Role Of Stress In Development Research Articles

Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients

Diabetes Nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus and the most common cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) worldwide. Hyperglycemia, a well recognized pathogentic factor of long term complications of Diabetes Mellitus, generates ROS. This attenuates antioxidative mechanisms through glycation of the scavenging enzymes. Excess amount of ROS modulate activation of protein kinaseC, mitogin activated protien kinares and various cytokines and transcription factors which eventually cause increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes with progression of fibrosis and end stage renal disease. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate oxidant and antioxidant status in Diabetic patients for manifesting the progression to diabetic nephropathy.

Role of stress in development of cardiovascular pathology in extreme professions

Psychoemotional stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. Neurohumoral mechanisms are involved in the development of hypertensive reactions to stress. The severity of stress reactions depends on the stress resistance of people. The study of stress resistance is carried out in industrial sectors associated with the impact of professional psycho-emotional stress. Studies in locomotive drivers reveal a high level of cardiovascular disease. Stress helps to reduce vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency helps reduce stress resistance. Studies conducted among locomotive drivers have revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, requiring medical correction.

Blood pressure regulation in stress: focus on nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms.

Stress is considered a risk factor associated with the development of various civilization diseases including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors and mental disorders. Research investigating mechanisms involved in stress-induced hypertension have attracted much attention of physicians and researchers, however, there are still ambiguous results concerning a causal relationship between stress and long-term elevation of blood pressure (BP). Several studies have observed that mechanisms involved in the development of stress-induced hypertension include increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), glucocorticoid (GC) overload and altered endothelial function including decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Nitric oxide is well known neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and vasodilator involved in regulation of neuroendocrine mechanisms and cardiovascular responses to stressors. Thus NO plays a crucial role in the regulation of the stress systems and thereby in the BP regulation in stress. Elevated NO synthesis, especially in the initial phase of stress, may be considered a stress-limiting mechanism, facilitating the recovery from stress to the resting levels via attenuation of both GC release and SNS activity as well as by increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation. On the other hand, reduced levels of NO were observed in the later phases of stress and in subjects with genetic predisposition to hypertension, irrespectively, in which reduced NO bioavailability may account for disruption of NO-mediated BP regulatory mechanisms and accentuated SNS and GC effects. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of stress in development of hypertension with a special focus on the interactions among NO and other biological systems affecting blood pressure and vascular function.

The role of oxidative stress in development of Parkinsonian-like states

The role of oxidative stress in development of Parkinsonian-like states