Role Of Words Research Articles

DİLÇİLİK NƏZƏRİYYƏSİNİN İNKİŞAF TARİXİ

History of the Development of the Theory of Linguistics Summary The origin and development history of linguistic theory is reflected in the article. Here is also brief information about the emergence of linguistics and schools of linguistics since ancient times. The history of linguistics has developed through historical stages such as Indian linguistics, Greek linguistics, Roman linguistics, and Arabic linguistics until modern times. Linguistics examines and studies all parts of language, including its units, nature, structure, and change over time. This term was first used in 1829. In general, linguistics studies language and means of communication between people. The theoretical part of this field includes very important and diverse concepts that answer questions such as the origin and purpose of language creation, language characteristics, the process of language learning, language changes, and the role of language in human personality. In the practical part, the analysis of sentence structure, the role of words, semantics, the formation of sounds, language disorders, etc. is being investigated. Key words: history of linguistics, science of linguistics, Indian linguistics, Greek linguistics, Roman linguistics, historical linguistics, applied linguistics

People in the Streets of Paris


 My paper describes and interprets the life of people in the streets of Paris from March 2020 to April 2023. In the critical discourse analysis tradition, I contrast different perspectives to make sense of the situation: my observations from home and from the streets, the media coverage and official archives that deal with the ‘public problems’ of homelessness, migrants, Roma families, and the use of public space. I also compare different periods of time when the rules are different. I observe how the analyses of the situation vary depending on one’s perspective, on the period of time and on the importance of categories such as home and waste as references. One key question for me is how to use the notion of ‘being out of place’ for people who live in the street. To do so, I reflect on the role of words, pictures and images: they reflect what I see in situ when I take the pictures but most of the pictures, I am shown tend to illustrate categories rather than situations. I reflect on the fact that what I see is not what I am shown and how it affects my relations with people who live in the street.

ОТРАЖЕНИЕ НАШИХ МЫСЛЕЙ В СЛОВЕ, В ЯЗЫКЕ

The article talks about the role of words in human life, since it is common for each of us to communicate expediently and effectively. The correct use of a word in speech, its meaning and meaning occupy a central place in the culture of speech behavior. Our thoughts are reflected in the word, language. Incorrect use of words in speech creates problems, makes communication difficult, and makes an adverse impression on the interlocutor. Also considered is the concept of the concept of teaching the Russian language, which are the basis of speech activity and a means of shaping the professional speech of future specialists.

The Role of Word-, Sentence-, and Text-Level Variables in Predicting Guided Reading Levels of Kindergarten and First-Grade Texts

The Role of Word-, Sentence-, and Text-Level Variables in Predicting Guided Reading Levels of Kindergarten and First-Grade Texts

The Role of Marketing Mix on Parents' Decisions to Choose a Junior High School Boarding School through Word of Mouth

The most important factor in human life is education. Education is one of the learning media to form characters that are influenced by human life, both personal and social. This research was conducted to determine and analyze the influence of the Word of Mouth and Marketing Mix on the decision of parents to choose a boarding school and to determine and analyze the role of Word of Mouth in mediating the influence of the Marketing Mix on the decision of parents to choose a school. This research belongs to the type of explanatory research, meaning research that explains the relationship between variables that test the hypothesis. The total population in this study consisted of 125 guardians of students. Determination of the sample using the census method where the total population is then used as a sample in this study. Data analysis techniques are part of a process with the stages of collecting research data. The author uses the technique statistical least Square (PLS). The results of this data analysis state that the Marketing Mix has a positive and significant effect on Word of Mouth. Word of Mouth and Marketing Mix have a positive and significant effect on the decision of parents to choose a school of junior high school boarding. And marketing indirectly has a significant effect on the decision of parents to choose junior high School Boarding in Tanggulangin Sidoarjo, Indonesia.

El-Sisi’s Speech on the 47th Anniversary of the October Victory: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a modern branch of linguistics. The current study applies CDA to a televised speech of El-Sisi, the Egyptian president, on the 47th anniversary of October Victory in its English version. The study aims to reveal ideologies behind the publishing of the speech and its role in shaping the mentality of Egyptians. The researcher applies Fairclough’s (2014a) three-dimensional model. She also uses Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) metafunctions of systemic functional grammar (SFG) as the tool for analysis. The analysis is mainly qualitative. The research answers some questions. The first one is: ‘How the constructive ideologies are expressed through their linguistic structures and features in the English version of El-Sisi’s speech on the 47th of October victory ceremony?’ The second is ‘what is the explanation for including such confidential ideologies in the published English version of El-Sisi’s speech?’ A significant finding is that the delivered messages of the speech reflect some ideological orientations. The ideological orientations are affected and determined by the dominant social ideologies and the general orientation of institutions in Egypt. The study aims to help readers use their skills in analyzing any discourse systematically. The study also highlights the fundamental ideologies needed to direct Egyptians for the benefit of their country. Future researches can focus on the role of words in reflecting ideologies or the role of explicitation and implicitation techniques in conveying beliefs and confidential ideologies.

Saint Caesarius of Arles and the Singing of Hymns

The interests and activities of Caesarius of Arles (470–542) are somewhat perennial. A very pastoral bishop, at a time when Franks, Goths and Burgundians vied for influence, he respected the linguistic, ethnic and political diversities of his flock and era, seeking to instruct his ignorant peoples (we have over 200 of his sermons), equipping them to practise their religion. Like Ephrem and Ambrose, he appreciated the role of words and music in "soft" formation, that is, the ability of hymns and songs to offer a vehicle for liturgical participation that unites the congregation, and to remain in the memory and continue working outside the time of the liturgy.

Development of the language personality of a junior school student in russian lessons

The article deals with the problems of developing the language personality of a Junior school student in Russian lessons. The communicative goal of teaching Russian in primary school is aimed at forming a system of knowledge about the language and on its basis developing students ‘ communication skills. The priority communicative goal allows you to change the traditional approach to the selection of learning content, to guide the school course of Russian language is not only learning about the language, but also on the development of skills to use them in different situations. According to the authors, an effective means of developing a language personality should be work aimed at understanding the role of words and text in speech communication. At the same time, the word should be understood as a unit that can convey a message, question, and Express a feeling; and the text - as thematically related sentences for solving speech problems - description, story, reasoning, and proof.

Preposition Repetition in Phrases with Homogeneous Parts of a Sentence in Business Texts of the 18<sup>th</sup> Century

The question of dialect differences in the use of homogeneous parts of a sentence and prepositions in business texts of the 18th century is considered. Attention is paid to the factors that influenced the preposition repetition in such groups. The results of comparative analysis of peripheral (in particular, Chelyabinsk) and Moscow business texts of the 18th century are presented. The question is raised whether the syntactic role of words in the group under study affected the preposition repetition. Special attention is paid to the duplication of the preposition in a number of stable expressions typical for the business usage of the 18th century. For the first time, the task is to identify differences in the use of repeated prepositions in business texts that relate to different territories. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that it draws readers’ attention to a new aspect in the history of the formation of Russian language norms. It is proved that in the business texts of the 18th century, which have different origins, territorial affiliation was not a decisive factor. The author points out that along with the place where the document was written, the author’s preferences, the functioning of prepositions in formula expressions, the syntactic role of homogeneous members, and the genre of the document may have influenced the duplication of the preposition.

The Understudied Side of Contemplation: Words, Images, and Intentions in a Syncretic Spiritual Practice

ABSTRACT The science of contemplation has focused on mindfulness in a manner quite disproportionate to its use in contemplative traditions. Mindfulness, as understood within the scientific community, is a practice that invites practitioners to disattend to words and images. The practitioner is meant to experience things as they “really are,” unfolding here and now in the flux of embodied sensations. Yet the use of words and images, together with intentions, is a far more common contemplative practice. The authors present ethnographic research with a syncretic contemplative tradition, Integral Transformative practice (ITP), which grew out of the Human Potential Movement of the 1960s. The authors focus on the practice of “affirmations,” in which practitioners seek to actualize spiritual goals by imagining future possibilities. Our ethnographic account invites new avenues for psychological research to illuminate the role of words and images in contemplation.

The Role of Intermediary Objects of Learning in Early Years Chemistry and Physics

The overall aim of the present study is to study model-based teaching and the collaborative inquiry learning of chemical processes and physical phenomena in preschool, with a specific focus on the verbal communication established between teachers and children (4–5 years old). According to variation theory, learning is always directed at a specific content, called the object of learning. This study aims at highlighting what ‘threatens’ the teacher’s and preschool children’s intersubjectivity during the teaching of chemistry and physics content, and at discussing possible ways to continue the teaching of an object of learning, once sufficient intersubjectivity in a teaching/learning situation has been lost. The result shows the need for the teacher to divide and split a larger object of learning, such as water purification, into smaller learning steps ‘on the way’ in order to hinder breaks in intersubjectivity that otherwise may arise. We introduce the notion of ‘overarching object of learning’ and ‘intermediary object of learning’, and the intermediary objects of learning identified in this study are categorized as belonging to three different themes: the role of words, the role of theoretical models and science concepts, and the role of analogies and abstractions. The teacher’s awareness of intermediary objects of learning as critical aspects for children’s individual learning is crucial for the teaching of everyday science in a preschool setting.

PERAN WORD OF MOUTH MEMEDIASI KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality on word of mouth and buying decisions, the effect of word of mouth on buying decisions and the role of word of mouth mediating the effect of product quality on Georgioswomen's product buying decisions in Denpasar. The study was conducted on 100 female in Denpasar who had made purchases on Georgioswomen. The number of respondents was determined using a purposive sampling method, namely the technique of determining samples with certain considerations. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires were analyzed using path analysis techniques (path analysis) and Sobel test. The test results state that product quality variables have a positive and significant effect on word of mouth, product quality variables have a positive and significant effect on buying decisions, word of mouth variables have a positive and significant effect on buying decisions, and word of mouth variables significantly mediate the effect of product quality against buying decisions.
 Keywords: product quality, word of mouth, buying decisions, online shop

Shaking words: memoir as confrontation in Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief

ABSTRACTDeath is the unusual narrator of The Book Thief (2005), a fictional memoir set in Bavaria at the onset of WWII. Liesel Meminger's foster parents decide to help a German Jew, an event that will catalyze major changes in their lives and which will in turn be embedded in Liesel's account. This paper attempts at analyzing the role of words and how they symbolically recover the stories of those who were silenced: Liesel's memoirs thus become acts of confrontation against the destructive potential of the Nazi discourse that provide further nuances to the interaction between fiction and historical accounts.

Sociophonetics: The Role of Words, the Role of Context, and the Role of Words in Context.

This paper synthesizes a wide range of literature from sociolinguistics and cognitive psychology, to argue for a central role for the "word" as a vehicle of language variation and change. Three crucially interlinked strands of research are reviewed-the role of context in associative learning, the word-level storage of phonetic and contextual detail, and the phonetic consequences of skewed distributions of words across different contexts. I argue that the human capacity for associative learning, combined with attention to fine-phonetic detail at the level of the word, plays a significant role in predicting a range of subtle but systematically robust observed socioindexical patterns in speech production and perception.

Lingua Erazma z Rotterdamu między fizjologią, filozofią i filologią

The article entitled “Lingua by Erasmus of Rotterdam – between physiology, philosophy and philology” is devoted to the treatise “Lingua, Sive, De Linguae usu atque abusu Liber utillissimus” which was originally published in 1525, while in an anonymous Old Polish translation it first appeared in 1542. It represents one of the most important voices in then Europe on the role of language in international social communication. In it issues related to the ethics of language, seen from a theological, philosophical and philological perspective, were taken up by the Rotterdammer, using references to medical and natural sciences. The combination of these areas of knowledge has become the subject of in-depth analysis in the article. The term „tongue”, which is equivocal in meaning, is understood in the treatise as the organ for as well as the process of speaking. As a consequence, the „physiology of language” presented in the Lingua, resulting in an extended lesson in anatomy, eventually moves the discourse into the area of reflection on the importance and role of word both in interpersonal association and in the Christian „galaxy” – the humanitas, as a factor for its integration and guarantor of peace.

The Influence of the Illustrations on the Understanding of the Hebrew Written Text in the Elementary School in the Arab Sector in Israel

This article examines the impact of illustrations and images in the Hebrew textbooks on the students’ understanding of the texts, and the extent of using details out of these illustrations in the process of understanding of the written text, furthermore, their impact on developing imagination and discussions on the basis of these drawings within class. The Arab students begin to learn Hebrew in the third grade, after spending the last two first years in studying their native language, a process which involves great efforts, for the gap between the Arab spoken language and the literary one is great. By the time the students begin to learn Hebrew as a second language, most teachers use a variety of illustrative tools in order to demonstrate tasks and material. The use of images to describe words is the first stage, then using of illustration to present the text’s subject, becomes the next phase. In this phase, the illustrations mediate between the student and the textbook, replacing the role of words and enable the students, who are not capable of using the Hebrew language quite good yet, to learn the new words. This study examines the relation between illustrations and textbooks through Hebrew class observations and interviewing of the students in the third and fourth grades in the “Terra Santa School” at Acre.

On the role of words in the network structure of texts: Application to authorship attribution

Well-established automatic analyses of texts mainly consider frequencies of linguistic units, e.g. letters, words, and bigrams. In a recent, alternative approach, medium and large-scale text structures were used in opposition to the belief that text structure is dominated by the language features. In this paper, we introduce a generalized similarity measure to compare texts which accounts for both the network structure of texts and the role of individual words in the networks. The similarity measure is used for authorship attribution of three collections of books, each composed of 8 authors and 10 books per author. High accuracy rates were obtained with typical values between 90% and 98.75%, much higher than with the traditional term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) approach for the same collections. These accuracies are also higher than those obtained solely with the topology of networks. We conclude that the different properties of specific words on the macroscopic scale structure of a whole text are as relevant as their frequency of appearance; conversely, considering the identity of nodes brings further knowledge about a piece of text represented as a network.

Views of my Fellows Thinking (Counting Thoughts)

The role of words (language) in thought expression is to make recognisable what thought is expressed. (‘Thought’ may be read here equally well as a countable or as a mass term.) The role of a definite description in the expression of a singular thought is to make recognisable with respect to what object the thought is singular. That different definite descriptions may play this role for one object settles nothing as to how such thoughts are to be counted. What does settle this? The present brief is: nothing in the (or Frege's) notion of a thought as such. For good reason. A way of counting thoughts is under two opposing constraints. First, it must serve the needs of proof. Second, it must yield thoughts which are shareable (by indefinitely many different thinkers). Simultaneously satisfying both these demands requires there to be no one way of counting thoughts which is the right one tout court. That is, the notion same thought is an occasion-sensitive notion (admits of different understandings on different occasions for counting).

Query Expansion on the Role of Word and Sentence Similarity for Domain Ontology Driven Fuzzy Retrieval Systems

Query Expansion on the Role of Word and Sentence Similarity for Domain Ontology Driven Fuzzy Retrieval Systems

Students’ conceptualisations of function revealed through definitions and examples

ABSTRACTThis study aims to explore the conceptualisations of function that some students express when they are responding to fictitious students’ statements about functions. We also asked them what is meant by “function” and many voluntarily used examples in their responses. The task was developed in collaboration with teachers from two curriculum systems, England and Israel. It was given to 10 high-achieving English students from each of the years 10–13 and to 10 high-achieving Israeli students from comparable years (total of 80 students). Data analysis included identifying students’ dominant ideas for functions as expressed in their responses, and analysing the types of examples that students used to explain their responses. Differences found between the samples from the countries led to conjectures about the influence of curriculum and teaching, and in particular, about the role of word, in this case “function”, in concept image development. Whereas most students showed that they had a meaning for the word, those students whose relevant experience of earlier concepts had been organised around the word “function” generally showed stronger understanding of function as object.