinguishing it from the traditional understanding of analogue sports while introducing the role of various stakeholders. The article then delves into the legal discussion taking place at the EU level, exploring also how the national legal reality of some Member States approach esports. The study highlights the urgency of finding a balanced approach that recognises esports as a hybrid entity, necessitating a regulatory model that draws from both sports law and entertainment law. Furthermore, the article complements the analysis by addressing emerging normative systems within esports, including autonomous governance structures and the potential need for state intervention to address issues such as doping, match-fixing, and the protection of minors. By analysing the existing legal frameworks in non-EU countries, particularly in Asia and North America, the authors suggest that esports needs to be approached as a new type of sport—a perspective that should be reflected in future EU regulations.

A literature review on the effects of failure in the English subject in national grade 12 examinations on Cambodian students

English plays a pivotal role in high-stakes examinations at both national and international contexts. This review article aims to discuss the effects of failure in the English subject in the national grade 12 examinations on Cambodian students. Drawing on secondary sources such as journal articles, conference papers, theses and dissertations, official documents or research reports, books, book chapters, and newspaper articles, the article highlights a number of effects of students’ failure in national high school exams in general contexts, such as (a) increased school dropouts, (b) limited higher education enrolment, (c) limited job opportunities, and (d) compromised psychological well-being. The article also identifies several effects of failure in the English subject in national grade 12 examinations on Cambodian students. These include effects on (a) educational opportunities, (b) job opportunities, (c) communication ability, and (d) psychological well-being. The article provides some recommendations to help students who fail the English subject in the national exam deal with the consequences after exam failure. The recommendations focus on the roles of various stakeholders in general education in Cambodia, such as the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport (MoEYS), teachers, parents, students, and other relevant stakeholders. The article concludes with some suggestions for future research.

Analysis of factors of students' psychological readiness for social entrepreneurship

Introduction. Student's psychological readiness for social entrepreneurship takes place mainly at the university. This process is influenced by factors of different levels and types. Aim. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, to determine the levels and characteristics of the factors in students' psychological readiness for social entrepreneurship. Methods. Theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem. Results. Students' psychological readiness for social entrepreneurship is influenced by macro-, meso- and micro-level factors. The macro-level factors include non-psychological factors (legal support for social entrepreneurship; social activities of non-governmental organizations; tax policy and economic freedom; state regulation of social entrepreneurship development) and psychological factors (students' knowledge of the role of social entrepreneurship and attitudes towards it; Ukrainians' war-related values and the need for work for victory). The meso-level factors include non-psychological factors (support of international programs; digital transformation of education and social entrepreneurship; close cooperation with university stakeholders and promotion of social entrepreneurship) and psychological factors (organizational development and organizational culture of the university). The micro-level factors include non-psychological factors (students' social and demographic characteristics; students' organizational and professional characteristics) and psychological factors (students' economic and psychological characteristics). Conclusions. Students' psychological readiness for social entrepreneurship is influenced by three-level factors, which can be both psychological and non-psychological. The knowledge of the macro-level factors can be helpful in understanding the general trends and the role of various stakeholders in the development of social entrepreneurship, as well as in developing social awareness and values of social entrepreneurship and spreading its positive experience. The meso-level factors are related to the work and atmosphere of the university as an educational organization. The meso-level factors are related to the work and organizational culture of the university, while the micro-level factors are about students' personal characteristics and experience.

Urban Entomology: Navigating the Intersection of Pests and Human Environments

Urban entomology, a distinct discipline within entomology, focuses on pests in human environments, addressing a wide range of species from insects to vertebrates. First coined by A.H. Waters in 1884 and popularized by W. Ebeling's 1975 book, urban entomology gives an idea about arthropods' interactions with humans, pets and structures. As urbanization accelerates, with a projected 68% of the global population living in cities by 2050, understanding pest dynamics becomes increasingly critical. Factors like invasive species, pesticide resistance and public health concerns underscore the need for effective pest management strategies, emphasizing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches. This review explores urban entomology's history, key pest groups and modern management challenges, while highlighting the industry's evolution in response to urbanization. It also discusses the roles of various stakeholders, including researchers, pest management professionals and regulatory bodies, in addressing urban pest issues. Ultimately, the review calls for collaborative efforts to enhance pest control practices, leveraging biological control methods and sustainable strategies to mitigate the impacts of urban pests on public health and infrastructure.

Social Forestry in West Sumatra: A Review on Regulation and Its Implementation in Hutan Nagari Salibutan

Social forestry is a program designed to address tenure conflicts, improve community welfare, and enhance environmental quality. Achieving the objectives of social forestry is not only limited to obtaining permits but needs more advanced, concrete, innovative business development that anticipates future challenges and prospects. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze West Sumatra Governor Regulation No. 52/2018 on the Implementation of Social Forestry Facilitation and its practical application in Hutan Nagari Salibutan. Data collection in this research included in-depth interviews and a literature review, while data analysis used descriptive qualitative methods, content analysis, and policy implementation. The results showed that Governor Regulation of West Sumatra No. 52/2018 supported national policy by accelerating social forestry, resolving tenure conflicts, and synchronizing the roles of various stakeholders. This Governor Regulation served as the technical reference in the field, and it comprised facilitation, institutionalization, monitoring and evaluation, and financing. Additionally, the implementation of regulations in Salibutan Nagari Forest correlated with these provisions, as evidenced by the activities carried out by the Forestry Service and the social forestry acceleration working group in collaboration with the Nagari Salibutan forest management institution. The consistency between the regulation's content and field implementation reflected this correlation.

Development Strategy for the Climate Village Program in Palopo City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background: The Climate Village Program (CVP) is a national program managed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in order to involve the community and other stakeholders in strengthening adaptation and mitigation capacity for climate change and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, studies on CVP development strategies are still lacking in South Sulawesi. For this reason, this research aims to identify the programs of the climate village and formulate climate village development strategies in the Latuppa sub-district, Palopo City. Methods: Data analysis will be performed utilizing SWOT analysis and Process Hierarchy Analysis to define strategic initiatives for developing the Latuppa climate village program. Result: The results of this research show that the people of Latuppa subdistrict, Palopo City support the CVP through adaptation activities such as controlling drought, floods and landslides and increasing food security, controlling climate disease. Meanwhile, mitigation activities carried out by the Latuppa sub-district community, Palopo City include waste and solid waste management, use of new, renewable energy and energy conservation, agricultural cultivation, increasing vegetation cover and preventing forest and land fires. The role of various stakeholders, such as the community, traditional leaders, academics and government, is critical in the process of developing the CVP particularly in adaptation and mitigation efforts, to ensure the success of the program.

Harnessing stakeholder engagement for sustainable agricultural intensification: contemporary evidence from northern Ghana

This article analyses the indispensable role of sustainable agricultural intensification practices (SAIP) in meeting the needs of a burgeoning human population with limited planetary resources and examines the role of various stakeholders in the adoption of these practices by local farmers. The study setting is the Upper West, a semi-arid region of Ghana. The study employs a stakeholder salience theory and a mixed-method design. Firstly, qualitative data were collected and analysed as a basis for formulating a structured questionnaire administered to beneficiary farmers, which were then analysed using marginal effects from logistic regression. Notably, the study found four sustainable crop cultivation practices and three eco-friendly crop storage methods promoted in the area. Furthermore, the engagement of stakeholders like selected farmers, Traditional authorities, and implementing NGOs had statistically significant effects on the adoption of SAIP. However, these effects were smaller when compared to the direct involvement of all beneficiary farmers in the planning and implementation of the intervention. This suggests that while technocrats and authorities are important, they alone cannot achieve the desired impact of development interventions. Beneficiary farmers are the most critical stakeholders in adopting and promoting SAIP. The article further proposes a conceptual framework for implementing SAIP in agro-based rural communities. This research therefore underscores the importance of sustainable agricultural intensification practices in a resource-constrained world and emphasizes the central role of beneficiary farmers in driving the success of such initiatives.

The Urgency of Stakeholder Roles and Environmental Politics in Achieving SDGs through Environmental Management in Malaumkarta Village, Sorong

This study examines the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the traditional egek/sasi practices in Malaumkarta Village, Sorong Regency, Indonesia. It explores the roles of various stakeholders in integrating indigenous ecological knowledge with modern conservation efforts to achieve sustainable development. Using a qualitative case study approach, it highlights the role of a multi-stakeholder collaboration, including local youth, NGOs, religious institutions, local government, and the customary council. The study reveals that the successful localization of SDGs in Malaumkarta is attributed to a robust multi-stakeholder collaborative framework, encompassing local youth, NGOs, religious institutions, local government, and the customary council. The inaugural Egek Festival in 2023 exemplifies this collaboration, symbolizing the Moi tribe's commitment to sustainable resource management and cultural preservation. The research highlights the potential of integrating traditional ecological knowledge into modern conservation efforts and the importance of adapting global sustainability goals to local contexts. While the study's geographical scope and timeframe present limitations, its findings have significant implications for policy, practice, and future research in sustainable development, particularly in indigenous contexts. The Malaumkarta case offers valuable insights for achieving SDGs while preserving cultural heritage and ecological integrity, potentially informing similar initiatives worldwide

The Management of Government Grant-Aided Primary Schools in Goma Sub-County, Mukono District, Uganda: Implications on School Performance and Stability

The study explored the management of the government grant-aided primary schools in Goma sub-county, Mukono District. It specifically focused on the administration of schools, management of voluntary contributions, and the relationship between the school administration and the stakeholders. The exploratory research design was adopted to select ten headteachers, ten members of the foundation bodies, ten School Management Committee (SMC) members, and two officials from the District Education office. Data was collected through face to face interviews, document review and observations. The findings reveal that: (i) the SMCs lack the necessary competences and commitment to play effectively their administrative roles; (ii) the teacher support supervision by both the district education inspectors and headteachers is insufficient; (iii) the voluntary contributions towards midday meals and other administrative costs are inadequate; (iv) parents in rural schools are not as supportive as expected; and (v) there is evidence of interference by foundation bodies in the administration of schools. Therefore, the study recommends that: (i) government should revise the Education Act of 2008 to include the minimum qualification of an Advance Level certificate for SMC members to ensure competence to perform effectively their administrative and supervisory roles; (ii) government should increase the capitation grant to cater for the mid-day meals and other administrative costs; (iii) the SMCs, the Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and the church should sensitize the communities on the importance of voluntary contributions; and (iv) the District Education authorities should organize training workshops for the headteachers and the members of the SMC on the roles of various stakeholders as stipulated in the Education Act of 2008 to minimize conflict.

Inclusive Education in Mauritius and Ontario, Canada: An Exploration of Policies and Practices

In this study, we examine inclusive education policies and practices in Mauritius and Ontario, Canada, through a comparative-case-study framework. We assess how policies are experienced by students with disabilities and consider the roles of various stakeholders in implementing these policies. Our research adopts a phenomenological case-study approach, focusing on the personal experiences of six students with different disabilities, supplemented by insights from four parents through interviews and focus-group discussions. The findings revealed a spectrum of experiences influenced by the presence of supportive environments, the availability of individual education plans, and the need for adapted materials and technology. Despite the commitment to inclusive education in both regions, gaps existed in policy awareness and application, suggesting a need for more informed and consistent practice. This study contributes to understanding the lived realities of students with disabilities and underscores the importance of multi-faceted support systems for effective inclusive education.

Training and Developing Physician-Scientist Careers to Enhance Medical Research in Ghana

Summary A physician-scientist is a medical doctor who combines clinical practice with research. They often work in academic medical centers, research institutions, or hospitals, where they split their time between treating patients and conducting research to advance medical knowledge, develop new treatments, and improve public health. Their work is well recognized as they are reported to constitute 37% of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, and several prize winners in Chemistry. However, regardless of how inherently fulfilling this may be, in Ghana and many other regions of the world, increasingly fewer doctors aspire to become physician-scientists. Currently, there is a lack of clarity regarding the path to becoming a physician-scientist in Ghana and other African nations. So, for the young doctor of today who wishes to embark on a research career, there are more questions than answers. The authors emphasize the need for structured programs, early commitment, and resource allocation to nurture the next generation of physician-scientists. They also examine the potential of integrating research-focused training into existing medical programs and the role of various stakeholders, such as universities and the Ministry of Health, in supporting these initiatives. The authors call for innovative approaches and strategic planning to enhance the capacity of Ghanaian doctors to pursue careers in medical research, ultimately contributing to global scientific advancement and improving healthcare in low and middle-income countries. They conclude that more needs to be done to develop more physician scientists.

Analysis on the Writing Errors of Grade 6 Students: Basis for Instructional Material Development

The ability of students to express themselves through writing is not just a reflection of their linguistic prowess but also a determinant of their academic and future career success. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis on the writing errors of Grade 6 students of Paciencia Elementary School, Loreto, Agusan Del Sur. The findings would be used as the basis for instructional material development and to recommend emphasizing teaching integration of the identified errors. The dominant errors were related to punctuation, capitalization, and incorrect verb forms, indicating a significant need for focused instruction in these areas to improve pupils' writing proficiency. In response to these findings, the study suggests developing targeted instructional materials that include structured lessons and practice exercises focusing on the most common errors. These resources should be integrated into the curriculum. Recommendations from the study emphasize the roles of various stakeholders in improving writing skills among pupils. Teachers should implement targeted instructional materials and attend professional development workshops. The school administration should support the integration of these materials and fund workshops while regularly assessing pupils' grammar skills. Pupils should engage actively in grammar lessons and seek feedback, and parents should encourage and support their children in practicing grammar skills at home. Policymakers and curriculum developers should incorporate the study's findings into national curriculum standards and allocate resources to support these initiatives. Future research should explore additional factors affecting grammar skills and the long-term impact of targeted instruction on overall academic performance.

Jewish Spaces in Egypt as Sites of Memory

This article explores Jewish spaces in Cairo as repositories of memory and their role in shaping a collective understanding of the Jewish past among non-Jewish Egyptians. By examining these sites through the perspectives of engaged observers, it uncovers their multifaceted reflections of Jewish life and culture. Interactions with these sites reveal the intricate interplay of internal and external factors, such as the dynamics between Jews and Muslims, the reverberations of the Arab-Israeli conflict, and societal responses to Jewish culture. These sites evoke a sense of patriotism among Egyptian Jews and their fellow citizens, marked by the fusion of Arabic, Hebrew, Judaism, and Islam. Understanding this perspective necessitates considering the roles of various stakeholders, including the remaining Jewish community, state institutions, conservationists, and scholarly professionals. It also requires an examination of ongoing societal debates and official decisions regarding the preservation or demolition of Jewish sites. Diverse viewpoints emerge from these discussions, reflecting issues like anti-Semitism, anti-Israel sentiments, distrust of the Egyptian state, and prioritizing the preservation of inhabited spaces over abandoned ones. By shedding light on these contradictions within Egyptian public discourse, this article underscores the significance of acknowledging and celebrating Egyptian Jewish heritage, which continues to shape society today.

THE KAMTAPUR MOVEMENT AND THE CALL FOR A DIVIDED STATE IN NORTH BENGAL

The Kamtapur movement is a socio-political movement that originated in the northern part of West Bengal, India, and it has significant historical, cultural, and political dimensions. This demand is embedded in a distinct cultural and historical identity, tracing back to the ancient kingdom of Kamata. The movement, rooted in ethnic identity and historical grievances, reflects the aspirations of the Rajbongshi community, predominantly inhabiting this region. The demand for a separate state or autonomous region, termed Kamtapur, arises from perceived injustices, including economic disparity, cultural marginalization, and political underrepresentation. Furthermore, the Kamtapur movement intersects with broader issues of identity politics and regional autonomy within Indias federal structure. The Rajbongshi communitys quest for recognition and empowerment within the framework of Indian democracy amplifies the movements significance. Over the years, the movement has witnessed various forms of agitation, including peaceful protests, political lobbying, and, at times, violent clashes. This study covers the historical background of the Kamtapur movement and the various factors that led to the movements demand in North Bengal. It also looks at the dynamics shaping the movement today, such as political mobilization, cultural resurgence, and socioeconomic difficulties. Additionally, it examines the role of various stakeholders, such as political parties, and the state government, in either fuelling or addressing the movements grievances. Our analysis shows that the Kamatapur movement is currently revolving around three main issues i.e. more militant political-cultural demands expressed through violence, moderate political demands for autonomy, and cultural demands for recognition. The movement has received some attention from regional political parties recently, especially during election seasons, as they try to win over the Kamtapuri community. However, neither the Indian government nor the state authorities have accepted their demand for a separate state.

평가 활용의 메커니즘과 이해관계자의 역할

Purpose: This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation and practical examples to enhance evaluation use among various stakeholders by exploring the mechanisms of evaluation use in international development cooperation through the Theory of Change (ToC). Originality: By developing a ToC specifically for development cooperation evaluation, this research advances the discourse on evaluation use. It establishes a foundational basis for theoretical discussions on diverse evaluation applications and identifies the roles of various stakeholders. Methodology: The study begins with a comprehensive literature review to define the concept and various types of evaluation use. It then conducts a comparative analysis of evaluation logic models from previous studies to extract common elements and create a tailored ToC for evaluations in international development cooperation. Finally, stakeholder analysis is used to categorize evaluation stakeholders. We apply the developed ToC to identify the roles of each stakeholder in different evaluation contexts. Result: By applying an extended definition of evaluation use, this study developed a ToC for international development cooperation evaluation, identifying essential elements for change and critical assumptions throughout the evaluation process. Through the analysis of evaluation stakeholders categorized into key, primary, and secondary groups based on their influence within the ToC framework, the study reveals that stakeholders at all levels can utilize evaluations for diverse purposes across the entire evaluation process. Conclusion and Implication: This study systematically identified the diverse roles of stakeholders and the mechanisms of evaluation use in the field of development cooperation, integrating ToC and stakeholder analysis. It provides a comprehensive understanding of who uses evaluations, for what purposes, when, and how. Ultimately, this research is expected to enhance evaluation practices and use, thereby contributing to the achievement of the intended objectives of evaluations.

Understanding the extent of economic evidence usage for informing policy decisions in the context of India’s national health insurance scheme: Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PM-JAY)

IntroductionAyushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is one of the world’s largest tax-funded insurance schemes. The present study was conducted to understand the decision-making process around the evolution...

Online informal language learning (OILL): a systematic review of studies (2014–2023)

ABSTRACT The rise of informal language learning, especially learning conducted online outside the classroom context, has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years. To date, however, there has been limited evidence-based systematic analysis of the prevalence of online informal language learning (OILL). Accordingly, we conducted a systematic review of empirical studies on OILL published over the past decade (2014-2023) to identify gaps in the current research and suggest potential directions for future research on this topic. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was followed, and 123 studies met the selection criteria. The studies included in this review highlight the following three themes: (1) focusing on ICT affordances and constraints to identify the potential of online technologies for OILL; (2) focusing on learners in OILL to explore the nature and learners’ cognition of learning; and (3) the roles of various stakeholders in OILL. Building upon this review, a conceptual framework for understanding and supporting learners’ OILL is proposed, followed by detailed recommendations for future research and practice.

Breaking the Silence: Unveiling Child Abuse in Bangladesh

Child abuse is a grave global concern that goes beyond geographical, cultural, and socio-economic boundaries. Bangladesh is a country characterized by its rich cultural heritage and diverse population. It’s a densely populated South Asian nation, that has made significant strides in improving various aspects of human development over the past decades. However, despite these advancements, child abuse remains a significant challenge that demands urgent attention. Child abuse takes various forms, including physical, sexual, emotional, and neglectful abuse, each leaving scars that can impede a child's potential to thrive and contribute positively to society. Moreover, the intricate tapestry of socioeconomic disparities, traditional practices, and limited access to education and healthcare services further compounds the vulnerabilities of children, often exposing them to increased risks of exploitation and maltreatment. This paper will delve into the prevailing cultural norms and societal attitudes that might perpetuate child abuse, exploring how traditional beliefs and practices intersect with modern challenges. By analyzing statistical data, academic research, and expert opinions, the study will provide a nuanced understanding of the scale of the problem, helping to identify gaps in current policy frameworks and protective mechanisms. Additionally, the research will scrutinize the role of various stakeholders, such as government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and international bodies, in addressing child abuse in Bangladesh.

Problems and Possible Solutions to Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malawi Urban Areas – An Overview

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management poses significant challenges in urban areas of Malawi, with rapid population growth, poor sanitary conditions, and inadequate waste disposal infrastructure exacerbating the situation. This overview synthesizes existing literature to examine the complexities of MSW management in key Malawian cities, including Mzuzu, Blantyre, Zomba, and Lilongwe. Drawing from diverse sources such as peer-reviewed papers, governmental reports, and policy documents, the study investigates the root causes of MSW problems and explores potential remedies. Key issues identified include poor waste disposal habits, lack of waste classification, insufficient waste removal services, and community perceptions towards waste disposal. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the legal frameworks and environmental regulations governing MSW management in Malawi, highlighting the roles of various stakeholders and policy instruments. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a multi-faceted approach involving enforcement of legal laws, civic education and awareness campaigns, community engagement, involvement of private operators, conversion of waste to energy, promotion of recycling activities, composting, and provision of public bins/trash containers. By implementing these strategies, Malawi can move towards sustainable MSW management, mitigate environmental risks, and improve public health outcomes in urban areas.

Research Paper on Introduction of Deepfake

Deepfake technology, powered by deep learning advancements and computational capabilities, is a rising challenge in the digital era. This paper presents a concise overview of deepfake detection research, methodologies, challenges, and ethical considerations. The paper first outlines state-of-the-art detection techniques, both traditional forensic and machine learning-based, that exploit subtle cues to differentiate between genuine and manipulated media.It then delves into the technicalities of deepfake generation, emphasizing the importance of understanding these techniques for developing robust detection mechanisms The paper also examines the societal impacts of deepfakes, including implications for privacy and free expression, and the role of various stakeholders in shaping deepfake development. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the need for ongoing research, ethical considerations, and informed public discourse to harness the benefits of deep learning while mitigating societal risks