Role Of Ultrasound Research Articles

SDMS CME Credit – The Role of Sonography in the Case of Congenital Uterine Abnormality: Potential for an Improved Pregnancy Outcome

SDMS CME Credit – The Role of Sonography in the Case of Congenital Uterine Abnormality: Potential for an Improved Pregnancy Outcome

Role of Ultrasonography and Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy Parameters in Decision Making Regarding Performance of Pyeloplasty in Children with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Role of Ultrasonography and Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy Parameters in Decision Making Regarding Performance of Pyeloplasty in Children with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

The Role of Sonography in the Case of Congenital Uterine Abnormality: Potential for an Improved Pregnancy Outcome

Three-dimensional (3D) sonography is a valuable imaging technique to evaluate the uterus and distinguish the different types of congenital uterine abnormalities. The provided case series demonstrates the unique diagnostic patient findings of a bicornuate uterus and an incompetent cervix. The patient presented over a series of multiple pregnancies that used cervical cerclage, to achieve an improved maternal-fetal outcome. In this patient, her uterine anomaly was diagnosed prior to pregnancy. During each gestation, close diagnostic attention was paid to the shape of the uterus, the location of the gestational, and the cervical length, by using transvaginal sonography. This imaging surveillance played an important diagnostic role in providing a better patient outcome for the patient’s multiple pregnancies. Continued research into the use of 3D sonography, for this specific diagnostic application, is needed to accelerate its use in determining the specific location of gestational sac(s).

Unlocking safety: Ultrasound's role in tracheostomy

Ultrasound imaging has become a valuable tool in Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy (PDT), aiding in airway assessment and management. However, the risk of complications, including bleeding, highlights the importance of careful pre-procedural evaluation and management to ensure patient safety. A 75-year-old female with hypoxic encephalopathy required prolonged mechanical ventilation and was scheduled for PDT. Prior to the procedure, ultrasound identified two vascular structures anterior to the laryngotracheal region, prompting consultation with the ENT surgery department and cancellation of the procedure at the bedside. Subsequent tracheostomy in the operating room proceeded without incident.

Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Ovarian Lesions and Correlation with Histopathological Findings

Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Ovarian Lesions and Correlation with Histopathological Findings

Role of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Diseases: A Single Centre Experience

Role of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Diseases: A Single Centre Experience

The Role of Ultrasonography in the Discrimination of Reactive Lymphadenopathy in Children

The Role of Ultrasonography in the Discrimination of Reactive Lymphadenopathy in Children

Assessing the Predictive Value of Combining Risk Scoring Systems and Ultrasonography for Short-Term Adverse Outcomes in Syncope: A Prospective Observational Study

BackgroundIn the emergency department (ED), the role of ultrasonography (USG) in risk stratification and predicting adverse events in syncope patients is a current research area. However, it is still unclear how ultrasound can be combined with existing risk scores. ObjectivesIn this study, it was aimed to examine the contribution of the use of bedside USG to current risk scores in the evaluation of patients presenting to the ED with syncope. The predictive values of the combined use of USG and risk scores for adverse outcomes at 7 and 30 days were examined. MethodsThe Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS), San Francisco syncope rules (SFSR), USG findings of carotid and deep venous structures, and echocardiography results were recorded for patients presenting with syncope. Parameters showing significance in the 7-day and 30-day adverse outcome groups were utilized to create new scores termed CSRS-USG and SFSR-USG. Predictive values were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The difference between the predictive values was evaluated with the DeLong test. ResultsThe study was carried out with 137 participants. Adverse outcomes were observed in 45 participants (32.8%) within 30 days. 32 (71.7%) of the adverse outcomes were in the first 7 days. For 30-day adverse outcomes, the SFSR-USG (p = 0.001) and CSRS-USG (p = 0.038) scores had better predictive accuracy compared to SFSR and CSRS, respectively. However, there was no significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity values. ConclusionThe use of USG in the evaluation of syncope patients did not result in significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity values for predicting adverse events. However, larger sample-sized studies are needed to understand its potential contributions better.

The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Functional Dyspepsia

Abstract Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a syndrome mostly diagnosed by subjective patients’ symptoms after excluding organic, systemic and metabolic diseases. Aim: The goal of this study is to evaluate gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia, by measuring the antral area (cm2) after the intake of a test meal using ultrasonography as an objective and widely applicable method. Material and Methods: This study included 30 patients (mean age of 46.53 ±9.73 years) with symptoms of FD according to the ROMA IV criteria and 30 healthy individuals (mean age of 42.87 ±4.42 years). A 5 MHz ultrasound probe was used to measure the stomach antral area at 6 different time points: in the fasting state, following the meal intake at 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandially. Results: The antral area was statistically significantly larger after a 30-minute postprandial period in patients with FD comparing to healthy controls (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of gastric emptying at 120 minutes in patients with functional dyspepsia, compared to healthy subjects (p <0.01). Patients with postprandial distress syndrome had the average value of gastric emptying 48.25 compared to 56.09 in patients with epigastric pain syndrome (p <0.05). The slowest emptying was observed in patients with nausea and postprandial fullness (p <0.05). Conclusion: Functional dyspepsia is associated with delayed gastric emptying. Using ultrasonography to measure the antral area helps us to assess gastric emptying and therefore to assess patients with functional dyspepsia. The antral area was significantly larger in patients with functional dyspepsia compared to healthy subjects after the test meal, suggesting slower gastric emptying in the dyspeptic patients. Since the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is based mostly on diverse patients’ symptoms, using ultrasonography to measure the antral area helps us to objectively assess this problem.

Role of ultrasonography (USG) and color Doppler in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and its association with USG-guided FNAC - A cross-sectional study.

Thyroid diseases affect approximately 42 million people in India. The majority (15%-40%) of these cases remain asymptomatic and benign and warrant special investigations such as ultrasonography (USG) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosis. Early diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders determine the disease course in many patients. To determine the role of USG and color Doppler in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and its association with USG-guided FNAC. We did a cross-sectional analytical study over 2 years, where we recruited 108 patients with thyroid swelling attending the OPD. We used a semi-structured data collection proforma that captured information on sociodemographic details, clinical symptoms, physical examination, and all ne cessary laboratory investigations. All patients underwent USG, color Doppler, and FNAC as a part of the investigation of thyroid nodules. The diagnostic value of ultrasound and Doppler parameters was assessed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for detection of malignancy in comparison to FNAC. Approximately 155 nodules were identified from the selected 108 cases, and the prevalence of malignancy among the selected thyroid nodule patients was found to be 9.1%. We observed that malignant tumors were likely to be solitary with lobulated margins, >2 cm in size with <50% peripheral halo, with markedly hypoechoic, predominantly solid, with nodal involvement and extrathyroidal extension, microcalcifications, and central vascularity. We also observed that tumors that had USG characteristics of being taller than wide (91%), poorly defined margins (92%), marked hypoechoic (95%), and microcalcifications (96%) had the highest diagnostic accuracy in detecting malignancy when compared to FNAC. Thus, through our study findings, we conclude that USG and color Doppler can serve as vital tools for the evaluation of thyroid nodules with high sensitivity and specificity.

Antenatal Diagnosis of Vesicocolic Fistula

AbstractUrorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by lack of perineal or anal opening, external genital defects, and various urogenital and colonic abnormalities. This condition results from deficient separation of the cloaca and the failure of the membrane to rupture. Here, we present a unique case of URSMS with prenatal diagnosis, which is extremely challenging to identify before birth. Prenatal ultrasonography revealed the presence of intraluminal enterolithiasis in the sigmoid colon, indicating high anal atresia and a vesicocolic fistula. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by clinical examination and ascending cystourethrogram. This case highlights the importance of prenatal screening in detecting rare congenital anomalies, and the role of ultrasonography in distinguishing enterolithiasis from other conditions. Moreover, it underscores the significance of precise fistula location determination for optimal neonatal management of anorectal malformations.

The Role of Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of the Adherent Placenta: An Observational Study.

Introduction Placenta accreta is an important factor responsible for maternal morbidity and mortality and is commonly associated with emergent postpartum hysterectomy. The precise prenatal diagnosis of affected pregnancies allows optimal obstetric management. Ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the only diagnostic modalities available for the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta. Objective This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of USG and MRI in diagnosing adherent placenta. Methods Thirty females with placenta previa or a history of previous cesarean sections were evaluated with USG at 28-30 weeks, followed by MRI. The findings of USG and MRI were compared with the intra-operative findings (gold standard) as determined at surgery and by pathological examination. Results Abnormal bridging vessel (n = 24; 80%) was the most common finding seen on USG, whereas abnormal bulge (n = 22; 73.3%) and heterogenous placenta (n = 21; 70%) were the most common findings seen on MRI. The sensitivity of USG and MRI was in the range of 86.7%-92.9% and 92.9%-100%, respectively, in diagnosing three types of adherent placenta. The positive predictive values (PPV) of USG and MRI were in the range of 86.7%-86.7%and93.8%-100%, respectively, in diagnosing three types of adherent placenta. The accuracy of USG and MRI was in the range of 86.7%-96.7% and 96.7%-100%, respectively, in diagnosing three types of adherent placenta. Conclusion MRI helps to accurately classify placental invasion according to depth, as can be seen from the results of the present study, where the MRI technique was more accurate in diagnosing three types of adherent placenta.

The Role of Ultrasonography in Diagnosing and Managing Sialolithiasis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract Sialolith-induced obstructive sialadenitis is a commonly encountered clinical scenario, yet the variations in the size and location of the stone can complicate immediate clinical assessment. Utilizing dynamic ultrasound imaging along with specific structural markers can provide valuable, immediate objective evidence in diagnosing submandibular sialolithiasis. This initial ultrasound evaluation streamlines the decision-making process by facilitating the timely scheduling of confirmatory computed tomography scans and guiding subsequent surgical interventions. This case report illustrates how in-office ultrasonography expedited the diagnosis and subsequent surgical decision-making process for submandibular sialolithiasis within a span of just 1 week.

The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Systemic Sarcoidosis: a Case Report and Literature Review

The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Systemic Sarcoidosis: a Case Report and Literature Review

A Case Report of Metal Induced MRI Accident and Diagnosis by Ultrasonography

Dental radiology has shown great developments in recent years. In addition to conventional radiography techniques, advanced imaging techniques are frequently used in dental radiology when necessary. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an advanced imaging technique that is frequently used because of its high soft tissue resolution and no risk of ionizing radiation. However, it should be noted that MRI also has some risks. Ultrasonography (USG) is a very useful technique for imaging foreign bodies especially superficial ones. The purpose of this case report was to present the USG diagnosis and subsequent surgical removal of a metallic foreign body that interferes with MRI in a cheek of 40 years old female. At the same time, it was aimed to draw attention to the disadvantages of metals for MRI and the role of USG in detecting superficial foreign bodies.

Assessment of Computed Tomography and Ultrasonography in Detection of Ureteric Calculi

Background: Urolithiasis, a common urological condition, presents diagnostic challenges. While CT scans are considered the gold standard for detecting ureteric calculi, the role of ultrasonography is also significant, especially in varied clinical scenarios. Objective: This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography compared to CT scans in the detection of ureteric calculi. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 200 patients at the Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar. Participants included males and females aged 18-60 years, presenting with acute renal pain. Exclusion criteria included individuals without informed consent, multiple comorbidities, a history of kidney donations, or a family history of renal calculi. Ultrasonography was performed using an Ecoste Mylab 7 color Doppler machine with 3.5, 5, and 7.5 MHz probes. CT scans were conducted using the Siemens CT Somatom Sensation 64, without the administration of any contrast medium. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Ultrasonography detected ureteric calculi in 33% of patients (66 calculi), while CT scans detected 60% (118 calculi). The breakdown of calculi location for ultrasonography included 20 renal, 15 pelvic ureteric junction, 12 upper ureter, 8 lower ureter, 7 vesicoureteric junction obstruction, and 4 bladder. CT scan results showed 45 renal, 25 pelvic ureteric junction, 20 upper ureter, 11 lower ureter, 9 vesicoureteric junction obstruction, and 8 bladder calculi. The gender distribution in the study was 55% male and 45% female, with the mean age being 35 ± 16.79 years for males and 36 ± 17.24 years for females. The most common presenting complaints were flank pain (36%), lower back pain (25%), and burning micturition (15%). Conclusion: CT scans exhibit higher diagnostic accuracy for ureteric calculi compared to ultrasonography, thus reaffirming their role as the gold standard in this context. However, the radiation risks and economic implications of CT scanning necessitate a balanced approach to its use, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive patient evaluation and physician awareness of radiation risks.

Role of Sonography in the Assessment of Dengue Fever with Serological Correlation

Objective: To assess ultrasound findings and their correlation with hematological parameters in patients with serologically confirmed Dengue Fever (DF).Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Medicine of Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from April 2022 to July 2022.Methods: All participants in this study were serologically confirmed to have dengue disease. Each participant underwent chest, abdomen, and pelvis ultrasound examinations and a complete blood count (CBC). Both descriptive and analytic factors were analyzed statistically. Chi-Square / Fisher exact tests were employed to determine the connection between variables. A p-value less than (0.05) was statistically significant.Results: 166 individuals with Dengue NS-1 antigen positive with a mean age of 35.77±11.13 years were included in this research. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of admission was 7.32± 1.86 days, and the average duration of hospital stay was 6.69± 2.01 days. Edema of the gallbladder wall was noticed in 67 (40.36%) of patients, whereas hepatomegaly was observed in 82 (49.39%). Ascites in 49 (29.51%), Pleural effusion in 48 (28.91%), and splenomegaly in 37 (22.28%). The average count of megakaryocytes was 97.09± 43.10. Significantly more sonographic anomalies were identified in patients younger than 36 years of age.Conclusion: Ultrasound helps in early detection of leaky phase and complications in serologically confirmed patients with Dengue Fever who need prompt medical care.&#x0D; How to cite this: Rashid A, Fakhr A, Azeem AR, Arshad AR, Ahmed W, Ahmed Y. Role of Sonography in the Assessment of Dengue Fever with Serological Correlation. Life and Science. 2023; 4(4): 410-414. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.390

EP26.37: The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a case study and comprehensive review

EP26.37: The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a case study and comprehensive review

Role of ultrasonography in upper airway assessment: A comparison with computerized tomography measurements

IntroductionThis study aimed to compare ultrasonography (US) measurements of the upper airway to computerized tomography (CT) measurements. Our study's primary outcome is to research the accuracy of US measurements in the evaluation of upper airway diameters when CT is taken as the gold standard; the secondary outcome is to determine the time required to obtain US measurements. MethodsThis prospective study included patients ≥18 years old that had undergone thoracic or neck CT due to current clinical necessity. The US measurement for each patient was performed by two researchers with different levels of experience, both of whom were blinded to each other and the CT measurements. Measurements were obtained from the vocal cords and subglottic region. The duration of the US performance was also recorded. ResultsThe US and CT measurements were obtained from 94 patients. Concordance between US and CT measurements was found in the Bland-Altman analysis, with a mean −0.05 mm difference for vocal cord diameter and −1.2 mm for subglottic diameter. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) between the CT and US measurements were 0.993, and 0.609 for vocal cord and subglottic diameter measurements, respectively. The ICC between US performers was 0.992 for vocal cord diameter and 0.959 for subglottic diameter. The US's mean time for vocal cord diameter measurement was 38 ± 23 s, and the mean time for subglottic diameter measurement was 49 ± 30 s. ConclusionThe concordance between US and CT measurements is high and the measurements of different practitioners with different experience levels are compatible with each other.

The role of ultrasonography in diagnosing acute closed volar plate injury of proximal interphalangeal joint

BackgroundAcute closed volar plate injury of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) is a common hand injury. In the past, there were few objective evaluation imaging methods for the degree of volar plate injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of high frequency ultrasonography in diagnosing volar plate injury, and to explore whether ultrasound can provide a beneficial guidance to clinical decision-making and appropriate treatment adopting through accurate US classification of volar plate injury.MethodsFrom May 2019 to may 2022, 41 patients diagnosed with volar plate injury were included in this study. All patients underwent ultrasonography and X-ray examinations. The sonographic features were analyzed. A new kind of classification of volar plate injury based on ultrasonography findings was described.ResultsEither an injury of volar plate or an avulsion fracture of middle phalangeal base was identified clearly on ultrasonography, according to which volar plate injury could be divided into three types: A, B and C. Type A, avulsion fracture of the middle phalangeal base without volar plate rupture; Type B, full thickness tear of the volar plate without avulsion fracture; Type C, partial thickness tear of the volar plate. The average thickness of the three types of injured volar plate measured by ultrasound was 0.33 ± 0.05 cm, and the average thickness of the volar plate at the same site of the corresponding finger on the contralateral side was 0.22 ± 0.03 cm. There was significant difference between the two group (t = 11.823, p = 1.2476 *10^(-14)).ConclusionsHigh frequency ultrasonography could be a reliable, accurate, convenient and non-radioactive diagnostic imaging technique in the evaluation of acute closed volar plate injury of PIP. And ultrasound could provide a beneficial guidance to clinical decision-making and appropriate treatment adopting through accurate US classification.