Role Of Rootstocks Research Articles

Physiological and biochemical aspects of successful stenting in Rosa hybrida L.: Role of rootstock

Stenting is a commercial propagation method for roses that combines grafting and cutting in one action and the resulting plantlet is named ‘stentling’. Several physiological and biochemical factors can significantly influence graft union healing and adventitious root formation. The effect of rootstock and its cutting-prepared region have not been well studied for successful stenting. We provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biochemical aspects of the stenting process, utilizing rootstock positions as the source of variation among treatments. Morphophysiological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate the effect of three different stem parts (bottom, middle, and top) of ‘Natal Briar’ as rootstock on graft union healing and adventitious root formation of the rose stentlings. When the rootstock originating from the bottom and middle positions improved the physiological, biochemical, and morphological responses of the stentling, significantly. In this regard, the improved biochemical properties, including total soluble sugars, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and lignin content seem to play a special role in the success of grafting and subsequently the adventitious root formation. Assessing morphophysiological and biochemical parameters paves the way for a better understanding of the mechanism of successful stenting.

The role of rootstock and its genetic background in plant mineral status: the relationship between petiole analyses and deficiency symptoms

The role of rootstock and its genetic background in plant mineral status: the relationship between petiole analyses and deficiency symptoms

HEAT STRESS IN CITRUS: A MOLECULAR FUNCTIONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PERCEPTION

Misfortunes caused by high temperatures compel us to more readily comprehend the physiological, hormonal, and sub-atomic systems of reactions, particularly in humid and subhumid yields such as citrus organic products that are accustomed to specific conditions. Heat stress is accustomed to drought and many other environmental factors affecting Citriculture. We observe the role of Rubisco, antioxidant enzymes, HSPs, physiological changes in plasma membranes, and the role of ABA and SA under heat stress in citrus. Not-with-standing essential exploration, developing and utilizing new and well-developed citrus rootstocks is an essential element for the regulation, according to ecological circumstances. Rootstocks are essential in controlling how plants react to changing environmental factors, such as heat stress. They transfer beneficial features and increase stress tolerance, which helps citrus plants be more resilient overall. The duration of growth, yield, fruit quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic challenges are only a few of the characteristics of citrus horticulture that can be significantly improved using the right rootstocks. Enhancing citrus fruits' resistance to unfavorable environmental circumstances is urgently needed due to climate change. We can learn more about how different rootstocks affect the scion's capacity to withstand abiotic pressures by examining the metabolic responses caused by those rootstocks. Because of its increased antioxidant capacity, improved stomatal control, and storage of protective proteins, Carrizo citrange, for instance, demonstrates superior resilience to heat stress when compared to Cleopatra mandarin. The combined impacts of heat and drought on citrus vegetation differ from the effects of each stress alone. Specific metabolic changes are occur, which agree with findings from other plant research looking at the combined impacts of stress on physiology, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. When using rootstocks like Sunki Maravilha mandarin under drought stress, important metabolites such as galactinol, raffinose, and SA can be enhanced in scions through grafting. On the other hand, the Cleopatra rootstock alters the metabolism of the scion, resulting in lower quantities of the amino acids galactinol, raffinose, proline, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, which could lead to undesired characteristics. These results highlight the value of continued research to solve the problems brought on by climate change and provide light on the role of rootstocks in citriculture.

Rootstock influence on performance of different citrus scion cultivars: A review

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crop of Pakistan in terms of area and production. Pakistan ranks 7th according to area and 13th according to production. While comparing with leading citrus producing nations like Brazil, USA, China and Spain, citrus production of Pakistan is far behind and increasing at an average annual rate of only 5%. Brazil holds the 35% share in total citrus production of world while share of Pakistan is only 1.46%. Citrus cultivars are propagated asexually through grafting and budding on specific rootstocks. Rootstocks play very important role in Citriculture industry and decide success or failure of citrus cultivation. Under a specific and uniform set of climatic and soil conditions, citrus rootstocks tend to vary in their compatibility with a specific scion cultivar. The rootstocks have significant influence overall growth of tree including vegetative growth, mineral uptake, physiological performance of scion cultivar and reproductive growth of scion cultivars. The role of rootstocks in manipulating or improving the performance of citrus scion cultivars has been discussed in present review. Keywords: Citrus, rootstocks, physiology, vegetative, reproductive

Role of rootstocks in yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera) under semi-arid tropics of India: A review

Role of rootstocks in yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera) under semi-arid tropics of India: A review

Role of rootstocks in yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera) under semi-arid tropics of India: a review

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivation is gaining importance under tropical and sub-tropical conditions of India by adapting advance crop techniques. The problems of detoriated soil, poor and shortage of water conditions affecting the grape production on own rooted vines, which results into use of rootstock in grape cultivation. There are large number of rootstocks available in grape cultivation according to different production constraints. Rootstock not only helps in withstanding vineyard in adverse climatic conditions but also help in improving yield and quality of. The rootstock Dogridge became popular among the grape growers due to its capabilities of overcoming abiotic stresses and better stionic combination. The rootstock suitable for one variety in a given location may not be suitable for the same variety on other location. Hence, choice of rootstock is varied among the different cultivars. In a view of better yield and quality of grapes, there should have better stock-scion compatibility which imparts high vigour into the scion.

Arsenic Accumulation in Grafted Melon Plants: Role of Rootstock in Modulating Root-To-Shoot Translocation and Physiological Response

The bio-agronomical response, along with the arsenic (As) translocation and partitioning were investigated in self-grafted melon “Proteo”, or grafted onto three interspecific (“RS841”, “Shintoza”, and “Strong Tosa”) and two intraspecific hybrids (“Dinero” and “Magnus”). Plants were grown in a soilless system and exposed to two As concentrations in the nutrient solution (0.002 and 3.80 mg L−1, referred to as As− and As+) for 30 days. The As+ treatment lowered the aboveground dry biomass (−8%, on average), but the grafting combinations differed in terms of photosynthetic response. As regards the metalloid absorption, the rootstocks revealed a different tendency to uptake As into the root, where its concentration varied from 1633.57 to 369.10 mg kg−1 DW in “Magnus” and “RS841”, respectively. The high bioaccumulation factors in root (ranging from 97.13 to 429.89) and the low translocation factors in shoot (from 0.015 to 0.071) and pulp (from 0.002 to 0.008) under As+, showed a high As mobility in the substrate–plant system, and a lower mobility inside the plants. This tendency was higher in the intraspecific rootstocks. Nonetheless, the interspecific “RS841” proved to be the best rootstock in maximizing yield and minimizing, at the same time, the As concentration into the fruit.

Adapting plant material to face water stress in vineyards: which physiological targets for an optimal control of plant water status?

<p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims:</strong> Water scarcity, associated with climate change, is a particular threat to the sustainability of viticulture in present areas of cultivation, usually prone to drought. Breeding grapevine for reduced water use, better water extraction and maintained production (i.e., high water use efficiency) is therefore of major interest.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results:</strong> This requires a comprehensive knowledge of the physiological impacts of drought on yield and quality. Attention should be paid to those mechanisms involved in the regulation of water status in plant tissues, as it is the primary parameter affected by drought. Transpiration rate, which has a major influence on plant water status, should therefore receive special attention in breeding programs. Beyond scions, the role of rootstocks, which have been largely introduced in vineyards, should be investigated further as it determines water extraction capacity and could modify water balance in grafted plants.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Here we review recent advances in the characterization of genetic variability in the control of water use and water status, whether induced by rootstock or scion.</p><p class="Abstract" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study: </strong>This review should help scientists in choosing the relevant physiological targets in their research on grapevine tolerance to drought, whether for breeding prospects or new management practices.</p>

Adapting plant material to face water stress in vineyards: which physiological targets for an optimal control of plant water status?

Aims: Water scarcity, associated with climate change, is a particular threat to the sustainability of viticulture in present areas of cultivation, usually prone to drought. Breeding grapevine for reduced water use, better water extraction and maintained production (i.e., high water use efficiency) is therefore of major interest.Methods and results: This requires a comprehensive knowledge of the physiological impacts of drought on yield and quality. Attention should be paid to those mechanisms involved in the regulation of water status in plant tissues, as it is the primary parameter affected by drought. Transpiration rate, which has a major influence on plant water status, should therefore receive special attention in breeding programs. Beyond scions, the role of rootstocks, which have been largely introduced in vineyards, should be investigated further as it determines water extraction capacity and could modify water balance in grafted plants.Conclusion: Here we review recent advances in the characterization of genetic variability in the control of water use and water status, whether induced by rootstock or scion.Significance and impact of the study: This review should help scientists in choosing the relevant physiological targets in their research on grapevine tolerance to drought, whether for breeding prospects or new management practices.

STANDARDIZATION OF ROOTSTOCK IN MANGO

Rootstocks in mango are always seedlings whether they are of zygotic or nucellar origin. Clonal nucellar seedlings rootstocks have many advantages over heterogenous monoembryonic seedling rootstocks. Clonal rootstocks have been selected for specific soil types and stress tolerance and behavior of the scion cultivar on clonal rootstocks is highly predictable. With the intensification of fruit production due to socio-economic considerations, the role of rootstocks in commercial fruit production has increased considerably in the recent past. Although rootstocks have several applications such as improving fruit quality, imparting adaptability to climatic and edaphic conditions and inducing dwarfing, the priorities of rootstocks selection in the tropics and subtropics have been focused mainly on vigour management and securing regular high fruit yields. Mango is an important fruit crop of the tropical and subtropical regions. The yield is less than 10 t/ha in most of the growing countries. Low planting densities based on the expected eventual tree size, propagation on seedling rootstocks of unknown pedigree and irregular bearing habits are some of major reasons for low orchard efficiency of mangoes in India. In India and Mexico, monoembryonic seedlings are generally used as rootstocks. Polyembryonic ‘Turpentine’ seedlings are used as rootstocks in Florida. Either polyembryonic ‘Saber’ or ‘13-1’ seedlings are used as rootstocks in Israel. In Australia, ‘Kensington’ seedlings are used as rootstock. Throughout South-East Asia polyembryonic seedlings are used for rootstocks. Use of nondescript mango stones for multiplication of rootstocks has led to enormous variation in the performance of mango clones in the orchards. Some attempts have been made to standardize the rootstocks for various scion cultivars including the use of polyembryonic cultivars for vigour management, salinity drought, stress tolerance, fruit yield and quality. There are relative advantages of polyembryonic rootstocks in mango. In many regions including India and Mexico scion cultivars are still being propagated on heterogenous monoembryonic seedling rootstocks despite the demonstrated advantages of clonal nucellar rootstocks. The potential of clonally propagated manoembryonic rootstock has not been properly investigated. Other Mangifera sp. also have interesting attributes and should be screened for graft compatibility with mango. The species that could be tested as rootstock for mango might extend mango cultivation to areas where abiotic and biotic stresses currently limit production and could provide a better source for dwarfing rootstocks for high density orcharding.

Performance of Vigorous Cashew Cultivars as Influenced by Dwarf Rootstocks

An investigation was made to screen the rootstocks for dwarfness and to find out the influence of different stionic combinations on growth and yield parameters of popular cultivars of cashew. The scion varieties comprised of popular cultivars like Ullal-3, VRI-3, NRCC Selection-2 and Vengurla-4 (V-4). The rootstocks comprised of dwarf types like NRC 492 and Taliparamba-1 along with control (check) rootstock V-4. All the stionic combinations, excepting the ones which involved Taliparamba-1 as rootstock, recorded nearly cent per cent grafting success. The stionic combinations involving Taliparamba-1 as rootstock recorded around 50 per cent grafting success. Among the field planted stionic combinations, the parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, bark percentage, stomatal density and yield per plant varied among different stionic combinations. This clearly indicated the role of rootstocks in altering the vigour and yield of different scion cultivars in early stages of growth in cashew.

Molecular studies of inheritable grafting induced changes in pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit shape

Vegetable grafting is used extensively today by farmers primarily for facing soil borne problems – among other benefits – despite some unfavorable fruit quality effects observed in certain rootstock-scion combinations. Fruit shape is a characteristic known to be affected by grafting. Herein, working with pepper graftings between two pepper genotypes (cultivars) differing in fruit shape, we observed fruit shape changes after grafting the round shaped cultivar, cv. “Mytilini Round” (scion) on the long shaped cultivar, cv. “Piperaki Long” (rootstock). Furthermore, the phenotypic changes observed in scion fruits were inherited for two generations of seed derived progenies indicating that the changes imposed on scion are heritable. PCR amplifications using six inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers showed that progenies developed from seeds collected from the modified scion fruits had a genetic profile more similar to the scion genetic profile and less similar to the rootstock profile indicating that only minor genetic changes occurred in the scion during grafting. The change in the fruit shape was not found to be accompanied by extended DNA sequence changes in pepper CaOvate sequence, a gene shown before to be involved in determining fruit shape in pepper, although a slight difference in CaOvate gene expression was found. Overall, understanding the molecular mechanisms that probably underline graft-induced changes paves the way to a better knowledge over the rootstock-scion interactions, the role of rootstock in scion performance and eventually the improved quality and fruit harvest from grafted vegetable plants.

Potassium content of grapevine during the vegetative period: The role of the rootstock

Abstract The role of rootstock in the potassium (K) content of Croatina grapevines was investigated in a replicated rootstock trial on a sandy clay loam soil in Oltrepo Pavese, Italy. Each rootstock was significatively different in terms of K absorption ability. The effect of the seasonal weather on the level of must K was strictly linked to the rainfall during the vegetative period. The highest K levels were induced by rootstocks 44–53 M and SO4, while the lowest by rootstocks 140 Ru, 420A, and 1202C. The rootstock effect on must K levels was particularly marked in the driest year when on average the K levels were the lowest. Potassium in musts and leaves at veraison was strictly correlated to must pH. The results indicated a different ability for K absorption, induced by rootstock, which resulted either in high leaf or musts K levels. A considerable influence due to the seasonal weather course was evident too. The results provide evidence that vine K status can be controlled to some extent with proper s...

Role of Rootstocks and Spur-type Scions for Controlling Vegetative Growth of Apple and Peach Trees

Abstract The problem of controlling tree growth, although existing throughout the history of fruit growing, has become more acute as economic conditions and population spread force growers to become more efficient and produce more fruit on each hectare of orchard land. In 1984, a workshop (9) was organized to address this issue and the High Density Plantings Working Group has organized three successful symposia (29, 30, 31) that have reported many studies on methods to increase efficiency.