Role Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Detection Research Articles

Role of MRI in detection of lumber spine pathologies using 1.5 tesla (MRI)

Background: This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting various lumbar spine pathologies in patients with lower back pain. Lower back pain (LBP) is a prevalent issue affecting 80%–85% of the population during their lifetime, contributing significantly to global disability. LBP is nonspecific in 95% of cases but can stem from underlying pathologies such as disc herniation, spinal stenosis, infection, inflammation, tumours, or fractures. Objective: To emphasize the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients suspected of lumbar spinal examinations. Methods and material: The research focused on adult patients with radicular syndrome, spinal stenosis, spinal tumours, spinal fractures, spinal infection/inflammation, disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, ankylosing spondylitis, disc displacement, osteoporotic fractures, and other degenerative disc diseases. Utilizing a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine, the descriptive, cross-sectional observational study spanned one year and included 150 patients. Results: revealed that diffuse disc bulge (87.33%) and disc protrusion (87.33%) were the most common pathologies, followed by partial desiccation (34.67%), neural foramina stenosis (16.00%), spondylosis (1.33%), osteoporosis (12.00%), spinal haemorrhage (2.00%), osteophyte spurs (29.33%), and sclerotic changes (3.33%). Discussion and Conclusion: The study's discussion highlighted notable findings, including a higher prevalence of lumbar spine abnormalities in females (51.33%) and a substantial association with a history of lower back pain (40.00%). The conclusion underscores the significance of MRI in diagnosing lumbar spine pathologies, with specific attention to the prevalence of disc bulge and protrusion in the studied population.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in detection and characterization of perianal fistula

Background: Perianal fistula is a common but fairly complicated condition, which needs in-depth evaluation of the fistula track for proper treatment and complete cure. Clinical examination does play its significant role; however, the ramifications of track, blind ending tracks, and secondary collections are some blind points for the clinicians which are very well-demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical planning for complete cure of perianal fistula is highly dependent on the grade and associated complications of fistula. Aims and Objectives: The objective of our study is to – (i) evaluate the role of MRI in detection as well as characterization of perianal fistula; (ii) classify and grade the perianal fistula according to the “St. James University Hospital grading scheme” and the “Park’s classification;” and (iii) evaluable the perianal fistula as per the following: Internal opening of the track; high versus low lying perianal fistulae; transsphincteric/extra sphincteric/supralevator extension of the fistula; secondary tracts/ramifications/impending fistulae; and ischioanal abscess/ischiorectal abscesses/horseshoe collection. Materials and Methods: An observational type of study was conducted over a duration of 24 months. Patients with suspected perianal fistulae with one or many external openings were prospectively selected for MRI evaluation of their fistula tracks. MRI findings were then evaluated according to “St. James’s University Hospital MR Imaging Classification of Perianal Fistulae.” Results: Out of 30 clinically diagnosed patients, all patients demonstrated presence of perianal fistula. Out of total 30 patients, majority had external opening at 7 O’clock position (33.3%) followed by 5 O’clock position (26.6%). Out of total 30 patients, majority had internal opening at 6 O’clock position (43.3%) followed by 3 O’clock position (13.3%). Conclusion: MRI imaging of perianal fistula is a simple and non-invasive method and is extremely useful for the surgical planning. It has a definite place in imaging of complex perianal disease as it provides high resolution images of perianal region anatomy, allowing characterization, classification, and grading of the fistula. This thus guides in the surgical decision making and helps in successful treatment of disease.

The role of MRI for detection and staging of radio- and focal therapy-recurrent prostate cancer.

Local recurrent prostate cancer after radical treatment is found in the majority of men with a rising PSA. Salvage treatment procedures for recurrent disease, such as radiation therapy and ablative procedures, can provide long-term responses in well-selected cases. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows diagnosis and staging, and the value provides information on treatment selection, treatment planning and treatment guidance in local recurrent prostate cancer.

The Diagnostic Role of Brain MRI in Detection of Multiple Sclerosis Related Cognitive Impairment

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), which can severely affect patients’ and their families’ life. Early suspicion and detection of CI can improve general medical management of MS patients. Objectives: To correlate MS related CI to cortical brain lesions using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Cognitive impairment was detected using mini mental state examination (MMSE); Neurological examination and brain MRI were performed for all patients. Correlation was calculated between disease cortical burden detected by MRI and CI. Results: Fifty-three patients with proven MS were scanned by brain MRI; 69.8% of them had cognitive impairment diagnosed with MMSE. The presence and severity of cognitive impairment was correlated to cortical brain lesion. Cognitive impairment was not correlated with non-cortical brain lesions or neurological physical disability measured by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Conclusions: Presence of brain frontal cortical lesions detected by MRI in MS patients can predict subsequent development of MS-related CI.

Role of MRI in Detection of Repaired Cleft Palate Muscles and Correlation to Speech

Background: Cleft palate is a birth defect when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose. It occurs in about 1:2 per 1000 births. These disorders can result in speech disorders, feeding problems and frequent ear infections. It is the result of tissues of the face not joining properly during development. Speech therapy and dental care may also be needed. Approximately 30 percent of patients having undergone cleft palate repair require secondary surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the common used tests in variable fields of medicine and surgery. Now trials are done for use of MRI in the postpalatoplasty velopharyngeal dysfunction patients. Objective: This study aims to detect static craniofacial and velopharyngeal measures of repaired cleft palate patients specially repaired muscle state (levator veli palatini muscle) by using MRI and correlate these data to speech state. Patients and Methods: this prospective study conducted in AlAzhar and Beni-suef University Hospitals in the period of February 2018 till November 2018. It is conducted on twenty children who complained of postpalatoplasty velopharyngeal dysfunction and examined by nasendoscopy and speech analysis then MRI palate was done using 1.5 T MRI; to correlate MRI data to speech data. Results: our statistical results revealed significant decrease in the velopharyngeal variants than normal ranges. That prove that static MRI is a valid procedure for diagnosis of anatomical abnormality. But after correlation with speech data it showed that it should be accompanied with dynamic procedure (e.g. Nasendoscopy) especially in patients with normal ranged anatomy. Conclusion: this study was done in variant range of children who suffer from post-palatoplasty speech abnormality, scanned by MRI palate and correlate these data by speech data. Static MRI is efficient technique to demonstrate structural defects in these patients.

Role of MRI in Detection of Repaired Cleft Palate Muscles and Correlation to Speech

Background: Cleft palate is a birth defect when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose. It occurs in about 1:2 per 1000 births. These disorders can result in speech disorders, feeding problems and frequent ear infections. It is the result of tissues of the face not joining properly during development. Speech therapy and dental care may also be needed. Approximately 30 percent of patients having undergone cleft palate repair require secondary surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the common used tests in variable fields of medicine and surgery. Now trials are done for use of MRI in the postpalatoplasty velopharyngeal dysfunction patients. Objective: This study aims to detect static craniofacial and velopharyngeal measures of repaired cleft palate patients specially repaired muscle state (levator veli palatini muscle) by using MRI and correlate these data to speech state. Patients and Methods: this prospective study conducted in AlAzhar and Beni-suef University Hospitals in the period of February 2018 till November 2018. It is conducted on twenty children who complained of postpalatoplasty velopharyngeal dysfunction and examined by nasendoscopy and speech analysis then MRI palate was done using 1.5 T MRI; to correlate MRI data to speech data. Results: our statistical results revealed significant decrease in the velopharyngeal variants than normal ranges. That prove that static MRI is a valid procedure for diagnosis of anatomical abnormality. But after correlation with speech data it showed that it should be accompanied with dynamic procedure (e.g. Nasendoscopy) especially in patients with normal ranged anatomy. Conclusion: this study was done in variant range of children who suffer from post-palatoplasty speech abnormality, scanned by MRI palate and correlate these data by speech data. Static MRI is efficient technique to demonstrate structural defects in these patients.

Role of MRI in Detection of Morton’s Neuroma

Distinguishing between patients with a true Morton's neuroma and other forefoot pathology can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when compared to clinical examination for Morton's neuroma. We retrospectively identified 71 patients who underwent operative treatment due to the diagnosis of Morton's neuroma between 2007 and 2013. All patients had a MRI preoperative. Our study group comprised 58 female and 13 male patients with a mean age of 57 (range, 38-92) years. We compared the results of preoperative MRI and the patient's clinical assessment with postoperative histopathological results. Typical clinical signs were found in 65 cases. Most common symptoms were plantar pain (92%) and increased pain on walking (89%). A Morton's neuroma was detected on MRI in 59 of 71 cases. Its sensitivity was 0.84 and its specificity was 0.33. The positive and negative predictive values were 0.97 and 0.08, respectively. For the presence of main clinical symptoms we found a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.33. The positive predictive value was 0.97 and the negative predictive value was 0.20. MRI under routine conditions had a good detection rate for the evaluation of Morton's neuroma. However, its accuracy was not as high as the accuracy of clinical assessment. Level IV, retrospective series.