Role Of International Organizations Research Articles

The concept of ‘building back better’ and the reconstruction of Ukraine and its cities

ABSTRACT The paper focuses on the long-term challenge of the reconstruction of Ukrainian cities and the role the ‘building back better’ (BBB) concept may/should play in this process. The authors indicate the potential of the BBB concept for rebuilding Ukraine and the role of international organizations (the UN and the European Union) in rebuilding Ukraine. Examples of actions already undertaken by these entities and programmes planned are outlined and examined. In the conclusions, the authors identify the value and usefulness of the BBB concept for reconstructing Ukrainian cities.

Regional Dynamics and Counterterrorism: Pakistan-Russia Collaboration in Central Asia

Pakistan and Russia face threats from terrorist organizations such as the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), the Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP), the East Turkestan Liberation Organization (ETLO), and the Grey Wolves, which have extended their influence into Central Asia. These groups pose serious security challenges for Pakistan, particularly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, with Pakistani intelligence often tracing terrorist incidents back to these organizations. This study explores the geostrategic dynamics and security challenges in Central Asia and the potential for a strategic partnership between Pakistan and Russia. To investigate the potential and implications of a strategic partnership between Pakistan and Russia for regional security and stability. The research involves a comprehensive literature review and analysis of efforts by the Counter Terrorism Implementation Task Forces (CTITF) under the United Nations and the United Nations Center for Regional Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNCRPDCA). It examines their impacts on Russia-Pakistan relations within the context of regional dynamics and strategic interests. The study finds that a Pak-Russia strategic partnership could enhance regional security and stability through improved counterterrorism efforts, including intelligence sharing and joint military exercises. It highlights the mutual challenges and geopolitical tensions that may affect this partnership. The paper provides valuable insights into the potential strategic partnership between Pakistan and Russia to address shared security threats and the role of international organizations in facilitating counterterrorism initiatives in the region.

The Role of International Organizations in Promoting the Right to Sustainable Development

This study examines the development of public international law, including the concept of sustainable development, and the role played by international organizations in promoting world to pay attention to it in response to the demand for the right to optimal exploitation of wealth and resources. International organizations, therefore, should help member countries and other concerned parties to set common goals in all fields to achieve success in sustainable development plans in every area related to politics, economy, society, and the environment. This study used a descriptive methodology to examine how international organizations contribute to the advancement of the right to sustainable development. Through continuous cooperation and coordination.

SANCTIONS POLICY IN THE WORLD: EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE

The author of the article aims to highlight the specific features of the application of sanctions in the international community in the context of the evolution of political discourse on sanctions policy. In his work, the author relies on the concept of the “three great debates” of the researcher Peter Wallensteen, applying it to the analysis of changes in the political situation around the use of sanctions and the reasons that lead to them. As main examples, the author analyzes sanctions of the League of Nations and the UN, as well as individual states. The author considers the change in political reasons leading to sanctions, as well as their transformation into an effective political instrument that is actively used primarily by international organizations. The issues of the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of sanctions are analyzed. The conclusions that the author comes to indicate that the successful implementation of sanctions policy requires the support of a sufficiently wide number of states. Thus, in the matter of using sanctions against certain states, the role of international organizations is undeniable. The development and formation of world politics and its trends bring new reasons for the use of sanctions. One should also not fail to take into account the leading world powers that are quite actively using sanctions policy for their own purposes.

A missing link? The role of international organizations in climate-related planned relocation

ABSTRACT Planned relocation of communities to less hazardous sites is a complex process anticipated to become more prevalent as climate change accelerates. In many parts of the world, communities and national governments planning internal relocations rely on support from International Organizations (IOs) for decision-making and implementation processes. This IO assistance – ranging from policy guidelines to technical assessments, monitoring and evaluation to finance – varies widely based on diverse national and local contexts. Despite challenges including embedded power dynamics, many IOs are becoming more involved with planned relocation processes and therefore, a greater understanding of IO involvement in planned relocations to date is needed. Our analysis highlights an emergent gap in international climate mobility governance: while climate-related displacement and migration fall under existing IO mandates, there is no obvious institutional home for internal planned relocation. Current support from IOs to nationally and locally led planned relocation processes remains ad hoc and siloed, leading to gaps in international accountability and coordination, including a lack of human rights-based standards for IO engagement. In this article, we outline potential institutional arrangements dedicated to internal planned relocation and assess tradeoffs between pathways. Addressing this ‘missing link’ in institutional arrangements for internal planned relocation at the international level is essential to promote greater coordination and accountability between key stakeholders as planned relocation becomes more common in a changing climate.

О НЕКОТОРЫХ АКТУАЛЬНЫХ ПРОБЛЕМАХ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В БОРЬБЕ С ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯМИ ПРОТИВ СВОБОДЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ

This article discusses some topical issues of legal regulation of international cooperation in the fight against crimes against personal freedom. The author analyzes such issues as the role of international organizations and States in the prevention of crimes, the need to create a unified international legislation to combat these crimes, as well as the problems of interaction between law enforcement agencies of different countries in the investigation of such crimes. In conclusion, the author concludes that the legal regulation of international cooperation should be more effective and take into account the interests of all parties.

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES

International relations today require additional functional capabilities to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in various areas, from interactions between national political actors to intergovernmental cooperation. Due to its functional features, blockchain technology can improve and simplify international cooperation through decentralization and the absence of a central controlling body; transparency, which allows all network participants to have equal access to identical information; immutability and data security, as information cannot be changed or deleted without the consent of all network participants; and automation through smart contracts that automatically execute upon the agreed conditions. Improving blockchain understanding is possible through various international programs involving stakeholders, with international relations being one of the important areas. Coordination and alignment of political components between countries to create common standards will promote the global implementation of certain standards and norms for blockchain and international cooperation. This will create a clear environment for implementing information and communication technologies aimed at developing the potential of politicians, civil servants, international players, government institutions, the private sector, and other stakeholders. However, the adoption of blockchain in many countries will require a review of the legal framework, the adoption of new norms, and the possible repeal of certain laws. The role of international organizations in the blockchain industry will grow, as most governments still lack clear policies on the technology, while the private sector is already actively promoting it. Ultimately, the widespread use of blockchain as a digital technology tool in modern international relations can lead to fundamental changes in various fields, from trade and finance to intellectual property protection and political stability. The article discusses the problems of using blockchain technology in international relations with the disclosure of its functional features and further opportunities for improving cooperation at the interstate level.

Classification of international organizations and their role in the modern world

International organizations in the modern world play an important role in ensuring cooperation between states, developing global strategies and solving international problems. Classification of various international organizations into categories for the purpose of their systematic study is not based on a priori generally accepted criteria. Thus, none of the existing classifications of international organizations, even if they satisfy a significant part of differentiated research needs, can be considered as based on codified criteria. The relative typology of all international organizations entails their classification, sometimes based on criteria that serve the specific theoretical needs of a particular study. Although this is not the case here, it should be noted that the following distinctions of international organizations are mainly relevant to the study of the legal aspects of the phenomenon. International organizations can be classified according to various criteria, such as target orientation, structure, method of participation of states and others. One of the key criteria is functional orientation. Thus, there are political, economic, social, humanitarian and military organizations, each of which has its own specific tasks and functions. Some organizations are based on the principle of sovereignty, where each state has the right to make an independent decision on participation in the organization’s activities. In the light of globalization and the growing complexity ofinternationalrelations, understanding the classification of international organizations is becoming extremely important for solving global problems and ensuring peaceful coexistence in the international arena. Studying their functions, structures, and participation mechanisms helps countries and organizations to cooperate more effectively and solve important global issues. The role of international organizations in the modern world cannot be overestimated. They facilitate cooperation between states, resolve international conflicts, provide humanitarian aid, develop economies, and implement joint strategies for environmental protection. International organizations act as mediators and coordinators in solving major global problems, ensuring stability and progress in international relations.

The Role of International Organizations in Global Governance: Challenges and Opportunities

International organizations play a crucial role in global governance, serving as forums for cooperation and coordination among nations to address shared challenges and opportunities. This article explores the multifaceted role of international organizations in global governance, focusing on the challenges they face and the opportunities they present. Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducts an extensive literature review and library research to examine the contributions, limitations, and evolving dynamics of international organizations in the realm of global governance. Through the review of existing literature, various roles of international organizations are identified, including policy formulation, norm setting, capacity building, conflict resolution, and humanitarian assistance. Additionally, the study assesses the challenges faced by international organizations, such as political polarization, resource constraints, legitimacy concerns, and institutional inefficiencies. Furthermore, the study identifies opportunities for international organizations to enhance their effectiveness and relevance in global governance, including promoting multilateralism, fostering partnerships with non-state actors, harnessing digital technologies, and addressing emerging global issues. The findings highlight the importance of international organizations as key actors in shaping the global governance landscape and emphasize the need for continuous adaptation and innovation to address complex global challenges effectively. By elucidating the challenges and opportunities faced by international organizations, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of global governance in the contemporary world.

Amerika Serikat sebagai Negara Adikuasa: Pengaruh dan Dominasi dari Akhir Abad ke-20 hingga Awal Abad ke-21

This research analyzes the role and influence of the United States as a superpower from the late 20th century to the early 21st century, focusing on military, economic, political, and cultural power. After the Soviet Union's collapse, the United States became the dominant force in international policy, with significant global power projection through a large defense budget and advanced technology. Economically, its influence is seen in the dollar's dominance and leading technology companies. Politically, the U.S. plays a central role in international organizations like the UN and NATO. Culturally, American media and technology have led to widespread "Americanization." Despite its influence, the U.S. faces criticism for unilateral policies and military interventions, along with domestic challenges such as economic inequality and racial tensions, and the rise of powers like China and Russia. This research provides insights into how the U.S. maintains its superpower status and addresses global challenges.

International Human Rights Law: Enforcement Mechanisms and Challenges in a Globalized World

The abstract provides an overview of international human rights law, examining its enforcement mechanisms and the challenges it faces in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. the evolution of human rights law, the role of international organizations, and the complexities of ensuring compliance and accountability in diverse cultural, political, and legal contexts. International human rights law serves as a cornerstone of the global legal framework, promoting fundamental rights and freedoms for all individuals regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, or social status. The abstract delves into the origins of human rights law, tracing its development from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to various international treaties, conventions, and customary norms.

The Role of Non-State Actors in Maritime Diplomacy: International Organizations and NGOs in Resolving Maritime Disputes

The escalating complexities of maritime disputes necessitate a nuanced examination of the evolving role of non-state actors in maritime diplomacy. This research delves into the conceptualization of non-state actors in international relations, with a primary focus on the roles played by international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in resolving maritime disputes. Employing qualitative research methods using secondary data, this study draws on existing literature to analyze the conceptual frameworks, roles of international organizations in conflict resolution, contributions of NGOs to maritime diplomacy, and factors influencing the effectiveness of non-state actors in dispute resolution. Findings illuminate the multifaceted nature of non-state actors, showcasing their diverse contributions to diplomatic efforts, from mediation and conflict prevention to post-conflict reconstruction. This research contributes novel insights by synthesizing existing knowledge on non-state actors in the context of maritime diplomacy and providing a comprehensive understanding of their impact on global and regional maritime governance. The study's findings inform policymakers, scholars, and practitioners engaged in maritime diplomacy, shedding light on the intricate dynamics that shape the effectiveness of non-state actors in addressing maritime challenges. Keywords: conflict resolution, international organizations, maritime diplomacy, NGOs, non-state actors

Navigating the Complexities of International Economic Law: Implications for Global Trade and Investment

This paper explores the multifaceted landscape of international economic law and its profound implications for global trade and investment. Through a detailed examination of key legal instruments and treaties, including the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements, Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), the study elucidates how these frameworks shape the regulatory environment for international commerce. Central principles of non-discrimination, most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment, and national treatment are dissected to understand their practical application and impact on trade and investment flows. The role of international organizations in creating, enforcing, and shaping the norms and standards of global economic interaction is critically assessed. Furthermore, the paper delves into the legal challenges and strategic considerations businesses face in navigating international trade, investment protection, intellectual property rights, and the burgeoning digital economy. By examining case studies and practical implementations, the study highlights the dynamic interaction between legal frameworks and business strategy in the context of digital trade, data protection, and the use of digital currencies and blockchain in trade finance. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide insights into the evolving landscape of international economic law and offer strategic guidance for businesses and policymakers navigating these complexities.

International Human Rights Law: Enforcement Mechanisms and Challenges in a Globalized World

The abstract provides an overview of international human rights law, examining its enforcement mechanisms and the challenges it faces in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. the evolution of human rights law, the role of international organizations, and the complexities of ensuring compliance and accountability in diverse cultural, political, and legal contexts. International human rights law serves as a cornerstone of the global legal framework, promoting fundamental rights and freedoms for all individuals regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, or social status. The abstract delves into the origins of human rights law, tracing its development from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to various international treaties, conventions, and customary norms.

The role of International Organizations in the issue of personal data protection

The article explores the role of international organizations in protecting personal data in the context of the modern digital world. Key aspects of international cooperation in this area are considered, including the establishment of common norms and standards for data protection, coordination of efforts to combat global cybersecurity threats, and creation of mechanisms to respond to cross-border data leaks. The challenges associated with harmonizing different legal frameworks and cultural differences are discussed, as well as the role of international organizations in promoting dialogue and mutual understanding between countries and cultures. The article also highlights the principle of independence of international organizations and their importance in ensuring fair and effective solutions to global data protection issues. This general overview emphasizes the importance of cooperation and coordinated actions at the international level to ensure the security and confidentiality of personal data on a global scale.

The Role of International Organizations in Shaping Customary International Law: An Analytical Study of the 2018 ILC’s Draft Conclusions

The Role of International Organizations in Shaping Customary International Law: An Analytical Study of the 2018 ILC’s Draft Conclusions

Захист прав людини на міжнародному рівні під час збройних конфліктів: історія становлення та сучасні виклики

The article draws attention to the fact that international protection of rights during armed conflicts plays an important role, and it must be effective for its implementation in countries in armed conflicts Regardless of its nature, whether international or non-international armed conflict, it threatens the realisation of most fundamental human rights and freedoms, including the most important natural human right - the right to life. The author examines the problems of international protection of human and civil rights in armed conflicts, the history of international campaigns to protect human rights in various paramilitary attacks, and the new international policy on human rights protection during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The purpose of the article is to analyse the international protection of human rights in the context of historical challenges and current armed conflicts, highlighting key issues, aspects and possible ways to improve existing legislation and practice. Case studies will also be considered to better understand the dynamics of human rights protection during armed conflicts and the role of international organisations in this process. The article concludes that international norms and treaties aimed at protecting human rights remain relevant and effective even in the most difficult conditions, such as armed conflicts. International human rights law, in particular, as defined by specific instruments, provides the necessary framework for the protection of fundamental rights and dignity of people even during hostilities. It is noted that it is important that the international bodies responsible for the implementation and enforcement of these norms confirm the inalienability of human rights protection in conflict situations. The condemnation of war crimes, genocide and violations of international humanitarian law indicates that the international community recognises the importance of protecting fundamental rights during war. It is emphasised that even in exceptional situations, when states take measures to derogate from their obligations due to the threat to the life of the nation, the preservation and protection of human rights remains a central task of the international community. It is important to continue to improve the mechanisms and instruments of international law aimed at ensuring the effective protection of human rights in time of war, thereby contributing to stability, justice and human security in the world.

A Critical Reflection on the Impact of International Organisations on Vocational Education Policy in China

Under the influence of globalisation, the importance of international organisations has become increasingly prominent. This paper explores the four stages of China's vocational education policy development and the effects of its implementation, as well as the impact of international governmental and non-governmental organisations on the development of vocational education and training (VET) in China. Specifically, the paper critically reflects on the degree to which the 4A principles, namely acceptability, availability, adaptability, and accessibility, have been accomplished in China's vocational education system in the context of reality, and the role of international organisations in policy-making and economic assistance in vocational education.

The Role of International Law in Addressing Transnational Organized Crime

This study delves into the pivotal role of international law in combatting transnational organized crime. This phenomenon has significantly evolved and expanded in its scope and complexity. The paper begins with an introduction to transnational organized crime and the critical importance of international law in addressing these challenges. It then provides a historical background, tracing the evolution of these crimes and the corresponding development of international legal frameworks. Further, the paper categorizes various types of transnational organized crime. A comprehensive analysis of key international laws and treaties, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and various regional treaties, forms a crucial part of the study. The role of international organizations like the United Nations, Interpol, and regional entities in enforcing these laws and promoting cooperation is critically evaluated. The paper addresses the significant challenges in implementation, including jurisdictional issues, disparities in national legal systems, and political and economic barriers. Through case studies, the paper analyzes successful international cooperations as well as notable failures, providing a real-world perspective on the effectiveness of current strategies. The emerging trends and future challenges section looks at the impact of technology and changing political landscapes on transnational crime. Finally, the paper proposes potential solutions and policy recommendations, focusing on strengthening international legal frameworks and enhancing global cooperation and intelligence sharing. The conclusion summarizes the findings and reflects on the future of international law in effectively tackling transnational organized crime within the evolving global landscape.

The Role of International Organizations in Promoting Women's Rights: Take the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women as an Example

The Role of International Organizations in Promoting Women's Rights: Take the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women as an Example