Role In Management Research Articles

Knowledge of tuberculosis among physicians working at community health stations in Vietnam

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health problem worldwide, including in Vietnam, where around 174,000 newly diagnosed cases and 13,200 patients died in 2018. There are challenges in the diagnostic process, treatment, and follow-up. The physicians with knowledge of TB working at commune health stations play an essential role in this struggle. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of TB and related factors among physicians working at community health stations in the Northern provinces of Vietnam. A cross-sectional survey was implemented on 335 physicians working at community health stations in 5 Northern provinces in Vietnam from September 2019 to October 2020. The result showed that the TB knowledge of physicians was not good. There were some severe knowledge gaps concerning at-risk groups, the main symptoms of TB, sputum tests for both diagnosis and follow-up and management of attack therapy. The TB training participants had better TB knowledge than others (aOR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.047-2.712). This study underlines the importance of clinical experience and TB training to TB knowledge. We suggest that a TB training plan is required for physicians. Our survey results could inform the process of defining the physicians who work at community health stations' role in TB management in the future.

Strategic Agility and Performance of Pay Television Industry in Kenya.

The Pay TV market in Kenya operates in a highly competitive business environment, which in turn calls for aggressiveness and more efficient ways of keeping the business afloat. Advancement in technology also comes with several options for Pay TV customers such as online streaming which poses more threat to the market. This research seeks to assess the influence of strategic agility on the performance of the Kenyan Pay TV industry using Multichoice Kenya Limited as the case study. The objectives of this study were to establish the influence of leadership agility, determine the influence cultural agility, assess the influence of business agility, and to determine the influence of career agility on organizational performance in the Kenyan Pay TV industry. The study is of great significance to the government of Kenya since the improved performance of the Pay TV companies can generate more revenue for the government in form of taxes and license fees. New and existing Pay TV companies may also benefit from this study by employing agile strategies for competitive advantage as well as getting more information on how to handle uncertain situations in the business environment. Additionally, academicians who may want to research more on strategic agility may benefit by accessing more information from this study. The concept of strategic agility has not been sufficiently researched especially on the variables such as leadership agility, cultural agility, business agility, career agility and how they influence organizational performance. This research was anchored on four theories namely; The Great Man Theory, Theory of Change, Theory of Constraints, and the Broaden and Build Theory. The reviewed literature on these theories indicates that there is a positive influence of strategic agility on organizational performance. This is a cross-sectional study which involves 60 employees with managerial roles. Descriptive design was used in this study adopting qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was done through closed and open-ended questionnaires, keeping a register of questionnaire distribution and feedback collection. A pilot study was carried out to determine the accuracy, clarity and relevance of the study questionnaire. Data analysis was carried using SPSS (V29) and multiple regression analysis. The study found that leadership agility, cultural agility business agility and career agility all have a significant effect on the performance of Pay TV firms in Kenya. The top leadership of firms in Pay TV industry should establish cross-cultural collaboration initiatives to encourage knowledge-sharing and teamwork among employees from different cultural backgrounds, foster a culture that encourages and rewards agile leadership behaviors, such as risk-taking and experimentation and encourage leaders to seek mentorship and coaching to enhance their agility capabilities, should invest in technology and infrastructure that support flexibility and adaptability in responding to market changes and also develop cross-functional teams that can quickly adapt to changing business requirements and address emerging challenges, implement career development plans and pathways that align with the organization's strategic objectives and employees' career aspiration and encourage a growth mindset among employees.

Co‐opted Independent Directors and Firms' Environmental Performance

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueConsidering escalating environmental concerns and the important role of board members in shaping strategic corporate decisions, we investigate the relationship between co‐opted independent directors and firms' environmental performance.Research Findings/InsightsExamining US firms from 2002 to 2018, we document a significant negative relationship between co‐opted independent directors and firm environmental performance. Our findings show that while institutional ownership and CEO power exacerbate the negative association, strong corporate governance mitigates this negative impact of co‐opted independent directors on environmental performance. The cross‐sectional results show that the relationship is pronounced in firms with young CEOs, male CEOs, and low CEO compensation. Further, the relationship is also prevalent in boards with fewer meetings, high multiple directors, and higher compensation, indicating a monitoring compromise by independent co‐opted directors.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsReasonable theoretical arguments are drawn from agency theory and the theory of friendly boards, and our statistical analysis supports the academic position of the theory of friendly boards. The negative effect of independent co‐opted directors on firm environmental performance challenges the role of independent directors in addressing agency issues in environmental efforts, hinting at a departure from conventional agency theory expectations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsTo improve environmental performance, firms should reconsider their board structures, acknowledging the potential drawbacks of co‐opted independent directors. Our findings challenge the Sarbanes–Oxley Act's (SOX) emphasis on increasing the number of outside directors, which assumes independent board members will rigorously oversee executives. Such legislation is greatly based on the premise that independent board members strictly monitor executives. However, our findings indicate that not all independent directors are strict monitors, as demonstrated by lower environmental performance when there are more co‐opted independent directors.

Survey on financial portfolio management's role in investment decision-making strategies

Financial portfolio management is an organizational approach for managing a group of financial assets organized by a person, institution, or organization. It entails the dynamic allocation and reallocation of assets to accomplish specified financial goals whilst considering the risk tolerance and market environment. Diversification amongst several asset types, including stocks, bonds and alternative investments, is part of the process to maximize returns and reduce risk. Portfolio managers aim to optimize the performance and coordinate the portfolio with the organization's overall financial objectives through monitoring, analysis and modifications. Effective financial portfolio management is critical for attaining long-term financial stability and growth of the organization in a dynamic economic landscape. In this research, we investigate portfolio management by examining its primary objectives, fundamental requirements, investment approaches and procedural elements of economic management. It examines the abilities necessary for effective portfolio management, focusing on the principle of portfolio premises. The research further examines the various strategies for portfolio development, including the revenue portfolio, speculative portfolio, voluntary portfolio, protective portfolio and hybrid portfolio. By investigating these components, the study demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of portfolio management and provides an in-depth overview for analyzing investment strategies and financial decisions in the context of organization management.

A longitudinal examination of anti-corruption disclosure in the banking sector of a least-developed economy: does board composition make a difference?

PurposeThis study focuses on anti-corruption disclosure (ACD) as a critical indicator of a bank’s commitment to combat corruption. It seeks to measure the level of ACD in banking companies. Emphasizing the pivotal role of board directors in ensuring corporate accountability and transparency, the study further explores the connection between board composition and ACD.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts automated content analysis (using keyword search) to measure the level of ACD in the annual reports of listed banks in Bangladesh. Drawing upon agency theory and resource-dependence theory, the study proposes that the collective monitoring and resources facilitated by a well-structured board (size, gender diversity and independence) significantly influence a bank’s commitment to combat corruption. The paper employs linear regression to examine the hypotheses. The reliability of the findings is further validated through the application of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Quantile Regression.FindingsThe results indicate a steady rise in ACD over the sample period (2014–2022). The analysis establishes that larger board sizes and a greater presence of female directors are positively associated with ACD. Notably, the study identifies a critical mass of at least three female directors for a significant positive relationship between gender diversity on the board and ACD. However, no significant relationship is observed between board independence and ACD.Practical implicationsThe study sheds light on the current state of ACD within the banking companies of a least-developed country. The findings carry significant implications for regulators to gauge banks' dedication to anti-corruption efforts and make informed decisions on issuing guidance for enhanced ACD. These findings can also assist regulators in assessing the implications of board composition and formulating guidelines within the corporate governance code.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on ACD in the context of a least-developed economy. Notably, the study fills a research gap by exploring ACD in the banking industry. A key aspect of this study is its exploration of the determinants of ACD, explicitly emphasizing how board composition is likely to influence ACD.

Principals' managerial role in realizing the ideal curriculum and learning: The case of remote areas schools in Indonesia

Leaders who have a strong spirit and are creative, innovative and skilled are needed by one-roof schools, especially in realizing ideal curriculums and learning methods. The aim of this study is to describe the efforts of school principals in creating an ideal curriculum and the optimal method of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. It uses a qualitative approach with a multisite study research design. The location of this research is three one-roof schools in the Bondowoso Regency. Data collection was carried out by unstructured, in-depth, group interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The validity of the data was checked using data triangulation, member checks, discussions among members, and adequacy of reference materials. The data was analyzed using reduction analysis, presentation, verification, and drawing conclusions. Cross-site data analysis was carried out on a constant comparative basis. The results revealed that school principals employ varying strategies to achieve ideal learning, influenced by factors such as students, teachers, infrastructure, and local community conditions. The results also show that in order to realize an ideal curriculum and learning in one-roof schools, it is necessary to compile and implement learning in accordance with the conditions and readiness of students by including local knowledge and highlighting the principle of partnership with the community. This research offers practical guidance for policy makers and the school community in realizing ideal curriculums and learning methods, especially for schools in remote areas.

The role of independent directors’ tenure and network in controlling real-earnings management practices

AbstractManipulating real activities is generally regarded as more damaging to a firm’s long-term growth and value than accrual-based manipulations. We consider this point of view and build on the agency theory framework for investigating the role of independent directors’ (INDs’) tenure and connection to several boards in controlling real-earnings management (REM) practices. We analyze a sample of UK listed non-financial companies over the period between 2005 and 2018. The potential endogeneity issue was controlled by the application of the two-step system-GMM estimations. The research findings suggest that REM was lower in those firms whose INDs were connected to several boards at a time. The findings also show that the association between INDs’ tenure and REM varied with the phases of their tenure. Directors in the early stage of their tenure are less effective at controlling REM, however, as their tenure grew, they generate better oversight over the management conduct, thereby reducing REM. Contrary to this, extended tenure is shown as positively associated with higher REM practices. The overall findings thus suggest that the board monitoring role protects the stakes of the shareholders by constraining REM when INDs have better expertise and rich information acquired through their presence on multiple boards—and when they have moderate board tenure, which is neither too short nor too long. We argue that due to the importance of the role of INDs in the current global scenario this study has policy implications.

The relationship between managerial coaching and role ambiguity among nurses in the military health system

Managerial coaching may be an effective strategy to reduce role ambiguity among nurses. Although the benefits of coaching relationships have been demonstrated outside of nursing, there is a lack of evidence about this career development relationship in nursing. A cross-sectional design was used to determine the relationship between managerial coaching and role ambiguity among military and civilian nurses who work in the Military Health System (MHS). Nurses who worked at a large academic medical center in San Antonio, Texas were asked to participate by completing a survey to examine the variables of interest. Among the 382 nurses that responded, perceived role ambiguity was low and managerial coaching was seldom perceived from first-line supervisors. However, there was a significant negative relationship between managerial coaching and role ambiguity. This study provides foundational knowledge about the relationship between managerial coaching and role ambiguity for nurses working in the MHS.

Unveiling the Missing Link: Women in Stem Leadership – A Comprehensive Review

This paper extensively examined the representation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) within Malaysia, contextualized globally and historically. Existing research affirms the growing presence of women in the workforce (Gupta, 2020; National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2020), their progress in higher education (Manongsong & Ghosh, 2021; Vietze et al., 2022), their presence in professional and managerial roles (Burton et al., 2020; Evans & Maley, 2021), and their successful elevation to CEO positions (Dadanlar & Abebe, 2020). However, women continue to be significantly underrepresented in leadership positions, particularly within STEM firms (Hideg & Shen, 2019; National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2020). Young Malaysian women excel in both academic and extracurricular STEM activities from primary to university. Despite this gender equity achieved in STEM education, with 29% of tertiary engineering graduates and 57% of science degree holders being female, only 6% of women pursue careers as STEM professionals (Looi, 2022). Additionally, slightly over 4% of women hold leadership roles in technology firms in Malaysia (Amin & Tan, 2018). Using social constructivist and feminist theories, this analysis examines how societal and environmental factors affect girls’ performance in math and science. Educators and parents play a vital role in providing crucial support. This study also highlights a major research gap, particularly in understanding where qualified women in STEM go, especially within Malaysia.

PERAN MANAJER DALAM IMPLEMENTASI FUNGSI MANAJEMEN DI UNIT REKAM MEDIS DAN INFORMASI KESEHATAN RSU PKU MUHAMMADIYAH PRAMBANAN

Management functions consisting of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising that runs properly and correctly is one characteristic of a well-functioning organization. Hospitals are healthcare institutions that provide medical services and support services to patients. Good support services in the Medical Records and Health Information (MRHI) unit at the hospital require good management to manage the unit. The MRHI unit has the responsibility of creating and maintaining patient medical records. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the head of the medical support sub-sector as a manager in implementing the management functions of the MRHI unit at PKU Muhammadiyah Prambanan Hospital. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive method. The results show that the manager's role is quite good in implementing management functions. This is evidenced by the well-organized planning process by the head of the medical support sub-sector so that activities can run continuously. In terms of organization, it is still quite minimalistic but already structured because the hospital has only been established for 2 years and patient visits are still not too many. In the implementation function, the manager is able to provide good guidance to the staff, although at this stage, the staff has not fully performed their duties according to procedures. The supervision function runs very well, indicated by the service provided being directed, orderly, and in accordance with established rules. The implementation of management functions can be maintained by improving the management functions that are not yet optimal.

The glass ceiling effect in Spanish advertising creative departments

The representation of women in advertising creative departments has been studied worldwide. The findings have shown a low representation that does not favor the emergence of a critical mass of women, who could contribute with alternative visions to make advertising more inclusive. The underrepresentation, above all, occurs in managerial positions where they do not usually reach 35%. This study aims to update and report quantitatively on the phenomenon of the glass ceiling in Spain. In addition, in order to contextualize the level of segregation, these departments are compared with available international data. The results of a content analysis of the credit forms of 839 Spanish campaigns published in 2019 (a sample of 1,311 creatives) revealed gender dynamics, with a balanced starting group of creatives in non-managerial positions (just over 40% are women), but a figure of just 18% of women in managerial roles A higher glass ceiling effect was also found when European and global data were compared. The results analyzed through the perspective of the proportional representation theory (Kanter, 1977a, 1977b, 1987), suggest the need to raise awareness of gender inequalities within creative departments; this would foster the equality demanded by today’s society, of which advertising should not be oblivious.

Effect of Mixing Ratio of Super Absorbent Materials on the Growth and Yield of Bell Pepper in the Ferric Luvisols of Mogotio, Kenya

Agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions (ASALs) faces challenges due to limited water and problematic soils. This study investigates the potential of superabsorbent materials like Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) and pumice to enhance water retention and agricultural productivity in Ngubreti in Mogotio Sub-County, Kenya, representing ASALs. Using a randomized design with different material ratios and a control group, the research analysed soil parameters and plant growth indicators. Incorporating superabsorbent materials increased soil porosity, reduced bulk density, and improved water retention. Bell pepper production notably increased by 53.4%, with the SAP Pumice Double Half (SPDH) treatment showing the highest yield. This research underscores superabsorbent materials' ability to enhance ASAL soil conditions and agricultural output, particularly SPDH treatment. Precise material concentration control and consideration of their impact on soil penetration rates are crucial for optimal results. The study contributes to sustainable agriculture in water-scarce regions, emphasizing soil management's role in crop productivity. Further research and region-specific experiments are needed for broader applicability. Farmers are advised to assess their soil characteristics and consider a recommended median soil-additives mixing ratio of 1:833. Long-term effectiveness warrants additional investigation

How Do Female Directors Moderate the Effect of Family Control on Firm Value and Leverage? Evidence from Indonesia

Corporate governance is enriched by the existence of female directors. Their presence adds value to corporate governance by incorporating different perspectives and experiences. Female directors play an important role in preventing corporate harm, daring to ask critical questions and controlling conflict among various stakeholders. This study aimed to explore the effect of family control (FC) in stimulating leverage and firm value and assess the moderating role of female directors between FC on leverage and firm value. The sample was collected from the Indonesian Stock Exchange of 1,171 data observations-years (2019–2021 period) of companies listed. This research also used a linear regression model to analyse the purpose of hypotheses. The findings of this study indicate that female directors do not moderate the relationship between FC on leverage and firm value. The results prove the opposite of the assumption that the presence of female directors can harmonise and balance the interests of majority and minority shareholders. Finally, this article also contributes to the literature by developing the moderating role of female directors.

Analysis of managerial roles of secondary school Principals in implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Tigania West Sub-county, Meru, Kenya

The study sought to analyze roles of secondary school principal in implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Tigania west Sub County. The objectives of the study were; determining leadership skills possessed by principals in secondary schools; establishing availability of resources used by principals; examining how principals involve teachers in monitoring and evaluation; and establishing ways in which principals are involving parents in implementation of competency based curriculum. The study was conducted using descriptive survey design. The target population in the study was 867 participants; 51 principals, 255 HoDs, 510 teachers, and 51 parents in the study area. The sample size of 10 principals, 30 HoDs, 60 teachers and 10 parents were selected using Yamene sample size tables. The test instruments used to collect data were questionnaires, observation checklists and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was coded analyzed and interpreted using statistical packages for social sciences version 20.0 and summarized into frequency tables, pie charts and bar charts. The response rate was 98.5%. The findings of the study revealed that; principals use democratic and transformational leadership styles which inspire teachers to interact with other teachers; enhance cluster setting of exams, marking and attending workshops together which enhance assessment of learners. In addition, parents are involved in junior secondary school because since CBC had not started in senior Secondary schools. From the findings, the study concluded that, 80% of the secondary school principals are not ready to implement the Competency Based Curriculum due to resource constraints and in-service training of teachers. The study also found that, parents are not much involved on the implementation of Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in the secondary schools in Tigania West Sub- County in Kenya

Exploring the Confluence of Risk Management, Project Quality, and Project Performance in the Jordanian Context in Construction Industry

The construction sector in Jordan has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by government initiatives for economic diversification. However, the industry has faced challenges such as project delays, inadequate time management, and resource allocation issues. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the intricate connections between risk management, project quality, and project performance within Jordan's construction landscape. It reviews the interplay between risk management, project quality, and project performance in this context. The literature review emphasizes themes like effective communication, critical success factors, and timely project delivery. It also highlights risk management's role in mitigating communication-related risks and addressing time delays. The abstract mentions the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory's application, emphasizing how unique resources contribute to competitive advantage. Overall, the review provides insights for stakeholders to navigate challenges and excel in the construction industry.

Do corporate site visits affect the informational role of independent directors?

AbstractThis study examines the influence of corporate site visits on information acquisition and dissemination by independent directors (IDs). Employing two unique sources of data from Chinese listed firms based on the mandatory disclosure of IDs’ (i) site visit activities and (ii) opinions about corporate decisions, we find that the acquisition of firm‐specific information and the dissemination of such information to the market are greater among IDs who conduct visits than their counterparts without such visits. Moreover, this effect is more pronounced in firms with complex information environments, in firms with lower proprietary costs, and among IDs with greater internal information asymmetry, superior external information, and stronger incentives and abilities to perform their duties. Furthermore, the firm‐specific information disseminated by IDs leads to stronger market reactions and improves stock price efficiency. Our study shows that site visits contribute to the informational role of IDs, and our evidence offers important corporate governance and regulatory implications.

OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS TO LEADERSHIP FOR FEMALE FINANCE LEADERS IN THE UK

Despite legal and societal advancements that have increased the presence of women in the finance sector, the representation of women in finance director roles remains limited. In FTSE 100 companies, men still hold finance director positions at a rate seven times higher than women, a trend reflective of the broader industry. This qualitative inquiry delves into the factors contributing to the success factors and obstacles to leadership faced by female finance directors in the United Kingdom. By conducting interviews with accomplished female finance directors, the study aims to identify the factors that prevent and enable females to become leaders in the finance industry. Notably, this research identifies enduring social and cultural hurdles obstructing female progress, and how they can be supported as they progress their career. A significant finding emerges: many interviewed women endorse individuals who align with their assertive work values, which often align with masculine traits. Females have to conform to a working environment and practices, and this impacts negatively on their social life, job satisfaction and identity. Given the target-driven nature of finance, the prospect of a radical top-down transformation is generally seen as unlikely. Consequently, female leaders face limitations in their capacity to serve as "gatekeepers" for advancing the careers of fellow women. Recommendations include a departure from the performance-centric approach entrenched in finance.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0387/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Using indirect survey techniques to investigate the relationship between employee personal experience of abusive supervision and job performance

PurposeTo propose the use of indirect survey protocols, in general and the item count technique (ICT), in particular, that ensure participant anonymity in organizations to explore the effect of employee perceived abusive supervision on job performance.Design/methodology/approachWe apply ICT to a sample of 363 employees (52.6% female) from Greek organizations. Utilizing multivariate statistical techniques, we investigated how employees assess the impact of their personal encounters with abusive supervision on job performance. This approach allowed us to explore the percentage of employees perceiving negative effects on job performance, distinguishing our study from previous studies that primarily focus on quantifying the extent or magnitude of abusive supervision in organizational settings. Also, we investigated how employee socio-demographic characteristics, human capital characteristics and affective traits relate to the evaluation of experienced abusive supervision as a negative factor for their job performance.FindingsWe found that approximately 62% of the respondents evaluated personal experience of abusive supervision as negatively affecting their job performance. We also found that the likelihood of employees evaluating personal experience of abusive supervision as having a negative impact on their job performance is: (1) higher for female employees, (2) does not depend on employee age, job tenure and education; (3) is lower for employees with managerial roles and (4) increases with employee trait negative affectivity.Originality/valueThe study is a response to the call for researchers to use innovative methods for advancing abusive supervision research. The study highlights the significance of taking a proactive stance towards addressing abusive supervision in the workplace, by using indirect survey methods that ensures employee anonymity. The results have implications for organizational strategies aimed at increasing awareness of abusive supervision and its impact on employee performance.

Keeping the Flame Alive: Burnout and Perception of Value in the Role of Neurology Residency Program Director (S39.007)

Keeping the Flame Alive: Burnout and Perception of Value in the Role of Neurology Residency Program Director (S39.007)

Challenges of school management in times of pandemic and post-pandemic

This study aims to reflect on the importance school management's role during the pandemic, when social distancing has been inevitable due to the coronavirus. The specific objectives are: to discuss strategies that enable students to take an interest in remote teaching; to encourage teachers to remain vibrant in their teaching; to understand the challenges of school management in view of the Covid-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic. Considering the pandemic are and the reinvention of the way of doing school management, new challenges have arisen, in terms of emotional support for the entire school community, and support for teachers' pedagogical practice. Based on this assumption, it is worth asking: how will school management work and propose new strategies to keep teachers and students motivated in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic and post-pandemic? Thus, with this study we aim to contribute information to teachers, school stakeholders, as well as the school community, aiming at the great relevance of the work of school management in keeping students and teachers always healthy, active, motivated in order to preserve the quality of education.