Role Of Ties Research Articles

Social capital and immigrant wealth inequality: Visa sponsorship and the role of ties, education, and race/ethnicity

This paper examines how immigrants’ social capital affects their wealth holdings in the United States. I conceptualize visa sponsorship as a form of social capital and focus on three important factors – strength of ties, educational attainment, and race/ethnicity – that shape the relationship between immigrants’ social capital and wealth. I use the New Immigrant Survey and find that the relationship between visa sponsorship and wealth differs both by the strength of an immigrants’ tie to their network and their education. Notably, race/ethnicity only consistently stratifies the wealth of immigrants with employment sponsorship. Taken together, these results provide unique insight into immigrants’ economic integration in the United States and point to immigrants’ social capital as an important mechanism for wealth inequality.

The Role of Ties and Structural Holes in the Buyer’s Performance across Vertical Marketing Channel Systems: A Triadic Perspective

This article investigates how a vendor’s networks with suppliers influence a buyer’s performance in the buyervendor-supplier triad. We suggest that a buyer’s performance (information benefits and adaptation) will be enhanced when a vendor has strong ties with suppliers in terms of tie intensity, tie valence, and the number of ties. Intensive, cooperative and numerous ties between vendor and suppliers will facilitate information and resource flow and, in turn, provide the buyer with information embedded in networks. Thus, the buyer’s adaptation and information benefits will be increased through the vendor’s networks. Using the structural holes theory, this article also draws considerable attention to the moderating role of the vendor’s structural holes. Structural holes enable the parties to access novel information, which does not overlap. When a vendor bridges structural holes between suppliers and buyer, the buyer will take advantage of new and diverse information derived from the suppliers. Therefore, the presence of structural holes will increase the degree to which the vendor’s network with suppliers influences the buyer’s performance.

Strategy-proof contract auctions and the role of ties

A contract auction establishes a contract between a center and one of the bidders. As contracts may describe many terms, preferences over contracts typically display indifferences. The Qualitative Vickrey Auction (QVA) selects the best contract for the winner that is at least as good for the center as any of the contracts offered by the non-winning players. When each bidder can always offer a contract with higher utility for the center at an arbitrarily small loss of her own utility, the QVA is the only mechanism that is individually rational, strategy-proof, selects stable outcomes, and is Pareto efficient. For general continuous utility functions, a variant of the QVA involving fixed tie-breaking is strategy-proof and also selects stable outcomes. However, there is no mechanism in this setting that in addition also selects Pareto efficient outcomes.

Embeddedness: An Exploratory Investigation of the Role of Ties in Social Venture Formation

This paper describes a socially embedded approach to social entrepreneurship taken in response to recent critics who argue that the field, because of an undue focus on the traits of individuals, has paid insufficient attention to the social networks of individuals (Dacin, Dacin & Tracey, 2011). We conducted a three-month ethnographic study of Opus, an infant social venture dedicated to saving printed books in a digital world where they are devalued and discarded. The founders of Opus hope to avoid the destruction of economic value by enabling people to freely take donated books that might have otherwise been thrown away. This also contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing strain on limited landfill space. In addition, Opus enhances the social fabric of the local community by creating culturally embedded relationships among printed book lovers. The birth of Opus sheds light on the visioning and development of social ventures united by a common purpose but with limited funds and other resources. Our findings may resonate with those who find themselves in similar situations or are contemplating similar initiatives and may help dispel some common myths about organization formation and planning.

The Design and Optimization of Optic Fiber Isolation Amplifiers for EAST Quench Detection System

Quench detection signals could associated with several thousands high volts to ground at some fault cases during EAST operation process .Detection system should be withstood 10 kV to ground and isolated with followed control units safety according to the design standards.Optical fiber amplifiers could be isolated high volts with control units and also eliminated noise effectively in long-distant transmission. The following optimization design had been realized to improve their electrical performance greatly .The design principles & the following optimization design of the amplifiers and related experiments results had been covered in the paper. Amplifier is the loss of the protection unit of the top class of ultra-protection, the voltage signal to the cable in a superconducting device voltage is very small, once quench 10KV high-voltage ground, if you do not take the high pressure and isolation of high-handed measures,strong high pressure will bash our class after the second compensation equipment, hardware equipment and acquisition system, power supply circuit, the amplifier performance stability, reliability and lasting protection play a crucial role in the loss of ultra-protection system, it acts as a striker's role, to play the role of ties also signal down-level transmission.

Foreign investors, political ties, and corporate governance reform in emerging economies

We examine how politically connected firms in stakeholder systems respond to foreign investors' demand in adopting shareholder-oriented corporate governance practices, focusing on firms' appointment of independent directors and filing of financial restatements in Taiwan. We found the dual effect of political ties to buffer firms from external pressure by providing access to resource, as well as the facilitating role of ties in governance reform. We further disentangle these two mechanisms by examining the boundary conditions under which these effects are more pronounced, focusing on the resource provision of political ties and the incentive structure within the firm.

Innovation search of new ventures in a technology cluster: the role of ties with service intermediaries

AbstractIn this study, we examine the relationships between new ventures' ties with service intermediaries (i.e., technology service firms, accounting and financial service firms, law firms, and talent search firms) and their product innovation in the context of a technology cluster. Because service intermediaries sit at the intersection of many firms, organizations and industries, they maintain extensive networks in a cluster. We propose that new ventures' ties with service intermediaries enable the ventures to plug into these networks and contribute to the ventures' product innovation by broadening the scope of their external innovation search and reducing their search cost. Moreover, we argue that the positive relationships between new ventures' ties with service intermediaries and their product innovation will become stronger when search in the networks in the cluster is more important to the ventures' product innovation. Based upon a sample of new ventures in a technology cluster in China, our results support these arguments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Workplaces as communities: The role of social networks in who seeks, gives, and accepts information on justice issues

This article examines individuals in a community as defined by their membership in an organization. In such a setting, individuals often make use of their social contacts to make sense of events in the organization. Yet, the organizational justice literature is generally silent on how these contacts shape information seeking, volunteering, and acceptance. Using a social network perspective, we found that expressive ties were positively related to information seeking, volunteering, and acceptance for both procedural and interactional justice issues. Instrumental ties were related to all dependent variables for procedural justice issues but only related to information seeking for interactional justice issues. The role of ties and networks in information flow is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Role, Use and Activation of Strong and Weak Network Ties: A Qualitative Analysis*

abstract A characteristic of studies seeking to explain the structure and operation of networks is the use of Granovetter's strong and weak tie hypothesis. Whilst this hypothesis has become an established paradigm, questions and disagreements arise over its applicability at demonstrating the real use and value of each tie. This study extends the work of Granovetter. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach to explore in‐depth the networking activities of fourteen respondents, it aims to enhance understanding about the role of ties, how they are used and activated for business activity. Findings demonstrate that it is strong ties that are instrumental for business activity and used extensively to provide knowledge and information but also to maintain, extend and enhance business and personal reputations. Unless activities require their reactivation and manifestation, strong ties remain latent and dormant within the network. Strong ties also provide the mechanism to invoke ‘weak’ ties, represented by nodes operating in a wider social context.