Role Of Poles Research Articles

"Grupa B". Współpraca polsko-bułgarska podczas drugiej wojny światowej

The article by Violeta Nacheva discusses Polish-Bulgarian cooperation during World War II, specifically focusing on the activities of Group B, which was part of the Polish section within the Bulgarian resistance movement. The author recounts the history of the Polish diaspora in Bulgaria, starting from the pre-war period when Poles were actively involved in Bulgarian social life. After the Nazi invasion of Poland, the Polish community became key participants in the resistance movement in Bulgaria, and Group B was established as a response to the Nazi occupation. The article examines the relationship between the Polish section and the Bulgarian Communist Party, describing their joint activities and challenges faced in their fight against the Nazis. Nacheva emphasizes the importance of international solidarity in the struggle against tyranny and the role of Poles in the resistance, highlighting the difficulties they had to face amid persecution. The author concludes the article by pointing out the significant impact that Group B had on subsequent Polish-Bulgarian relations and on shaping the historical memory of both nations.

Poles at infinity in on-shell diagrams

In this paper we study on-shell diagrams in \U0001d4a9 < 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. These are on-shell gauge invariant objects which appear as cuts of loop integrands in the context of generalized unitarity and serve as building blocks for amplitudes in recursion relations. In the dual formulation, they are associated with cells of the positive Grassmannian G+(k, n) and the on-shell functions can be reproduced as canonical differential forms. While for the case of the \U0001d4a9 = 4 maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory all poles in on-shell diagrams correspond to IR poles when the momentum flows in edges are zero, for \U0001d4a9 < 4 SYM theories there are new UV poles when the loop momenta go to infinity. These poles originate from the prefactor of the canonical dlog form and do not correspond to erasing edges in on-shell diagrams. We show that they can be interpreted as a diagrammatic operation which involves pinching a loop and performing a “non-planar twist” on external legs, which gives rise to a non-planar on-shell diagram. Our result provides an important clue on the role of poles at infinite momenta in on-shell scattering amplitudes, and the relation to non-planar on-shell functions.

The non-catalytic role of DNA polymerase epsilon in replication initiation in human cells

DNA polymerase epsilon (PolE) in an enzyme essential for DNA replication. Deficiencies and mutations in PolE cause severe developmental abnormalities and cancers. Paradoxically, the catalytic domain of yeast PolE catalytic subunit is dispensable for survival, and its non-catalytic essential function is linked with replicative helicase (CMG) assembly. Less is known about the PolE role in replication initiation in human cells. Here we use an auxin-inducible degron system to study the effect of POLE1 depletion on replication initiation in U2OS cells. POLE1-depleted cells were able to assemble CMG helicase and initiate DNA synthesis that failed shortly after. Expression of POLE1 non-catalytic domain rescued this defect resulting in slow, but continuous DNA synthesis. We propose a model where in human U2OS cells POLE1/POLE2 are dispensable for CMG assembly, but essential during later steps of replication initiation. Our study provides some insights into the role of PolE in replication initiation in human cells.

Producing an Antisemitic Consensus within the Framework of the “Judenjagd”: The Role of Poles in the Holocaust Based on the Murder of Nachman Blumental’s Family in Wielopole Skrzyńskie during the German Occupation

This article – which is based on the records of Nachman Blumental that I discovered as part of my work on his archive material and that I brought to light, as well as on the documentation of two official investigations – deals with the complicity of Poles – uniformed (the policja granatowa, or Blue Police) and civilians – in the Nazi project to kill every Jew without exception in Dębica County during the German occupation. I analyze the mechanism that set in motion antisemitic violence within the framework of the Judenjagd, i.e. the Jew hunt. I argue that it was attitudes and behaviors in the environment that determined the effectiveness of the German Nazi project to persecute and murder all Jews without exception. The majority group plays the role of “second instance” (Elżbieta Janicka). By reconstructing the crime against Ariel Blumental and Maria Blumental in June 1943 in Brzeziny, Mała and Wielopole Skrzyńskie, and by deconstructing the mystification of the crime by the inhabitants, I uncover the foundations of this process and show how the mechanism of self-representation as non-involved functions. “Participating observers” (Elżbieta Janicka) mask their own participation in the murder of Nachman Blumental’s family. The task, then, is to interpret both what is said and what is not said. The crime discussed in the article is emblematic in that it sheds light on the socio-cultural framework of the Holocaust and its landscape. It shows the loneliness of those who were hiding, handed over and sentenced to death by their neighbors.

Role of POLE and POLD1 in familial cancer

PurposeGermline pathogenic variants in the exonuclease domain (ED) of polymerases POLE and POLD1 predispose to adenomatous polyps, colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial tumors, and other malignancies, and exhibit increased mutation rate and highly specific associated mutational signatures. The tumor spectrum and prevalence of POLE and POLD1 variants in hereditary cancer are evaluated in this study. MethodsPOLE and POLD1 were sequenced in 2813 unrelated probands referred for genetic counseling (2309 hereditary cancer patients subjected to a multigene panel, and 504 patients selected based on phenotypic characteristics). Cosegregation and case–control studies, yeast-based functional assays, and tumor mutational analyses were performed for variant interpretation. ResultsTwelve ED missense variants, 6 loss-of-function, and 23 outside-ED predicted-deleterious missense variants, all with population allele frequencies <1%, were identified. One ED variant (POLE p.Met294Arg) was classified as likely pathogenic, four as likely benign, and seven as variants of unknown significance. The most commonly associated tumor types were colorectal, endometrial and ovarian cancers. Loss-of-function and outside-ED variants are likely not pathogenic for this syndrome. ConclusionsPolymerase proofreading–associated syndrome constitutes 0.1–0.4% of familial cancer cases, reaching 0.3–0.7% when only CRC and polyposis are considered. ED variant interpretation is challenging and should include multiple pieces of evidence.

Toruńskie Yad Vashem

Autorka artykułu analizuje otwarty w sierpniu 2020 r. w Toruniu przez Fundację „Lux Veritatis” Park Pamięci Narodowej „Zachowali się jak trzeba”, dedykowany Polakom ratującym Żydów. Przygląda się temu projektowi na tle innych inicjatyw Tadeusza Rydzyka związanych z pamięcią o polskiej pomocy oraz roli toruńskich mediów w szerzeniu treści antysemickich. Zwraca m.in. uwagę na wyolbrzymianie liczby ratujących i ratowanych, symboliczne łączenie Sprawiedliwych z tzw. żołnierzami wyklętymi oraz podkreślanie roli Polaków jako ofiar przy jednoczesnym braku upamiętnienia Zagłady. Pokazuje, w jaki sposób toruński park forsuje narrację o Polakach katolikach jako narodzie ratujących

The role of pole and molecular geometry of fatty acids in vegetable oils droplet on ignition and boiling characteristics

Vegetable oils consist of glycerol and three variants of fatty acid. Each fatty acid gives different influence on ignition process which is important to be studied. Generally, fatty acids are categorized into polar and nonpolar fatty acids. Both of them have straight and bent molecule geometry. Their roles on evaporation and ignition are discussed based on their polarity and geometry. The study was done with a single droplet from various vegetable oils. Results show polar fatty acids are more reactive due to electric charge. Long and bent polar fatty acids are more reactive than the short and straight polar one since the former one has stronger polarity and higher electron mobility. The highest electron mobility in long and bent unsaturated fatty acid makes molecules less tight, thus, evaporation rate becomes the fastest. However, reactivity decreases since the polarity is neutralized by electron mobility. The existence of more than one double bonds in carbon chain of polyunsaturated oil partially blocks electron mobility, therefore, the polarity becomes stronger while electron mobility still high so it becomes more reactive with high evaporation rate. Faster evaporation rate makes ignition temperature lower since heat energy is changed into latent heat for phase change during evaporation.

Disintegration of the former SFR Yugoslavia and changes in the ethno-confessional structure of some cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Disintegration of Yugoslav state union, which was carried out marked by ethnic conflicts and creation of new political and geographical subjectivities, resulted in major changes in ethnical and ethno-confessional structure of most of the urban settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina and especially those which until 1992 had a heterogeneous structure according to listed features. In this context, the biggest changes were recorded in three urban settlements: Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Mostar. Today, these settlements have a role of poles of development and affirmation of individual ethno-national ethno-confessional interests. Sarajevo - of Bosniaks and Islam, Banja Luka - of Serbs and Orthodoxy and Mostar - of Croats and Catholicism. Changes in ethnical and ethno-confessional structure of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the period from 1992 to 1995, strongly contributed to the territorial organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina into two entities, the Republic of Srpska with Serbian majority and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within which the cantons are formed either with the Croatian or Bosniak majority. This division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to ethnical or ethno-confessional principle, is again a source of different, and usually conflicting, geopolitical relations and aspirations between mentioned constituents.

Readiness to deny group’s wrongdoing and willingness to fight for its members: the role of Poles’ identity fusion with the country and religious group

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Identity fusion is a powerful visceral feeling of oneness with the group. Dozens of studies have demonstrated that identity fusion is a powerful predictor of endorsement of extreme behavior for the group. However, most research has been conducted with Spanish and/or North-American participants, and focused on the country as the target group. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Participants and procedure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Two correlational studies were conducted with Polish participants, using measures of identity fusion, group identification, willingness to fight and die for ingroup members and readiness to deny group’s wrongdoing.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; We replicate and extend previous findings by showing that fusion with the country also predicts endorsement of extreme pro-ingroup behaviors with Polish participants (Study 1). Interestingly, fusion with religious group predicts willingness to endorse pro-ingroup behaviors for the religion they practice (Study 2). In addition, the present research shows that strongly fused participants display high levels of readiness to deny the group’s wrongdoing, when the target group is the country (Study 1) or religious group (Study 2). &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; These findings replicate and extend previous research and are a valuable contribution to the identity fusion theory.

Reconciliation through the Righteous: The Narratives of Heroic Helpers as a Fulfillment of Emotional Needs in Polish−Jewish Intergroup Contact

Postwar Polish−Jewish relations are heavily affected by divergent narratives about the Holocaust. Debates about the role of Poles as passive bystanders or perpetrators during the Holocaust have deeply influenced mutual perceptions of Poles and Jews. Previous research has shown that historical issues raised during Polish−Jewish encounters inhibit positive consequences of intergroup contact, mostly due to frustrated emotional needs related to past genocide. The aim of the present intervention was to reconcile young Poles and Israelis by presenting narratives that could change stereotypical thinking about the past. Our results indicate that the narratives of historical rescuers of Jews during WWII allowed overcoming the negative impact of the past on intergroup contact by fulfilling frustrated needs for acceptance among Polish participants. The article discusses the potential role of the heroic helpers’ narrative for reconciliation after mass violence, as it may prevent entitative categorizations of groups as victims, perpetrators, and bystanders.

Dispersionful analogues of Benney's equations and N-wave systems

We recall Krichever's construction of additional flows to Benney's hierarchy, attached to poles at finite distance of the Lax operator. Then we construct a `dispersionful' analogue of this hierarchy, in which the role of poles at finite distance is played by Miura fields. We connect this hierarchy with N-wave systems, and prove several facts about the latter (Lax representation, Chern - Simons-type Lagrangian, connection with Liouville equation, -functions).

Analytic solution of the RISM equation forn s-atomic symmetric molecules

A general method of an analytic solution of the RISM equation based on the Baxter factorization is explicitly extended to three- and four-atomic symmetric homonuclear molecules. Results of higher order approximations (beyond the zero pole approximation) are compared with numerical results and it is shown that the analytic solution converges to the numerical one for allL}<1. The role of poles of the intramolecular structural function 1/W(k) depending on the number of sites, site-site span, and density is discussed.

The role of poles of the structure factor in determining properties of the hard sphere fluid

The distribution function of a fluid is determined by the singularities of its Fourier transform. Whereas the distribution functions at long range are well described by the contributions of those poles closest to the real axis, the short-range behaviour involves contributions from an infinite series of poles. For Percus-Yevick hard spheres in one and three dimensions the series of discontinuities in the distribution function and its derivatives are shown to derive from the asymptotic distribution of the infinite series of poles in the Fourier transform of the distribution function.