Role Of Sport Participation Research Articles

Does sports participation affect the mediating role of impulsivity in the association between adverse childhood experiences and aggression?

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-reported aggression have often been associated, however, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. In addition, less is known about potential factors that could serve as protection against the development of aggressive behavior. In this study, we investigated a moderated mediation model of sports participation and five impulsivity traits including positive and negative urgency, sensation seeking, and lack of premeditation and perseverance, in the association between ACEs and two forms of aggression. The sample comprised 651 (68.5% females) individuals from a Dutch community ranging in age from 18 to 82 years (M = 34.08). Contrary to our expectations, sports participation did not affect the associations of ACEs, the five impulsivity traits, and reactive and proactive aggression, except the association between ACEs and lack of premeditation. Specifically, the detrimental effect of ACEs on the propensity to act without thinking, increases among individuals with lower levels of sports participation. In addition, it was also found that sports participation directly contributed to higher levels of sensation seeking. Finally, after controlling for sociodemographic variables, the positive association between ACEs and reactive aggression was significantly mediated by negative urgency, lack of perseverance, and lack of premeditation, while the positive association between ACEs and proactive aggression was significantly mediated by lack of premeditation and positive urgency. The findings of this study add to the body of knowledge about the role of sports participation and impulsivity traits in the development of both forms of aggression, however, replication studies among multiple populations are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

Role of Sport Participation in Youth Experience, Youth Development and Life Satisfaction

Role of Sport Participation in Youth Experience, Youth Development and Life Satisfaction

Do differences in sport participation contribute to socioeconomic health inequalities? Evidence from the Lifelines cohort study on all-cause mortality, diabetes and obesity

Little is known about the role of sport participation in socioeconomic health inequalities. We studied the association between different aspects of sport participation with all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, including inequalities between socioeconomic subpopulations. Using the Dutch Lifelines cohort study (n = 84,230), we assessed the associations of sport participation, as well as the amount, intensity, type and number of sports, with all-cause mortality, T2DM and obesity in individuals. We studied the effect of sport participation on health outcomes within and between educational categories. Outcomes were compared with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Sport participation was significantly associated with lower mortality (HR = 0.81), T2DM (HR = 0.70), and obesity (HR = 0.77). No significant additional effects of the amount or intensity of sport participation were found, while participating in teams sport was associated with significantly lower mortality (HR = 0.53) compared with other types of sport. These effects were similar among educational categories. Sport participation explained between 11% (T2DM and obesity) and 22% (mortality) of health inequalities between educational categories. This was more than twice the effect size of MVPA. The sensitivity analysis with net income as the socioeconomic indicator showed similar results. Our results suggest that to reduce socioeconomic differences in health, public health policies should focus on increasing sport participation in groups with a low socioeconomic status, rather than increasing the amount or intensity of sport participation, or MVPA in general.

The Role of Sports Participation in Technology Addiction, School Engagement, and Academic Procrastination Among High School Students

Bu araştırma lisanslı olarak spor yapan ve spor yapmayan öğrencilerinin teknoloji bağımlılığı, okula bağlılık ve akademik erteleme düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem gurubunu, 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim döneminde Diyarbakır ili Ergani ilçesi, Milli Eğitim bakanlığına bağlı liselerde öğrenim gören gönüllü 310 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak katılımcıların demografik bilgilerine ilişkin soruların yer aldığı form; Aydın (2017) tarafından geliştirilen teknoloji bağımlılığı ölçeği, Çakıcı (2003) tarafından geliştirilen akademik erteleme ölçeği ve Çengel, Totan ve Çöğme (2017) tarafında Türkçeye uyarlanan okula bağlılık ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve anlamlılık derecesi 0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Verilerin normallik dağılımları test sonuçlarına göre, normal dağılım gösteren verilerin analizlerinde bağımsız değişkenlerin ikili karşılaştırmaları için T testi, çoklu karşılaştırmaları için ise Anova analizi yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında farklılık bulunması durumunda ise bu farklılığın hangi grup veya gruplardan kaynaklandığını belirleyebilmek üzere ise Post-Hoc testlerinden homojenlik sonuçlarına göre LSD ve Dunnet T3 testleri kullanılmıştır. Lisanslı sporcuların akademik erteleme puanlarının spor yapmayan öğrencilere göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Akademik ortalaması düşük olan öğrencilerin teknolojik bağımlılıklarının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Teknoloji bağımlılığı arttıkça okula bağlılık düzeylerinin de azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca korelasyon sonucuna göre teknoloji bağımlılığı arttıkça akademik erteleme düzeylerinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

The role of sport participation on exercise self-efficacy, psychological need satisfaction, and resilience among college freshmen

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between high school sport participation among university students and whether previous sports participation was associated with current levels of exercise-self efficacy, resilience, and psychological need satisfaction physical activity behaviors. Participants: College freshmen (n = 152) in the United States responded to an electronic survey sent out by their university. Methods: Participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing resilience, psychological need satisfaction in exercise, self-efficacy, and current PA. Results: Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, independent samples t-tests, and ordinary least squares regression modeling were used. Total PA and having met moderate PA guidelines were both associated with exercise SE and PNSE. HS GPA, total PA, and being a college athlete were associated with both resilience and exercise SE. Conclusions: Sport participation may serve as an effective method for students to develop exercise SE, resilience, and PNSE. The development of these skills may support lifelong PA behaviors.

The role of sports participation in the association between students’ body image concerns and disordered eating

Background. Body image concerns (BICs) negatively influence young people’s health as they mutilate psychosocial functioning and lifestyle. The present study aimed to compare BICs, socio-cultural attitudes towards appearance, and disordered eating (DE) in a large sample of student women and men of different body mass (BMI) and physical activity and to evaluate the mediating role of sports participation in the association between BICs and DE.
 Methods. A total sample of 1850 students (1087 or 58.8% were women, average age 21.6 ± 5.0 years) participated in the study and completed a questionnaire measuring BICs, internalization of the socio-cultural appearance ideals, drive for muscularity, DE, physical activity (PA), and BMI. Two hundred eighty-two men and two hundred eighty-eight women reported leisure-time participation in sports. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to test gender, BMI group, and sports participation effects on study variables. Moderated leisure-time exercise at a sports club effects were tested in the association between body image concerns (BICs) and disordered eating behaviours (DE).
 Results. Overweight/obese students reported greater BICs, internalization of the stereotyped appearance ideals, and DE compared to students of normal body weight. Participants of sports clubs demonstrated higher appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction; however, they reported higher overweight preoccupation, internalization of socio-cultural ideals, drive for muscularity (men), and DE. A higher level of BMI, BICs, internalization of socio-cultural body ideals, and drive for muscularity (in men) were associated with greater DE in students. Participation in sports was not a significant moderator between BICs and DE. A significant interaction effect between BMI and exercising at a sports club was observed in women. Conditional effects demonstrated that female students with higher BMI and exercising at a sports club were at higher risk of DE (β = .18, p < .001) than women non-exercising at a sports club (β = .13, p < .001).
 Conclusions. Overweight students of both genders reported greater BICs and DE. Sports-involved students (men and women) demonstrated more favourable body appearance evaluation. However, sports participants of both genders demonstrated greater BICs and DE compared to non-exercisers. Sports participation had no significant mediating power on the associations between BICs and DE; however, women with higher BMI and participating in leisure-time sports faced a greater risk for DE than women with higher BMI but not participating in sports. The promotion of a positive body image was important to students, especially female students with higher BMI and participating in leisure sports.
 Keywords: body image concerns, disordered eating, physical activity, sport clubs, emerging adults.

School engagement, self-esteem, and depression of adolescents: The role of sport participation and volunteering activity and gender differences

Using a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model, this study examined the relationships between school engagement, self-esteem, and depression in adolescents and concurrently evaluated the effects of covariates, including adolescents’ sport participation, volunteering activity, and gender, on the study variables. A sample of adolescents (N = 273) was drawn from the data collected by the Youth Development Study (ages 11–18). Results provided evidence for the full mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between school engagement and (low) depression in the presence of the covariates. Among the covariates, sport participation was a significant predictor of self-esteem, whereas volunteering activity was a significant predictor of school engagement. Male gender was significantly associated with self-esteem, and female gender was positively associated with school engagement. The results demonstrated no significant gender differences in depression. These findings highlight the important role of extracurricular activities (i.e., sport participation and volunteering activity) in reducing depressive symptoms by enhancing school engagement and self-esteem and suggest that schools and community organizations develop effective strategies for attracting and sustaining adolescents’ participation in their after-school programs.

The role of sports participation on graduate employability

Youth unemployment around the world poses a major challenge to today’s societies. One of the basic functions of education is to cultivate people to meet the needs of the labour market. Employability has been a challenge for graduates of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) due to their failure to meet the current labour market expectations. Human capital theory assumes that education determines the marginal productivity of labour, and that marginal productivity determines earnings. Those who attend university and obtain graduate-level status will, according to the theory, reap benefits for themselves and for the wider society, due to the skills and knowledge they can offer. Secondary data was used to collect data from various published sources. It was found that engagement in sport is viewed as a sound investment from the perspectives of various groups, with examples highlighting how sport provided ‘added value’ beyond subject-specific qualifications. Skills that graduates described that they had gained from sport were the same skills that employers said that they were looking for in prospective employees. Despite the importance of sports students are facing a number of challenges when wishing to engage themselves in sports. Keywords: Sports participation, Graduate employability, Unemployment.

The role of sport participation and body mass index in predicting motor competence of school-age children

Purpose: Our goal was to investigate the association between sport participation (SP) and motor competence (MC), and to assess the mediation role of body mass index (BMI) on this association. Method: 707 children (332 boys, 375 girls) aged between 6- to 10 years participated in the study. MC was assessed using the BOT-2. Parents were asked about organized SP, and BMI was calculated based on the child’s height and weight. Results: Our findings showed that SP was associated with MC, and BMI was not an important factor in these relationships. However, a small mediation of BMI was found, but only for obese children. Conclusion: In summary, that sport participation plays a relevant role in the development of motor competence in school-age children, and that association is, in general, not mediated by weight status.

Does organized sport participation during youth predict healthy habits in adulthood? A 28-year longitudinal study.

Health behaviors in youth can predict the same behaviors later in life, but the role of sport participation in predicting healthy lifestyle habits is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between participation in organized youth sport and adult healthy lifestyle habits. Data from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) with a 28-year follow-up were used. The participation in sport-club training sessions was self-reported by 9-18-year-olds in 1983 and 1986 (n=1285). During 2011, participants (aged 37-43-year old) reported their smoking status, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. Odd ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression, to examine how participation in organized youth sport was associated with having three or four versus fewer (0-2) healthy habits in adulthood. Participants who were active in youth sport in both 1983 and 1986 had almost two times greater odds of having three or four healthy habits in adulthood than those who were not active at both time points (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.11-2.76). When the analyses were stratified by sex, the findings were statistically significant among women (OR: 2.13, 95%Cl: 1.13-3.99) but not men (OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.63-2.58). The results suggest that participation in organized youth sport could promote healthy lifestyle choices.

How young adults reflect on the role of sport in their socially vulnerable childhood

Participation in sport has often been related to positive developmental outcomes for socially vulnerable youth. However, we know very little about the role of sports participation in a socially vulnerable childhood. Taking a life-course perspective, we conducted interviews with 10 young adults to reflect on their socially vulnerable childhood and the role of sport in their lives. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, we discovered that four different roles of sports participation in a socially vulnerable childhood could be discerned. First of all, sports participation offered youths a safe place that allowed them to escape the struggles they faced in everyday life and that provided them with support, appreciation and feedback that they did not find in other life domains. Secondly, sports participation offered learning experiences that contributed to valuable insights about themselves or the world around them. Thirdly, sport could be an instrument to reach goals and as such sport became a resource in itself. Fourthly, sports participation could fulfil a purpose in life for socially vulnerable youth and become an important part of their identity. The participants’ accounts showed how sports participation filled a specific gap in their lives and they mostly shared positive experiences. However, the participants’ accounts also indicated the potentiality of sport to instigate a negative spiral of vulnerability, and therefore we have to remain critical towards the value of sports as a tool for positive youth development.

Supporting the Basic Psychological Needs of Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities

A subtheory of self-determination theory, basic needs theory (BNT), examines the ways in which social-environmental factors interact with athletes' physical and psychological wellness. When the three psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) identified in BNT are met in a sport setting, athletes' perceptions of well-being and motivation can be predicted to rise. Despite extensive research focused on the basic psychological needs of neurotypical athletes, little research has been conducted to investigate the role of sport participation in the self-concept and perceived competency of people with intellectual disabilities. In an effort to begin to fill this knowledge gap, this article presents an overview of the psychological needs identified in BNT, as well as suggestions for ways in which coaches of athletes with intellectual disabilities can support their athletes' feelings of autonomy, competence and relatedness.

The Correlation between Women’s Body Image Satisfaction and Demographic Factors Considering the Role of Sport Participation

The Correlation between Women’s Body Image Satisfaction and Demographic Factors Considering the Role of Sport Participation

Playing to win or trying your best: Media represtations of national anxieties over the role of sport participation during the 2002 Commonwealth Games

In the last few years, growing concern has emerged in New Zealand sport about the shift towards a more commercial or professionalised model of sport and away from a mass participation-based model. In the midst of a relatively intense period of debate and concern over this change in direction, the 2002 Commonwealth Games took place in Manchester, England. In this article, we analyse how media coverage of the Games articulated with the broader public debate over the direction of New Zealand sport. Grounded in the assumption that the media both reflects and impacts on public understandings of cultural issues, we believe this analysis of coverage of the Games reveals a profound ambivalence over a more professionalised model of sport and points to an unwillingness to give up traditional values of sports participation in order to win. We explore how this debate articulates with current tensions in the realm of Physical Education and suggest that health and physical educators have an important role to play in challenging current pressures towards a win-at-all-costs approach to sport.

Resilience in Competitive Athletes With Spinal Cord Injury

Individuals who experience loss of their physical abilities often face the challenges of adapting to a new way of life. Past research has shown that sport participation can assist the physical and psychological adaptation to acquired physical disabilities. The purposes of our study were to examine the following: (a) the resilience process of sport participants with acquired spinal cord injury, and (b) the role of sport participation in the resilience process. We conducted semistructured phenomenological interviews with 12 male quadriplegic wheelchair rugby players. Results show that the development of resilience is a multifactorial process involving pre-existing factors and pre-adversity experiences, disturbance/disturbing emotions, various types and sources of social support, special opportunities and experiences, various behavioral and cognitive coping strategies, motivation to adapt to changes, and learned attributes or gains from the resilience process. We discuss implications for future research and practice.

Role of Sport Participation and Physical Education on Physical Activity

Role of Sport Participation and Physical Education on Physical Activity