Role In Global Governance Research Articles

Identifying and developing the roles of private business actors in international regime complexes

Abstract Business actors play increasingly important roles in global governance and international regulation. This paper considers how regime complexity influences the roles of businesses and impacts opportunities for business influence on international regulatory regimes. We conducted a scoping literature review of 243 articles from the International Regime Complexity (IRC) theory literature to explore if and how complexity affects the roles of businesses and their influence on international regulation. We found that complexity presents opportunities for businesses to regime shift and exploit knowledge asymmetry in order to influence international regulation. Further, IRC theory illustrates how the roles of businesses interact and leverage one another in order to create better opportunities for influence in specific international regulatory regimes. This paper contributes to IRC theory by building on the existing non-state actor discussions and offering specific theorization of business behavior, thus starting to bridge the gap between the empirical and theoretical understanding. Second, it contributes to existing discussions in business and politics literature by developing existing knowledge on the roles of businesses in global governance to better reflect the added dimension of complexity.

Undersea cable security in the Indo‐Pacific: Enhancing the Quad’s collaborative approach

Undersea communication cables carry the bulk of global communications, intelligence, and financial transactions daily. They are increasingly threatened, and Australia, Japan, India, and the US have begun coordinating cable security activities in the Indo-Pacific as the Quad. This article investigates the Quad’s role in undersea cable communication security, and analyzes its motivations, strengths, and the challenges it faces thereby illuminating the Quad’s evolving position in international security and its role in global governance. In doing so, it evaluates the Quad’s significance in addressing emerging security threats in the Indo-Pacific, attempts to fill critical gaps in policy formulation, and contributes to theories of informality and global governance. It begins by outlining threats to undersea communication cables. Second, it details the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience within the context of an informal intergovernmental organization literature. Third, it provides recommendations for policy formulation in undersea cable security and explores the Quad's potential for improving connectivity, resilience, and security. Finally, the article emphasizes the need to tailor policies to India’s unique position within the Quad and explores proactive measures like floating Quad-supported cable repair ships. These recommendations offer insights for policymakers to bolster global communication infrastructure, resilience, and provide public goods amidst multipolarity and great power rivalry.

Decoding Xi Jinping's Idiosyncratic Foreign Policy: Analyzing the Interplay of Centralized Decision-Making, Soft Power Dynamics, and Regional Security Implications

Comparative historical analysis will trace the foreign policy orientation of Xi Jinping: the orientation that, by the nature of things, must be different from that of his predecessors, Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin. Xi's ideological motivations and strategic objectives will be analyzed qualitatively using a systematic review of scholarly articles and policy documents. It describes the shift from a narrative of peaceful rise to a more assertive foreign policy that aims to change the international order according to the vision of realizing national rejuvenation in China. The focus is on two critical components of Xi's policy: the soft power, on the one hand, and military modernization, on the other. Together, they reflect his dual playing of economic cooperation and territorial aspirations. This paper also explores how evolving domestic politics and the increasing competition between the United States and China shape the impact of China's soft power campaigns and its broader security strategies in the region. Findings indicate that under Xi, centralized decision-making and assertive diplomacy are redefining China's role in global governance and transforming international relations in the fast-changing multipolar world. These policies are compared with those of previous leaders to bring forth valuable insights into the dynamic change experienced by the foreign policy of China and its consequences on the international political configurations. Key Words: Idiosyncrasy, Xi Jinping, Soft power, Military modernization, Decision making

The Role of International Organizations in Global Governance: Challenges and Opportunities

International organizations play a crucial role in global governance, serving as forums for cooperation and coordination among nations to address shared challenges and opportunities. This article explores the multifaceted role of international organizations in global governance, focusing on the challenges they face and the opportunities they present. Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducts an extensive literature review and library research to examine the contributions, limitations, and evolving dynamics of international organizations in the realm of global governance. Through the review of existing literature, various roles of international organizations are identified, including policy formulation, norm setting, capacity building, conflict resolution, and humanitarian assistance. Additionally, the study assesses the challenges faced by international organizations, such as political polarization, resource constraints, legitimacy concerns, and institutional inefficiencies. Furthermore, the study identifies opportunities for international organizations to enhance their effectiveness and relevance in global governance, including promoting multilateralism, fostering partnerships with non-state actors, harnessing digital technologies, and addressing emerging global issues. The findings highlight the importance of international organizations as key actors in shaping the global governance landscape and emphasize the need for continuous adaptation and innovation to address complex global challenges effectively. By elucidating the challenges and opportunities faced by international organizations, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of global governance in the contemporary world.

Evaluating the effectiveness of global governance mechanisms in promoting environmental sustainability and international relations

This study critically evaluates the effectiveness of global governance mechanisms in promoting environmental sustainability and enhancing international relations. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed articles, official reports, and policy documents published between 2010 and 2024. The main objectives were to analyze the role of global governance in environmental sustainability, assess its impact on international relations, and propose strategic recommendations for enhancing governance frameworks. The methodology focused on identifying, selecting, and analyzing relevant literature based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, emphasizing the contributions of multilateral environmental agreements, international organizations, public-private partnerships, and the involvement of civil society and non-governmental organizations. Key findings reveal that while global governance mechanisms have significantly contributed to advancing environmental sustainability goals, challenges related to implementation, compliance, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of technological innovations persist. The study concludes that adaptive governance structures responsive to evolving environmental issues and stakeholder needs are crucial. Strategic recommendations include strengthening legal and institutional frameworks, enhancing stakeholder engagement, promoting public-private partnerships, and leveraging technological advancements. Directions for future research emphasize exploring the impact of emerging global challenges and investigating the role of non-traditional actors in shaping environmental policies. Keywords: Global Governance, Environmental Sustainability, International Relations, Systematic Literature Review.

China's position on the South China Sea issue: from maintaining stability to protecting rights

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the position of the Chinese leadership on the issue of ownership of the water area and marine facilities in the South China Sea. The purpose of the proposed study is to determine the specifics of China's position on the key issue of regional security in Southeast Asia. The objectives of this work are to consider the historical and economic prerequisites affecting the policy of the People's Republic of China in the South China Sea; to study the dynamics of China's diplomatic conflict with regional countries over sovereignty over the waters in the South China Sea, as well as to interpret China's approaches to solving this issue. The author considers the approach of Chinese diplomacy as a derivative of increasing China's role in global governance, which entails changes in both the regional subsystem and the global system of international relations. The study uses historical-comparative, historical-typological and problem-chronological methods, which allowed the author to study the PRC's approach to protecting its national interests in the South China Sea with a special focus on innovations introduced into China's approach due to the increasing complexity of systemic challenges for China. The relevance of this study is related to a change in the tactics of Chinese diplomacy towards more focused and tougher rhetoric, emphasizing intransigence with baseless attacks by Western countries and manipulations with the vulnerability of indigenous Chinese interests. The researcher concludes that the main task of the PRC today is to assert its influence in the South China Sea through close cooperation with ASEAN countries and strengthening regional cooperation in the South China Sea region. In view of the US desire to curb China's growth and prevent it from gaining a foothold in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Beijing adheres to the tactics of negotiating a comprehensive Code of Conduct in the South China Sea with simultaneous unilateral economic development of the islands and waters of the South China Sea. This approach will lead to the creation of a stable and mutually beneficial regional order in East Asia.

:China’s Energy Security in the Twenty-First Century: The Role of Global Governance and Climate Change

:<i>China’s Energy Security in the Twenty-First Century: The Role of Global Governance and Climate Change</i>

The Сoncept of International Discourse Power in China’s Foreign Policy Ideology

As China’s material power strengthens and US-China strategic competition deepens, the concept of international discourse power is becoming increasingly important in China’s foreign policy ideology. Beijing assumes that China’s increased material power has not been translated into international discourse power; in the context of developing US-Chinese rivalry, China is at a disadvantage in terms of its international discourse power, and the persistence of Western “discourse hegemony” in the world is holding back further development of China and the implementation of its national interests. According to many Chinese scholars, the essence of the struggle for international discourse power is the desire to dominate the world order, including its creation, maintenance and revision. Possession of discourse power allows a country to influence the world political and economic order and values, determine the international agenda and thereby acquire greater economic and geopolitical power, as well as occupy leading role in global governance. Increased influence on the world arena is seen in Beijing as closely linked to the strengthening of international discourse power. The article reconstructs the genesis and development of the concept of international discourse power in the Chinese official and academic fields, identifies independence in the Chinese theoretical understanding of this concept and the high applied significance of its research as aimed at finding ways to shape China’s discourse power. The article focuses on the main provisions, logic and argumentation of Chinese scholars in the process of their conceptualization of the phenomenon of international discourse power.

The G20 Presidency of India in 2023: Achievements, Challenges, and Implications

The G20, a forum of major economies, plays a pivotal role in shaping global governance and responding to pressing global challenges. India, as the presidency holder in 2023, assumed a significant leadership role in steering the group's agenda. This research paper aims to analyse the achievements, challenges, and implications of India's G20 presidency in 2023.The main objectives of this study are to assess India's priorities and initiatives during its G20 presidency, evaluate the notable accomplishments, examine the challenges faced, and discuss the implications for global governance. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of official G20 documents, analysis of India's policy statements, and interviews with key stakeholders. Our findings reveal that India's G20 presidency in 2023 made significant strides in various areas, including sustainable development, economic cooperation, and climate change mitigation. Notably, India championed initiatives focused on inclusive growth, digital governance, and sustainable infrastructure development. However, challenges such as divergent interests among member states and external pressures posed obstacles to the realization of certain goals. The impact of India's presidency on the G20's role in global governance and international relations is substantial. India's leadership provided impetus to ongoing discussions on crucial issues, emphasizing the importance of cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world. The presidency also shed light on the evolving dynamics of the G20 as it navigated complex geopolitical realities. India's G20 presidency in 2023 marked a notable chapter in the organization's history. While achieving significant milestones, it also faced challenges that underscored the complexities of global governance. The implications of India's leadership extend beyond the presidency year, shaping the G20's role in addressing the global challenges of the 21st century.

The European Union’s polar ambitions: regional geo-policies yet limited geo-strategic vision

ABSTRACTThe European Union influences the governance of the Arctic and the Antarctic, whose Global Spaces constitute a part of broader complex governance patchworks. This influence derives both from the EU’s role in global governance but also builds on some member states being Arctic states and Antarctic Treaty parties. The objective of this article is to propose an innovative conceptual approach – built on political geography and critical geopolitics – to better capture the EU’s presence and its visions for an EU-preferred shape of polar governance. We propose that the EU is an important participant to the process of ‘polar spatial ordering’ and has its own set of objectives, namely, to establish permanent EU-polar linkages and render itself a necessary element/participant of polar (geo)politics. These aims are supported or pursued via diverse geo-policies. However, the EU’s overarching visions – cross-sectoral geo-strategies – regarding its preferred shape of polar spaces remain underdeveloped.

Constructing Attractiveness: Chinese Diplomatic Actors’ Cultural Soft-power Discursive Practices through the British Press

ABSTRACT Based on a critical review of Nye’s conceptualization of soft power, this paper extends the literature by examining how Chinese diplomatic actors deploy cultural soft-power discursive practices when publishing opinion pieces in the British press to construct the attractiveness of China. It conducts a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis. Findings show that they strategically deploy charm offensive, defensive denial and Othering offensive to construct a distinctively positive Chinese Self and a positive Us as inclusive as possible under the influence of ideological square. The identified major topoi are characterized by imbuing China’s foreign policies and its world vision with Chinese traditional cultural and moral values, hopefully to justify China’s extensive use of the economic prowess to gain soft power, and justify its ability and incentive to play a more important role in global governance. It sheds some light on understanding Chinese diplomatic actors’ distinctive cultural soft-power mediated discursive practices in the general context of a non-Western government communicating and engaging with Western audiences. It also contributes to the understanding of China’s strategic thinking and its world vision in the Xi Jinping era.

Examining the Social and Economic Impact of Climate Change on Rural Communities and the Role of Global Governance in Addressing These Challenges

This study examines the impacts of climate change on rural communities, specifically in the areas of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and natural resources. The study highlights the challenges faced by these communities in terms of social welfare, economic growth, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability. Global governance is also mentioned as an important factor in addressing climate change challenges. The study finds that rural populations heavily depend on these sectors, making them vulnerable to extreme weather events such as increasing temperatures, storms, floods, and droughts. This vulnerability leads to various social and economic challenges, including crop failures, harm to livestock, and infrastructure damage.

China's Role in Global Governance in The Post-COVID-19 Era

China's role in global governance has attracted the attention of the international community since 2018, and academic discussions on China's role have been continuing. As the global transformation, scholars pay more attentions to how China's status as a great power more and more impact global governance system and the word order. This paper discusses China's status in global governance from the perspectives of China's regional, international, and global identity. The article believes that China's role in global governance is firstly regional, and China's status in the international community is between a regional power and a global power. China still lacks the ability and willingness on global governance. China’s positioning in global governance is based on the original post-World War II United Nations Charter and China’s influence on global governance is constructive and complementary. China’s BRI is an international public good provided to the international community, especially to the Eurasian states and it has great impact on regional governance and global governance and will benefit the world.

Mapping and Unpacking Global Governance Bodies: A Cross Sectional and Cross Organizational Analysis

Abstract Several recent studies have pointed to the increasing relevance of relatively informal, non-treaty-based global governance bodies (GGBs). Yet, a systematic fine-grained assessment of these bodies and their implications for global governance are still pending. To what extent, do non-treaty-based GGBs constitute a truly novel type of governance body, distinct from traditional treaty-based international organizations (IOs)? How do the distinctive features of GGBs affect their role in global governance? To what extent are GGB’s patterns of emergence and development specific to policy sectors? This article tackles these questions, drawing on an original dataset on GGBs in five distinct policy areas (banking and finance, energy, global health, Internet, and migration policy). We combine a micro-organizational perspective with a meso-level network approach to unpack the main features of non-treaty-based GGBs vis-à-vis, traditional IOs. Our results provide support to the general expectation that non-treaty-based GGBs offer distinctive opportunities for global governance with respect to traditional IOs. However, importantly, this relationship is not dichotomous. We find that GGBs exist on a continuum of fit-to-purpose designs ranging from hard, formal, and intergovernmental models to a soft, informal, and multistakeholder-based form of governance. Lastly, we also find notable variations across policy areas, where global health stands out given its decentralized network structure.

Innovations of "great power diplomacy with chinese characteristics" by Xi Jinping "in the new era"

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of Chinese diplomacy at the present stage of China's development. The purpose of the proposed study is to determine the features of "great power diplomacy with Chinese specifics in the new era." The purpose of this work - to examine the peculiarities of Xi Jinping-era diplomacy, to clarify the degree of their continuity with respect to previous diplomatic strategies of China, as well as to interpret the modern diplomatic strategy of "great power diplomacy with Chinese specifics" as a consequence of the growing power of China challenging the hegemony of the United States. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the theory of structural realism and the theory of the transit of power, which allow us to study the influence of Chinese diplomacy as a derivative of China's increasing role in global governance on the process of structuring both the regional subsystem and the global system of international relations. The relevance of this study is associated with a change in the tactics of Chinese diplomacy towards a more focused and tougher rhetoric, emphasizing intransigence with baseless attacks by Western countries and manipulations with the vulnerability of indigenous Chinese interests. In the study, the authors note that throughout the period under review, pragmatism and an orientation towards modernization and strengthening of the country remained the invariable principle of Chinese diplomacy. Xi Jinping proclaimed a course for the "revival of the Chinese nation," which met with resistance from the countries of the "Collective West." The authors' scientifically significant contribution to the study of the peculiarities of the diplomatic practice of the People's Republic of China in the context of the implementation of the "diplomacy of a great power with Chinese specifics in a new era" is to assess the degree of compliance of this course with the need to defend China's fundamental national interests in a complicated international situation. The article emphasizes that "the diplomacy of a great power with Chinese specifics" allows China to demonstrate the behavior of a great power and at the same time change the balance of forces in the "international struggle for public opinion."

러시아‧우크라이나 종전을 위한 글로벌 거버넌스의 역할 : 체제전환기 한학자 총재의 러시아 강연을 중심으로

러시아‧우크라이나 종전을 위한 글로벌 거버넌스의 역할 : 체제전환기 한학자 총재의 러시아 강연을 중심으로

Multilateralism and minilateralism as global governance mechanisms

Multilateralism and minilateralism are the main mechanisms of global governance. Multilateralism is characterized by membership inclusiveness, a low entry threshold for new members, and a focus on universality, while minilateralism is characterized by membership exclusivity, a high entry threshold for new members, and no focus on universality. Contemporary multilateral institutions emerged after World War II under the influence of American hegemony. The US commitment to multilateralism in global governance has been inconsistent, setting the stage for the current crisis of multilateral global governance. The aforementioned crisis can be explained by the problems of American leadership, the emergence of a polycentric power configuration of the world, as well as specific actions of both the hegemon and other great powers. The issue was fueled by the increasingly evident problems of ineffectiveness of the core global institutions in dealing with pressing problems, deadlocks in multilateral negotiations and the lack of representation of developing countries in global governance. The failure of the main actors to respond to these challenges has led to the proliferation of the minilateralist mechanism of global governance. Two types of minilateralism in global governance are distinguished - clubs of the most significant states (the first type) and communities of like-minded states (the second type). The main advantage of the first type of minilateralism is the ability to solve global problems with minimal effort. Minilateralism of the second type is positively distinguished by its homogeneous structure and cohesion of the ranks. The main advantages of minilateralism in general include flexibility, adaptability, plasticity, quick decision-making, free, open and effective negotiations and resource saving. The main disadvantages of minilateralism are low legitimacy, limited technical and financial capabilities, lack of transparency and accountability, vagueness of goals and lack of focus. The first type of minilateralism is able to somewhat increase the effectiveness of interaction within the global institutions by reducing the number of parties involved, but it is unlikely to be able to overcome the core source of ineffectiveness of global governance, which is the mistrust between the main actors. The main disadvantage of the second type of minilateralism is the fragmentation of international regimes. The emergence of the minilateral competitors can both motivate the established institutions to reform and demotivate states to participate in multilateral global governance. Minilateralism will continue to play a large role in global governance. The disadvantages of minilateralism can be mitigated by combining it with the multilateralist mechanism, using a more rigorous approach to the selection of participants, goal setting and the implementation of agreements, and introducing a system of indirect representation.

Cuba's participation in international development cooperation and its relationship with North-South imbalances in global governance

The research focuses on Cuba's participation in international development cooperation and its relationship with North-South imbalances in global governance, examining how Cuba has developed its international cooperation strategy. Cuba's international cooperation policies and practices are analyzed, including its technical and humanitarian assistance programs, and it is examined how they have adapted to the changing political and economic circumstances of the region. It assesses Cuba's role in global governance, particularly in relation to international and regional organizations, and discusses how it has used its position to further its development interests and goals. The research shows that Cuba's participation in international development cooperation has been significant and has had a positive impact on reducing North-South imbalances. However, Cuba's ability to influence global governance is still limited, due to its political and economic situation and the hegemony of the North in global decision-making

International organizations, European Union access, and authority

ABSTRACT In recent years, the European Union has gained access to several international organizations (IOs). This is a noteworthy and novel development, as IOs not only formalize but also deepen their interactions with the EU by granting it formal rights to participate in their policymaking processes. Building on the literature on the EU’s role in global governance and the opening-up of IOs, this paper investigates the conditions under which IOs grant the EU access to their decision-making processes. While overlapping policy mandates between the concerned IO and the EU are certainly an important explanation, they are not the entire story. As this paper suggests, much depends on the authority of the IO granting access to the EU. This is because the members of authoritative IOs recognize in the EU a highly authoritative IO and might thus be more inclined to take it on board in order to mitigate negative externalities, enhance their own effectiveness, and avoid intra-institutional conflicts. Using a novel dataset on the EU’s formal access to 33 IOs and addressing important inferential concerns, the statistical analysis shows that EU access depends on the authority of IOs. That authoritative IOs establish formal relations between themselves provides the basis for increased interactions and opportunities to jointly shape global outcomes.

The First Fifteen Years of the BRICS

At the first BRIC(S) summit in 2009, leaders of the major emerging market countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) from different continents committed to build a democratic and transparent economic architecture, support the efforts of the Group of 20 (G20) to reform the international financial institutions, restore growth, and deepen intra-group cooperation. Since then, views expressed in the literature on BRICS (expanded to include South Africa in 2010) have ranged from the harsh dismissal of BRICS as a meaningless investment banker’s acronym to its identification as a new power centre with a profound impact on the global economic order. The authors offer an updated, systematic assessment of BRICS’ evolving institutional dynamics, performance, and contribution to cooperation among its members, and to global governance as a whole. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, they identify the major achievements of each of the BRICS’ 13 annual summits through the three five-year hosting cycles, the leaders’ agreements on 933 collective commitments, and their countries’ compliance with them at a level of 77% overall. Further, they highlight the expansion of the group’s agenda into 34 subjects, the process of building the intra-BRICS institutions with the New Development Bank (NDB) as its hallmark, and its extensive second track networks including Business, Think Tanks and Academic, Trade Unions, Parliamentarian, Youth and Civil BRICS. In its first 15 years, BRICS expanded and sustained its institutional dynamics, depth, and performance despite external and domestic challenges, tensions between the members, and the unprecedented tests of the COVID19 pandemic and the ensuing socio-economic crises since 2020. Established as a dialogue and policy coordination forum, it matured into a transregional governance institution with a comprehensive political-security, socio-economic, and people-to-people agenda. Its dense institutional networks, flexibility, continuity, and foundational principle of moving forward only on issues acceptable to all members were vital factors for BRICS’ resilience and evolution. Although broadening its agenda inhibited deepening cooperation, there was considerable continuity across the annual presidencies. Progress on intra-BRICS cooperation was more tangible than that on international architecture reform, despite the group’s unwavering commitment to an equitable international order. Its consensus-based working methods sometimes constrained the group’s leadership. However, BRICS proved its value as a platform for facilitating its members’ bilateral relations and convergence in approaches, promoting their role in global governance, and advancing a more inclusive, representative, and effective international institutional system.