Role Of Occupational Physician Research Articles

Legionnaires' Disease in Occupational Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Italy (2019).

In Italy, Legionnaires' Disease (LD) causes >1000 hospital admissions per year, with a lethality rate of 5 to 10%. Occupational exposures could reasonably explain a substantial share of total cases, but the role of Occupational Physicians (OPs) in management and prevention of LD has been scarcely investigated. The present survey therefore evaluates the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding LD from a convenience sample of Italian OPs, focusing on their participation in preventive interventions. A total of 165 OPs were recruited through a training event (Parma, Northeastern Italy, 2019), and completed a specifically designed structured questionnaire. The association between reported participation in preventive interventions and individual factors was analyzed using a binary logistic regression model, calculating corresponding multivariable Odds Ratio (aOR). Overall, participants exhibited satisfactory knowledge of the clinical and diagnostic aspects of LD, while substantial uncertainties were associated epidemiological factors (i.e., notification rate and lethality). Although the majority of participating OPs reportedly assisted at least one hospital (26.7%) and/or a nursing home (42.4%) and/or a wastewater treatment plant, only 41.8% reportedly contributed to the risk assessment for LD and 18.8% promoted specifically designed preventive measures. Working as OPs in nursing homes (aOR 8.732; 95% Confidence Intervals [95%CI] 2.991 to 25.487) and wastewater treatment plants (aOR 8.710; 95%CI 2.844 to 26.668) was associated with participation in the risk assessment for LD, while the promotion of preventive practice was associated with working as an OP in hospitals (aOR 6.792; 95%CI 2.026 to 22.764) and wastewater treatment plants (aOR 4.464, 95%CI 1.363 to 14.619). In other words, the effective participation of the OP in the implementation of preventive measures appears uncommon and is limited to certain occupational settings. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of tailoring specifically designed information campaigns aimed to raise the involvement of OPs in the prevention of LD in occupational settings other than healthcare.

What is the role of occupational physicians in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan? A qualitative interview study

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had various impacts on businesses and workers worldwide. The spread of infection has been reported through cluster outbreaks in the workplace, and World Health Organization has emphasized workplace infection control measures. Occupational physicians (OPs) are expected to actively support employers’ efforts to minimize the damage of the pandemic. However, there is little research on the role of these specialists during a pandemic. Clarification of the contributions of OPs to health and safety at the workplace in the COVID-19 pandemic would be beneficial to ensure that OPs can be effectively deployed in the next pandemic.MethodsWe employed semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts. Twenty OPs were selected as priority candidates from among 600 OPs certificated of the JSOH, and thirteen who met the eligibility criteria agreed to participate. The online interviews were conducted in November and December 2020 with thirteen OPs. We extracted meaning units (MUs) from interview transcripts according to the research question: “What was the role of OP in the COVID-19 pandemic?“ and condensed and abstracted them into codes and categorized them. Validity was confirmed by additional 5 OPs interviews.ResultsA total of 503 MUs were extracted from the transcripts. These were abstracted into 10 sub-categories and two categories. Categories 1 and 2 dealt with “Role in confronting the direct effects of the pandemic” and “Role in confronting the indirect effects of the pandemic” and accounted for 434 (86.3%) and 69 (13.7%) MUs, respectively. These results were validated by another 5 interviews.ConclusionThis study identified the role of OPs in Japan in the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that they made a wide range of contributions to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic. We hope our findings will help OPs during future pandemics or other long-term emergency situations.

Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and containment measures in Italy and the role of occupational physicians.

Background:Vaccine hesitancy is the main barrier to the effective management of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate attitudes towards vaccination and containment measures in Italy, and the role of occupational physicians in the management of COVID-19.Methods:Between 26 and 31 January 2022, we conducted a national online survey including 1000 respondents (631 workers). A series of questions were asked to obtain information on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, containment measures and management of COVID-19. Sampling weights were used to obtain national estimates.Results:The majority of respondents (92.6%) received at least two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (or one dose of Ad26.COV2.S Janssen,), only 4.9% did not get any dose. Most interviewees (79.2%) stated that the decision to be vaccinated was their own choice, while 4.3% were convinced by the general practitioner or the occupational physician. History of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported by 23.9% of the participants (30.2% among workers); and 40% of the infected workers were contacted/visited by an occupational physician.Conclusions:Vaccine uptake was remarkably high in Italy. Occupational physicians played a relevant role in the management of COVID-19.

Emerging problems and novel skills: a qualitative analysis on the role of occupational physicians.

«Emerging problems and novel skills: a qualitative analysis on the role of occupational physicians».Introduction:The thorough changes in the world of employment, together with regulatory changes, have made the role of occupational health physicians increasingly complex, with an extension of the prescribing component, linked to the operational aspects of the role, as well as a greater complexity in the discretionary sphere, which also requires a number of “non-technical” skills.Objectives:This work investigates how occupational physicians experience and represent their role, with special attention paid to the person-context relationship, so as to offer reflections and useful tools for supporting this role within the participatory health and safety system in the workplaces.Methods:Using a qualitative approach, the survey has been carried out through semi-structured interviews to a sample of 22 Italian occupational health physicians who were asked to talk about their professional experience with regard to the legislative reforms, critical factors in their work, their relationship with other players in the safety system, and satisfaction with Continuous Medical Training (ECM). The interviews were analyzed using content statistics analysis software.Results:Faced with the various context constraints, occupational physicians often remain confined to their healthcare role and in their relationship with the patient-worker. This causes difficulties in intervening as overall health and safety consultants for workers in a preventive context. Traditional technical expertise, delivered through ECM Training and guidelines, is not enough to make a substantial change in practising the profession, but other types of intervention are necessary to facilitate reflection about problems and one’s own actions.

Improving the job-retention strategies in multiple sclerosis workers: the role of occupational physicians.

Several studies evaluated whether a person with multiple sclerosis is employed or not and investigated the main symptoms that hinder the job performance. However, despite occupational physicians are fundamental in managing disabled subjects, there is a serious lack of data regarding their role in improving employability of these workers. In this regard, we assessed occupational physicians’ professional activity and training/updating needs in order to identify and develop management tools, operative procedures and training programs helpful to support and implement adequate job-retention strategies. Four hundred three Italian occupational physicians compiled a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate individual demographics, health surveillance system, fitness for work and training needs. Our findings confirmed the suitability to adopt environmental adjustments at workplace (particularly referring to the ergonomics of workstation, the typology of occupational risk factors and the working time) to accommodate individual’s needs in order to improve working ability among multiple sclerosis workers. Moreover, training events discussing operational guidelines and standardized instruments and/or methodologies to adequately manage the disable workers should be fostered. Therefore, in this regard, occupational physicians could play a key role but they need more high-quality training especially concerning the different tools that are currently available to assess the work issues in multiple sclerosis patients.

Bisphenol A and Metabolic Diseases: Challenges for Occupational Medicine.

The prevalence of metabolic diseases has markedly increased worldwide during the last few decades. Lifestyle factors (physical activity, energy-dense diets), together with a genetic predisposition, are well known factors in the pathophysiology of health problems. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound used for polycarbonate plastics, food containers, epoxy resins coating metallic cans for food and beverage conservation. The ability of BPA to act as an endocrine disruptor—xenoestrogen in particular—is largely documented in literature, with numerous publications of in vivo and in vitro studies as well as epidemiological data on humans. Recently, different researchers studied the involvement of BPA in the development of insulin resistance; evidences in this way showed a potential role in etiology of metabolic disease, both for children and for adults. We review the epidemiological literature in the relation between BPA exposure and the risk of metabolic diseases in adults, with a focus on occupational exposure. Considering published data and the role of occupational physicians in promoting Workers’ Health, specific situations of exposure to BPA in workplace are described, and proposals for action to be taken are suggested. The comparison of the studies showed that exposure levels were higher in workers than in the general population, even if, sometimes, the measurement units used did not permit rapid comprehension. Nevertheless, occupational medicine focus on reproductive effects and not metabolic ones.

Role of Occupational Physician in Mining Accidents.

As in all work areas, the activity of protecting worker health must be done together with monitoring of the workplace and health surveillance at the mine. Health surveillance must configure with the correct recruitment examination and periodic examinations on time. It is necessary if we aim for occupational safety at mines, where the industrial accident frequency is very high. A true and real first aid schedule is very important for helping decrease the severity after accidents. These facts must create the basic rules of an occupational physician's work at a mine.

Research on Depression in the Workplace: Where Do We Go From Here?

This article overviews the current status of research on depression in the workplace and makes recommendations for future research to increase knowledge and close the research to practice gap. Medical literature review. Knowledge gaps are identified along the public health continuum from prevention and promotion to disability management and return-to-work. The role of Occupational Physicians in generating and disseminating knowledge is discussed. The quality of research on depression in the workplace is improving rapidly but there is a need for a formal research agenda to identify priorities for a systematic multi-stakeholder effort to close critical knowledge gaps and more effectively disseminate and implement research findings in the workplace.

Quels freins à la déclaration d'une lombosciatique en maladie professionnelle pour les médecins généralistes et les rhumatologues ?

Despite an epidemic of muscular-skeletal disorders (MSD), they are underreported. We carried out a telephone survey of 391 general practitioners (GPs) and 96 rheumatologists in south-eastern France to study the barriers to physicians' reporting of occupational diseases (OD). We presented them with a case-study of a patient with work-related sciatica. 72% of GPs and 84% of rheumatologists did not recommend to report this OD, for the following reasons, respectively: hesitation due to the possible role of extraprofessional activities as the root cause (77%, 74%), preferably should be reported as an occupational accident (67%, 42%), acknowledgement that the reporting of this is the role of occupational physicians (60% et 60%) and fear of risk of loosing one's job (47%, 36%). Results of multiple regression analyses suggest that the lack of awareness of reporting procedures and the presumption of causality principle may be main barriers to reporting.

Prevention of injuries at work: the role of the occupational physician

To highlight the role of occupational physician (OP) in occupational injuries (OI) prevention and management. To suggest an approach beyond traditional focus on descriptive epidemiology, engineering interventions, administrative aspects of OI prevention. To promote a person- and enterprise-tailored approach, entailing greater attention to human factors and to practical problems of the specific workplace, with a call to a leading role played by OP. Analysis of the literature on the broader topic of OI prevention revealed thousands of publications; however, only a handful of them mention or describe the participation of OP in OI prevention. While recognizing that literature search is not the proper and only way to appreciate the current role of OP in this field, therefore, it seems necessary to call OP to a stronger effort in prevention and management of OI, through the context of a comprehensive intervention in cooperation with managers, supervisors, safety personnel and workers, focusing on specific needs of each enterprise. The following areas of OP intervention were examined: risk assessment, health surveillance, management, scientific research and health education. Within each of these topics, possible contributions, methodologies, instruments available for the OP were discussed, taking into account the relevant literature. Pathways for practical applications were illustrated, e.g., OI data generation and analyses, predictors of OI, fitness for work, case management, team work, educational issues, first aid, suggestion for OP contribution in specific research questions. OI continue to take a remarkable toll from individuals and society. New multidisciplinary interventions are needed to prevent OI. Focused activities at the single worksite with a central role from OP are definite options. OP is an effective interface between workforce and management and may offer, through a proactive approach, valuable practical and cultural contributions, while respecting technical and ethical guidelines of occupational health professionals.

職場復帰における産業医の役割

職場復帰における産業医の役割