Role Of Public Opinion Research Articles

Appraisal of Public Opinion in Foreign Policy Making: Nigeria and United States of America as a Focal Point

Public opinion plays an unprecedented role in foreign policy making in Africa as well as in other advanced and sophisticated nations in the international system. However, in the United States of America and Nigeria, empirical evidence shows that public opinion has little or no significant effects on foreign policy decision-making. Several reasons abound for this, some of these reasons are the unwillingness of the political elites to embrace transparency, accountability, and inclusive governance. The study therefore examines the views of scholars on the role of public opinion in foreign policy making in the United States of America and Nigeria. The secondary source of data collection was adopted, data include archival materials, periodical publications, books, and the internet. Most of these materials were sourced through an extensive use of specialized library facilities of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA). The research is descriptive and analytical. The study recommends that the American and Nigerian governments should encourage public opinion in foreign policy making. The researcher also recommend that scholars of International Relations should focus in their research on the role of Government in allowing the input of the public in both domestic and international politics. Keywords: Public Opinion, Foreign Policy, policy, United States of America, Nigeria.

The The Effect of Political Ideology on Public Administration Policy

Abstract The relationship between political ideology and public administration policy has been studied extensively in the past few decades. Research has indicated that political actors play a crucial role in shaping public administration policy as they are the ones who are elected to represent the interests of the voters. Public opinion also plays an important role in shaping policy as it is the voice of the people who elect government officials.
 The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between political ideology and public administration policy, the impact of political actors on public administration policy, the role of public opinion in shaping public administration policy, and the effects of policy implementation on political ideology.
 The methodology employed in this study involves qualitative analysis of survey data obtained from a wide range of sources such as books, journals, and various documents.
 The findings of this study suggest that political ideology is strongly correlated with public administration policy. The impact of political actors on public administration policy is significant, with those in power often shaping policy to fit their own political agendas. Public opinion has a significant impact on policy formation, with policymakers often looking to cater their policies to the needs and desires of the electorate. Policy implementation has also been found to have a significant impact on political ideology, with policies that are successfully implemented often creating an ideological landscape that is difficult to change.
 Keywords: policy implementation, political actors, political ideology, public administration policy, public opinion.

Cross-Country Analysis of the Association between Media Coverage and Exposure to Climate News with Awareness, Risk Perceptions, and Protest Participation Intention in 110 Countries

ABSTRACT Few studies analyze international media coverage of climate change, and few still explore media's role in public opinion about climate change from a comparative perspective. Using data from the 2022 Yale Meta survey of 108,946 Facebook monthly active users from 110 countries and territories, the current research finds that perceived awareness is associated with perceived personal and future risks but not protest participation intention. Only perceived personal harm was associated with protest intention. People in countries most exposed to climate-related impacts were more likely to show heightened perceptions of harm to self and future generations. An analysis of a subset of countries (n = 52) where media coverage data was externally available for 2015–2022 indicates that media coverage is positively associated with self-reported exposure to climate change and perceived awareness about the issue. However, media coverage is not related to perceived personal or future risks and is negatively associated with protest participation intent across countries. Despite low media coverage of climate change, citizens in poor and developing countries see climate change as a greater risk and are more willing to participate in protests compared to citizens in developed countries. Findings help clarify theoretical and practical implications for climate change communication research.

애덤 스미스와 민주주의

The name of Adam Smith is inextricably linked with modern economics. The most fundamental goal of his academic life, however, was the study of the principles of law and government. He formally declared this goal, pursued it throughout his life, and wrote The Wealth of Nations as a partial fulfilment, contributing to his immortality as a thinker. Although Smith was not a scholar dedicated to the study of democracy, he did explore the principles of law and goverment, and his writings contain rich discussions of political decision-making issues from which we can infer his understanding of democracy. This paper reconstructs them through the lens of realising and limiting majoritarianism.
 While Smith's view was that majoritarianism should be at the centre of political decision-making, and he emphasised the role of elections as a means of realising majoritarianism, this does not mean that the path to majoritarianism is limited to elections. Rather, this paper argues that Smith saw the role of public opinion in influencing public deliberation as an important means of realising majoritarianism. In this regard, Smith identified the problem of class bias in public opinion based on socioeconomic conditions as a reason for the adoption of mercantilism, and recognized the role of the state in addressing this problem. Smith's discussion has significant relevance to the problem of the limited political role of the people in today's democracies, and the need for the active exercise of political liberty to prevent the implementation of unjust policies that violate liberty.
 At the same time, Smith also touched on the possibility of the limiting majoritarianism. Majoritarianism is typically realised through representative legislation, and Smith recognized the existence of a higher normative content that guided statutory law by regarding such parliamentary legislation as aiming to be consistent with the rules of natural justice that arise from the sympathy of human nature. Smith also emphasized the existence of the state's duty of equal treatment as a normative principle that guides legislation in the area of police. Essentially, Smith recognized that representative decision-making is constrained by more fundamental norms. On the other hand, by locating the source of this limitation in the moral principles or political will emanating from the members of the state as a whole, Smith is credited with showing that the limitation of representative decision-making and the ideology of majoritarianism may not be incompatible. By viewing a constitution based on popular sovereignty as a product of the will of the majority, being higher democratic law-making than ordinary legislation, Smith's position has a similar logical structure to the current debate that even if a constitution appears to limit representative legislation, it can ultimately be reconciled with the ideology of majoritarianism.

IN THE PREVENTION OF CRIME AND CRIME RELYING ON PUBLIC OPINION AND PROVIDING SOCIAL COOPERATION

it is important to rely on public opinion and ensure social cooperation in the prevention of crime and crime, to study the views of public opinion on today's events. As a result of the identification of emerging problems in society, their solutions can also be found. The article discusses the possibilities of public opinion in preventing crime and crime. The role of public opinion in the prevention of crimes and the positive aspects of the implementation of public control over the state organization ensure the openness and accountability of the activities of this body. These processes are analyzed in the article based on the experience of the pioneers.

Why the Public Supports the Human Rights of Prisoners and Asylum Seekers: An Experimental Approach

What factors shape support for the human rights of prisoners and asylum seekers at the individual level? Although the human rights literature has expanded greatly in the last 30 years, comparatively little attention has been paid to (a) the many human rights outside of a very small set of physical or bodily integrity rights and (b) the role of public opinion. We build a theoretical model of various human rights as public opinion-related policy choices, developing the micro-foundations of public support for the human rights of vulnerable subpopulations. Drawing on the broader literature on public policy and international norms, we use experimental methods to test whether calls to rational effectiveness or international norm cascades improve support for the rights of prisoners and asylum seekers. Although we find baseline support for these rights in the United States and Canada, our findings also imply that rhetoric on the potential costs of human rights policy could reduce popular support, even when such policy is consistent with international norms.

How China’s Online Nationalists Constrain Policymaking – the Case of Foreigners’ Permanent Residency Reform

ABSTRACT Popular nationalism increasingly dominates public debate in mainland China. This article examines the impact of this trend on Chinese policymaking by looking at the public consultation procedure for new regulations on foreigners’ permanent residency in February 2020. Following an unexpectedly large online outcry of anti-immigrant sentiment in response to the draft regulations, government actors shelved the proposal, which constituted a long-delayed step towards a more comprehensive immigration framework. Drawing on textual analysis, expert interviews, and survey data, the article analyzes elite-public interactions before, during, and after the controversy, asking what factors contributed to this miscalculation of public sentiment, and what the P.R. debate can tell us about the role of public opinion in Chinese policymaking today. It argues that popular nationalists can play a bottom-up politicizing role on previously marginal policy issues such as immigration, surprising and constraining the state. Such politicisation further limits both public and elite policy debate, impairing state information gathering and exacerbating the tension between Chinese policy actors’ desire to both control and understand public sentiment. In addition, the permanent residency debate demonstrates the relevance of public opinion to China’s non-democratic immigration policymaking, which displays a trajectory of gradual politicisation similar to other early-stage immigrant-reception contexts.

Public Opinion as a Driving Force for the Well-Being of Society

Public opinion can serve the development and sustainable development of any state. However, a scientific approach to its proper organization, formation and management will lead to success. The article deals with the essence, structure, role of public opinion as a social institution.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО МНЕНИЯ МОЛОДЁЖИ / THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE FORMATION OF YOUTH PUBLIC OPINION

Social media act as a communication channel for expressing the life position of an individual or a group of individuals, since each user of a social network has the opportunity to express his point of view on any issue discussed on the web, supporting it with evidence (attaching links, photos, video, audio). The development of information technologies has led to an increase in the role of public opinion, including social networks, thus public opinion expressed in digital information and communication spaces becomes a powerful constructive factor in the development of the media culture among the youth.

The educational potential of podcasts in the context of formation human legal culture: a new format and new opportunities media sphere

Problem and goal. The development of new media, new modern IT technologies is also aimed at promoting legal content. New formats of the media sphere create new opportunities for dialogue on legal culture. The aim of the article is to study the educational potential of podcasting in the context of the formation of the human legal culture. Materials and research methods. Methodological approaches: cultural-historical approach for revealing personality as a product of cultural development, contextual approach for understanding the role of public opinion in personality development, competence-based approach for identifying the educational process in podcasts and selecting content for the construct “legal culture”, personality-oriented approach for understanding self-developing and self-regulating personality in the process of forming a legal culture. An empirical study was carried out using the GetPodcast application on search queries for podcasts by words or phrases correlated with the theoretical construct “legal culture” in Russian and English, the time period for placing a podcast in the application was measured; the research is based on measuring, systematizing, comparing, summarizing, monitoring, interpreting the results of researching the audio content of podcasts. Research results. In 2020, on average, more than 2.5 million episodes on legal culture in English and more than 17.5 thousand in Russian were created in the media sphere. The authors calculated that the number of podcasts by one key concept in English is on average 234 times higher than the number of podcasts in Russian, which indicates the active spread of the new format of the media sphere throughout the world, while the demand for English-language podcasts is objectively higher. The growth rate of the number of podcasts in 2020 averages 66% and 58% for Russian-speaking and English-speaking podcasts, respectively, while the growth over the past six months is higher: 97% and 72%, respectively. This can be explained by the pandemic situation and forced self-isolation, as well as digital globalization and digital competencies of the population. Discussion and conclusion. The authors came to the conclusion that podcasts, as a new format of the media sphere, have educational potential, which must be used to a greater extent for the formation of the human legal culture. At the same time, the educational potential reveals the cognitive and epistemological interest of the listener. Podcasts form socially significant and personally necessary knowledge of a legal nature and meaning, which to a greater extent affects the condition and result of the process of forming human legal culture.

PUBLIC OPINION AND POLITICAL PASSIONS IN THE WORK OF GERMAINE DE STAËL

In this paper, I investigate the role of public opinion and De Staël’s liberal principles in relation to her psychological image of human nature. De Staël regarded the French Revolution as a new stage of human progress, in which the French people, for the first time, gained a political voice. From her position as a liberal republican, De Staël argues for political progress in the form of civil equality and liberty confirmed by law and political representation, for which public opinion serves as a political tool. I aim to demonstrate that De Staël developed a multi-layered analysis of public opinion as both an emancipatory tool for more equality, justice, and liberty, as well as a discriminating and harmful tool. According to De Staël, human passions play a crucial role in determining the employment and the effects of public opinion, as becomes clear in the case of the trial of Marie-Antoinette.

Can a university’s anniversary be used to strengthen employee engagement and improve the employer brand?

ABSTRACT The study is aimed at contributing to the research of developing the employer brand of a university with the help of a special university project. Our basic research question is whether a Jubilee project could be used to develop the employer brand of a university and strengthen employee engagement. The authors present the possibilities of measuring communication elements regarding employer branding with the help of two surveys. The employee survey results (based on 1723 respondents) showed that the reputation of the university in the university ranking list improved and the pride of its employees, as well. A significant factor in employer brand development is communication with future potential employees, so the role of public opinion is critical in creating a positive reputation of the university. This is why the Jubilee Project 650 of the University of Pécs can be regarded as a useful employer brand developing activity.

The ‘sacrifice’ of human rights during an unprecedented pandemic: Reflections on survey-based evidence

Twenty-five years into our constitutional democracy the Covid-19 pandemic led President Ramaphosa to declare a state of national disaster in terms of the Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 (DMA). Strict lockdown regulations promulgated under the DMA had a clear bearing on human rights, such as the rights of religious observance, assembly and demonstration, association, movement, trade, and education. In the case of De Beer v Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (2020), the High Court declared some of the regulations promulgated under lockdown levels four and three irrational and thus unconstitutional. Yet the question we ask is, do ordinary South Africans support the limitation of their rights? To provide insight we analyse data from the University of Johannesburg and Human Sciences Research Council (UJ/HSRC) Covid-19 Democracy Survey, which was administered using a data free mobile platform from April 2020 to January 2021. Over three survey rounds, the willingness to sacrifice human rights remained high. Throughout the pandemic, the role of public opinion has been largely overlooked. The Covid-19 Democracy Survey served as one way to facilitate democratic participation as it allowed people to express their views, opinions and concerns about the virus and living under lockdown. This article discusses human rights ‘sacrifice’ in the specific context of this pandemic. It is argued that limiting certain constitutionally protected freedoms discussed herein may be necessary during a national disaster to ‘flatten the curve’ and protect oneself and others, but that careful attention should be paid to non-discrimination, dignity and the temporary nature of rights limitations.

The Role of Public Opinion in EU Integration: Assessing the Relationship between Elites and the Public during the Refugee Crisis

AbstractWhile the EU was still recovering from the Great Recession, the refugee crisis polarized and mobilized national and European political spaces, inducing governments to revise their immigration policies. Scholars are presently engaged in academic debate over whether these revisions can be explained by reference to grand theories of European integration. In this context, we ask the following questions. If public opinion favoured ‘constraining’ EU integration, can public concern over the refugee crisis prompt political elites to stand against a regulative solution that would replace the Dublin System? How do these trends align with the grand theories of EU integration? By analysing longitudinal surveys of elites, general public and experts, we show that public rejection of immigrants relates to elites' opposition to a supranational prevalence of EU institutions for setting immigration quotas, thus inhibiting integration on extra‐EU migrants' resettlement.

Public opinion, media and activism: the differentiating role of media use and perceptions of public opinion on political behaviour

ABSTRACT To what extent do perceptions of public opinion effect individual support and political participation in political action? To what extent might media use moderate the role of public opinion in predicting political participation in the digital age? This study investigates these questions by analysing unique data from an experiment and a representative survey designed and conducted at the height of the summer 2011 protests in Israel. This study offers a new analytical model for studying activism by independently and simultaneously examining the direct and indirect effects of perceptions of majority support, individual support and media use on political behaviour. The experimental results suggest that perceptions of public opinion and media use did affect participation in the 2011 social movement. Specifically, increased perception of majority support for the movement led to increased rates of participation. Moreover, media use was inconsequential among those respondents who perceived that a majority of the public supported the protest. Digital media had a moderate effect on the association between perceptions and support for the protest movement, but there was no such effect with respect to mainstream media use. The findings provide new empirical insight into the effects of perceptions of public opinion and media use on political behaviour. In doing so, they help to explain the development of mass protest movements in the digital age and especially the potential effect of perceptions and media use in promoting the evolution of social movements as well as involvement in collective action in the digital age.

The Specialties of Uzbek Collectivism Culture

This paper examines the ethnic and spiritual factors of the Uzbek community, its customs and traditions, such as the organization “Mahalla”, hashar (voluntary group work), wedding, gap-gashtak (party), hospitality, as well as the role of public opinion in strengthening the culture of communication and national identity.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

The role of public opinion in the sociological support of law-making activities

The article deals with theissues related to the sociological support of law-making activities, their essence and sociological research carried out in this process, taking into account public opinion in the process of law-making and legal aspects of sociological support of law-making process. At the same time the article analyzes a detailed analysis of the sociological support of lawmaking process, the role of public opinion in the lawmaking process, taking into consideration the results of the study of public opinion in the legislative process and the influence of sociological research on this process as well.

Public Opinion as an Instrument of Socio-Cultural Influence in the Debate on the «NATO Option» in Finland

The article analyzes how the attitude of the Finnish population to Finland’s policy of military non-alignment correlates with the official foreign strategy. The question of public opinion can act as a possible sociocultural tool for its change is examined. The author explains the main reasons for the formation of stable public opinion in favor of neutrality, based on national and cultural identity. The role of public opinion in the Finnish internal debate on the «NATO option» is shown. The thesis that public opinion plays only an auxiliary role in comparison with external circumstances affecting the foreign policy of Finland, which is widespread in research circles, is considered. The author argues that public opinion on Finland’s possible entry into NATO is crucial in two key ways. First, at present, it’s a factor supporting the stable foreign policy decision, which is carried out by the state government. Secondly, in the future, public opinion may become a factor capable, under certain conditions of having a significant impact on the change of the Finnish course in foreign and security policy. The second option assumes that public opinion can play its own role by changing the pre-planned foreign policy scenario.

The Role of Domestic Factors in the Formulation of Foreign Policy of Pakistan (From 2000-2019)

The foreign policy process involves many internal and external factors. This paper is mainly focusing on some important domestic factors in the formulation of Foreign Policy of Pakistan. Due to Parliamentary form of government, Prime Minister plays a significant role at home and abroad. However, due to the complexity of the foreign policy formulation it also involves President, Foreign Minister, and Parliament along with Prime Minister. However, the role of public opinion and media is also important in this regard. Moreover, foreign policy decisions are also influenced and affected by the responses of public and media. Islamic Republic of Pakistan is an ideological State and ideology also plays a key role in the formulation of the foreign policy. The Islamic ideology provides the foundations of foreign policy of Pakistan since independence.