Role Of Organizational Characteristics Research Articles

Role of organizational characteristics on counterproductive knowledge behavior: a meta-analysis

PurposeIn recent years, counterproductive knowledge behavior (CKB) and its types have received increasing interest in knowledge management as the degree of knowledge sharing and innovation in enterprises continues to increase. A rapidly growing number of studies have shed light on the important antecedents and consequences of employees’ CKB. However, the various labels, conceptualizations and operationalizations of CKB have fragmented this body of research. This study aims to systematically integrate the effects of the six types of organizational characteristics on CKB and further draws more general conclusions based on the results of previous studies.Design/methodology/approachBased on a survey of 103 effect values responsible for 52 CKB samples, the authors use the ABC theory to explore the effects of the six types of organizational characteristics on CKB. Moderator analysis were performed to resolve inconsistencies in empirical studies and understand the contexts under which CKB has the strongest or weakest effect.FindingsThe results showed that task interdependence and a positive organizational atmosphere, in general, negatively affect employees’ CKB in the moderation analysis. In contrast, workplace discomfort, negative organizational atmosphere, internal competition and time pressure positively and partly affect employees’ CKB. The direction and magnitude of these effects were affected by emotional factors, knowledge personnel types and sample sources. Discussing the theoretical, methodological and practical implications of these findings can offer a guiding framework for future research.Originality/valueBetter control of employees’ CKB is not achieved by adjusting organizational characteristics alone but by combining personal characteristics and mood changes with it to balance organizational characteristics and CKB. Furthermore, the large-sample joint study integrated the conceptual definition of CKB. The multivariate data study provided more reliable conclusions and a solid theoretical foundation for CKB research areas.

The role of organizational characteristics on the outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in Belgium.

BackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the predictors of in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients who need to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). However, no data on the role of organizational issues on patients’ outcome are available in this setting. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the role of surge capacity organisation on the outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in Belgium.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of in-hospital mortality in Belgian ICU COVID-19 patients via the national surveillance database. Non-survivors at hospital discharge were compared to survivors using multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analysis. Specific analyses including only patients with invasive ventilation were performed. To assess surge capacity, data were merged with administrative information on the type of hospital, the baseline number of recognized ICU beds, the number of supplementary beds specifically created for COVID-19 ICU care and the “ICU overflow” (i.e. a time-varying ratio between the number of occupied ICU beds by confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients divided by the number of recognized ICU beds reserved for COVID-19 patients; ICU overflow was present when this ratio is ≥ 1.0).FindingsOver a total of 13,612 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with admission and discharge forms registered in the surveillance period (March, 1 to August, 9 2020), 1903 (14.0%) required ICU admission, of whom 1747 had available outcome data. Non-survivors (n = 632, 36.1%) were older and had more frequently various comorbid diseases than survivors. In the multivariable analysis, ICU overflow, together with older age, presence of comorbidities, shorter delay between symptom onset and hospital admission, absence of hydroxychloroquine therapy and use of invasive mechanical ventilation and of ECMO, was independently associated with an increased in-hospital mortality. Similar results were found in in in the subgroup of invasively ventilated patients. In addition, the proportion of supplementary beds specifically created for COVID-19 ICU care to the previously existing total number of ICU beds was associated with increased in-hospital mortality among invasively ventilated patients. The model also indicated a significant between-hospital difference in in-hospital mortality, not explained by the available patients and hospital characteristics.InterpretationSurge capacity organisation as reflected by ICU overflow or the creation of COVID-19 specific supplementary ICU beds were found to negatively impact ICU patient outcomes.FundingNo funding source was available for this study.

Women on Boards of Directors: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Roles of Organizational Leadership and National Context for Gender Equality

Growing evidence suggests that gender diversity on boards of directors is important for corporate governance and overall organizational effectiveness. Yet, progress in increasing female board representation has been slow. Prior studies have focused primarily on either the role of organizational characteristics in board gender composition or the role of national institutions as predictors of female board representation across countries. In this study, we integrate psychological theory related to implicit biases and agency theory, with institutional theory, to propose that the national context for gender equality moderates the extent to which characteristics of organizational leadership relate to female board representation. We conduct a meta-analysis of 158 samples encompassing 60,648 organizations across 36 countries to test our hypotheses. Our findings highlight the importance of the national context for gender equality as a boundary condition for understanding the relationship between organizational leadership characteristics and female board representation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for increasing the representation of female directors across countries.

Social media adoption among small and medium-sized Greek hotels: a survey about its antecedents and its impact on performance outcomes

The use of social media in the hotel industry comprises a great challenge for marketing executives. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the use of social media (SM) among hotel firms, the role of organisational characteristics in SM adoption, and then the impact of SM adoption level on hotel performance outcomes. Using a sample of 60 small and mid-sized hotels located in Crete Island, Greece, we collected data through a questionnaire designed for hotel managers. The findings revealed that hotels are increasingly adopting social media. The results also indicated that the degree of previous experience and the satisfaction from the use of SM are highly related to SM adoption, while hotel size and hotel rating do not have a significant effect on social media adoption. Also, the adoption level of social media is an effective determinant of performance benefits. Managerial implications are being provided for tourism marketing and for hoteliers who want to adopt social media marketing tools.

Valuing recovery-oriented practice at the interface between mental health services and communities: The role of organisational characteristics and environments.

Implementing recovery-oriented mental health services is a policy priority in many countries. In addition, some governments have prioritised new forms of organising, financing and governing the provision of mental health services with a stronger focus on co-delivery and involving communities. Most research in the recovery field has focused on interventions. There is limited knowledge about the role of organisational characteristics and environments in which people experience recovery. To understand the organisational characteristics of initiatives that implement recovery-oriented practice at the interface between mental health services and communities, as well as the mechanisms they employ to alter the conditions in which they operate. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group workshop with managers of five initiatives in England that implemented recovery-oriented practice at the interface between mental health services and communities. Our cross-sector initiatives shared a range of characteristics and employed mechanisms that created favourable conditions for recovery-oriented practice: strong social value and process (rather than performance) orientation; participatory approaches and shared decision-making; flat hierarchies; creating and seizing business opportunities; utilising networking and (social) marketing opportunities; risk-taking; valuing and supporting all members of their organisations; entrepreneurial and value-driven leadership. Recovery-oriented practice takes place in certain organisational environments that importantly influence an individual's recovery. Our research highlights the need to consider organisational characteristics when evaluating recovery interventions as well as a broader shift of research towards understanding the environments in which people experience recovery as members of society, and how those can be altered.

Increased Urgent Care Center Visits by Southeast European Migrants: A Retrospective, Controlled Trial from Switzerland.

We investigated whether immigrants from Southeast Europe (SE) and Swiss patients have different reasons for visiting the emergency department (ED). Our retrospective data analysis for the years 2013–2017 describes the pattern of ED consultations for immigrants from SE living in Switzerland (Canton Bern), in comparison with Swiss nationals, with a focus on type of referral and reason for admission. A total of 153,320 Swiss citizens and 12,852 immigrants from SE were included in the study. The mean age was 51.30 (SD = 21.13) years for the Swiss patients and 39.70 (SD = 15.87) years for the SE patients. For some countries of origin (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Turkey), there were highly statistically significant differences in sex distribution, with a predominance of males. SE immigrants had a greater proportion of patients in the lower triage level (level 3: SE: 67.3% vs. Swiss: 56.0%) and a greater proportion of patients in the high triage level than the Swiss population (level 1: SE: 3.4% vs. Swiss: 8.8%). SE patients of working age (16–65 years) were six times more often admitted by ambulance than older (≥65 years) SE patients, whereas this ratio was similar in the Swiss population. In both groups, the fast track service was primarily used for patients of working age (<65) and more than three times more often in the SE than the Swiss group (SE: 39.1%, Swiss: 12.6%). We identified some indications for access to primary care in emergency departments for immigrants and highlighted the need for attention to the role of organizational characteristics of primary health care in Switzerland. We highlighted the need for professional support to improve the quality of healthcare for immigrants. In the future, we will need more primary care services and general practitioners with a migrant background.

Situational and organizational influences on transparency following negative events

This study explores the influence of situational and organizational factors in influencing transparency regarding negative events – in this case financial restatements. It is predicted that situational factors related to the severity of a restatement will influence transparency about the event and that an organization’s stakeholder orientation will moderate the relationship between the magnitude of the restatement and transparency. Results show a generally positive relationship between the severity of the restatement and transparency in the restatement announcement but also find that firm characteristics such as size, profitability, and organizational identity orientation can alter this relationship. Taken together, the results of this study provide increased understanding of factors which influence transparency following negative events and suggest that increased attention should be given to the role of organizational characteristics in shaping responses to such events.

Organizational Characteristics Role in the Implementation of Information Security in Knowledge Management with a Focus on Employee Safety Behavior

Nowadays competitive advantage maintenance and organizational survival are not possible with no knowledge management. Due to the fact that the main components of the organizational knowledge transfer are human resources and this force only can produce and share knowledge content in the context of a safe system. Therefore, the implementation of the information security and safety principles observance by the personnel are essential in knowledge management. Among these factors, organizational characteristics can be an affecting factor in the implementation of information security in knowledge management. In this study, the role of organizational characteristics on the implementation of the information security in organization's knowledge management with a focus on safety behavior of the staff in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and its subsidiaries, is investigated. The study type is applied research and the method is descriptive method which its population consists of senior managers and experts in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and its subsidiary companies. The sample size of 253 people has been set. A questionnaire was used to measure the research variables. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships between variables and AMOS software was used in this study. The results showed a significant relationship between organizational characteristics with safety behavior and also safety behavior with information security implementation in knowledge management. The organizational characteristics significantly are associated with the implementation of information security in knowledge management.

Implementing Community Care for People with Intellectual Disability: The Role of Organizational Characteristics and the Innovation’s Attributes

Background Community care is the support of people with intellectual disability in everyday life aimed at enhancing their integration into society. This article investigates influences of organizational characteristics on the implementation of community care in the Netherlands. In addition, we explored whether the attributes of community care as an innovative process might impede successful implementation. Methods Findings from a questionnaire among 96 managers in seven care organizations for people with intellectual disability are presented. Results The main reasons for innovation are to meet the demands of clients and to improve the primary care process. The most important external influence on the implementation process is government finance. The results also support the notion that problems with the implementation process of community care are related to organizational characteristics and the attributes of community care. Conclusion An innovative management style was found to be associated with a more successful implementation of community care. Lack of observability of the innovation, perceived complexity, incompatibility with norms and values of employees, and lack of possibilities to experiment (triability) are important barriers in the implementation process.

Implementation of Discrete and Integrated IT

Integrated organisational IT systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM) and digital manufacturing (DM), have promised and delivered substantial performance benefits to many adopting firms. However, implementations of such systems have tended to be problematic. ERP projects, in particular, are prone to cost and time overruns, not delivering anticipated benefits and often being abandoned before completion. While research has developed around IT implementation, this has focused mainly on standalone (or discrete), as opposed to integrated, IT systems. Within this literature, organisational (i.e., structural and cultural) characteristics have been found to influence implementation success. The key aims of this research are (a) to investigate the role of organisational characteristics in determining IT implementation success; (b) to determine whether their influence differs for integrated IT and discrete IT projects; and (c) to develop specific guidelines for managers of integrated IT implementations. An in-depth comparative case study of two IT projects was conducted within a major aerospace manufacturing company.

Human resources outsourcing in Canadian organizations: An empirical analysis of the role of organizational characteristics, transaction costs and risks

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of three classes of determinants using a sample of 271 Canadian Organizations, namely: (1) strategic and organizational characteristics; (2) transactional variables; and (3) risk factors on human resource outsourcing. Using an ordered probit statistical analysis, the results show that a strategic implication on the part of the human resources department, support from top managers, prior experience with outsourcing and extensive use of benchmarking in human resources management are positively related to the intensity of Human Resource Outsourcing (HRO). We found some support for the transaction-specific variables, most notably for the complexity and the specificity of transactions. Finally, the study reveals that human and business risks appear to be important drivers of a firm's decision to outsource.

The Role of Organizational Characteristics in Determining Patterns of Utilization of Services for Substance Abuse, Mental Health, and Shelter by Homeless People

This study aims to advance understanding of service provision to the homeless population through investigation of the effects of organizational characteristics. A longitudinal study of homelessness obtained structured psychiatric interview data from 400 participants and these individuals' service use and organizational data from 23 organizations over the next 12 months. Substance abuse service use was associated with organizational funding diversity, professionalism, and focus of services on substance abuse service provision. Other mental health service use was associated with small organizational size, professionalism, and simplicity of organizational funding diversity. Shelter service use was associated with complexity of services and small organizational size and inversely related to professionalism of staff. Results suggest relevance of organizational characteristics to understanding service access and use, controlling for individual need factors. Only by examining interactions among individual and organizational characteristics across sectors of care can the complexity of service provision to this multifaceted population be approached.

The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change

Although the role of organisational characteristics in the change process has been extensively analysed and discussed in the literature, individual characteristics, which are equally crucial for the success of change, have been neglected. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to add a different way of looking and working with organisational change by focusing on individuals’ emotions and personality traits. This paper explores how emotional intelligence and the “big five” dimensions of personality can facilitate organisational change at an individual level by exploring the relationship between these attributes and attitudes toward organisational change. The sample consisted of 137 professionals who completed self‐report inventories assessing emotional intelligence, personality traits and attitudes towards organisational change. The results confirmed that there is a relationship between personality traits and employees’ attitudes toward change. Similarly, the contribution of emotional intelligence to the attitudes to change was found to be significant, indicating the added value of using an emotional intelligence measure above and beyond the effect of personality. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the phases of a change project.

The role of organisational characteristics of ship owning firms in the use of third party ship management

Third party ship management examined within the realms of the issue of the separation of ownership and management adheres to a theoretical model that proposes the significance of a number of factors in the strategic decision of a ship owning firm to employ independent management for their assets. The present paper focuses particularly on the role certain organisational features of ship owning firms, i.e. the company's size, type, and age, play in the choice of the latter to recruit professional managers. The results of a relevant study carried out in Greece and the UK together with appropriate commentary are presented in detail.