The Mediterranean diet, characterized by an abundance of whole grains, plant foods, olive oil and moderate intake of fish has been associated with a variety of disease outcomes. The Mediterranean diet is recognised as a healthful dietary pattern and has been extensively associated with chronic disease risk reduction. Consumption of food groups in the Mediterranean-based diet has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which improves endothelial function and neuronal membrane composition. Engagement in physical activity, on the other hand, has anti-inflammatory and neuro-chemical effects that sustains cerebral blood flow, improves aerobic capacity and cerebral nutrient supply, and improves secretion of enkephalins and endorphins secreted during exercise.