Role Of Tongue Research Articles

Devices used for measuring tongue force: A review

Over many decades, medical representatives, researchers, etc., are making an attempt to quantify the force/pressure put by the tongue within the oral cavity. Evaluation of the abovementioned may be done by qualitative or quantitative methods. The aim of this study was to assemble a review of literature regarding the devices to measure tongue strength used by different researchers over a period of time from everywhere the globe. A critical analysis regarding the devices custom-made or used to quantify tongue force was meted out in different words such as “tongue pressure,” “role of tongue,” and “malocclusion” in varied search engines using the Internet. The articles considered were over a period of 60 years approximately, i.e., 1956 dated up to March 2018. In addition, searches were also made within the references of the chosen articles. Every custom-made device has drawbacks in its own. In an overall view, most of the devices measure pressure in just one direction. However, tongue activity throughout the features entails a combination of dynamic and static forces because the tongue is oriented in a diffusion of various positions. The employment of quantitative ways to measure tongue force helps the skilled in the evaluation of orofacial physiology, making the diagnosis of tongue force more reliable, particularly in those subjects with a small strength deficit which are difficult to be noted by clinical evaluation.

A Review on Role of Tongue in Malocclusion

Tongue is the most agile, versatile appendage in the body. It is the largest organ of the oral cavity. Dental arches are enveloped on both the sides by muscular tissues. Tongue alone counteracts various buccal forces exerted by cheek and lip musculature. Precise balance between these forces is utmost importance for normal inter and intra arch relationship. The unstable forces induced by abnormal functions such as mouth breathing, tongue thrust, swallowing and unilateral chewing and abnormal postures of oral circumferential muscles such as forward tongue thrust, tongue biting, low tongue at rest were correlated with varieties of malocclusion. Thus it is necessary for proper understanding of these structures. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of tongue in malocclusion.

Baseline Tongue Parameters in Normodivergent Skeletal Class I South Indian Subjects

Aims and objectives: A thorough knowledge about dimensions, volume and position of tongue is important during diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion. This study was aimed at providing a baseline data for dimensions and position of tongue in skeletal and dental Class I relationship. Materials and methods: Data regarding tongue length, height and position of tongue was obtained from records of healthy normodivergent South Indian adult patients with skeletal and dental Class I relationship (30 males and 30 females). Mean and standard deviation was done using t- test. Sexual differentiation was tested using student t-test. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the parameters with other reported studies. Levene's test for equality of variance and t-test for equality of means was also done. Results: Average tongue length was 73.16 mm for males and 70.72 mm for females. Average tongue height was 36.92 mm for males and 35 mm for females. In male, tongue was positioned 8.04 mm away from palate and 13.04 mm away from the posterior pharyngeal wall whereas in female, it was positioned 7.92 mm away from palate and 15.64 mm away from the posterior pharyngeal wall. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference in tongue length and height was found between males and females. Additionally, it was observed that in females, the tongue was situated more anteriorly and occupied a higher position in the palatal dome as compared to males. Results of this study will help in understanding the role of tongue in etiology of malocclusion and its application in orthodontics.

The Role of Tongues in Luke-Acts

The Role of Tongues in Luke-Acts

Anatomy of the feeding apparatus of hoopoe—Upupa epops epops Linnaeus

The feeding behaviour of Hoopoe is peculiar. It captures its insect food by “gaping”. During this operation the bill is first kept closed, then it is driven into the ground. Later the bill is opened against the resistance of earth and the insect food is captured. A study of the functional anatomy of the feeding apparatus of the bird was undertaken to find out the advantageous modifications of skull and the different sets of the muscles which open and close the jaws. The main emphasis was given on the myology of the feeding apparatus. The development of muscles, nature of muscles, their origins and insertions were studied in considerable details. Along with the jaw muscles, tongue muscles and the role of tongue was also studied.