Role Of Local Elites Research Articles

The Role of Local Elites in Building Social Harmony in Bulutellue Village, Sinjai District

This can be proven by the high enthusiasm of the village community in participating in the general elections in 2019. Elections are welcomed with excitement because they will be used as an arena to refresh leadership in both the executive and legislative institutions. People have a great desire to have national leaders who are sincere, committed, and willing to sacrifice in the spirit of nationality. Elections are used as an arena for strengthening democracy that allows power to be operated properly and maximally for the benefit of the general public. However, the very open democratic space also leaves problems in society, namely division due to differences in political choices. Each of them tries and struggles to present their party, presidential and vice presidential candidates as the best. This article will review the efforts of village-level elites in overcoming the phenomenon of division in the community in Bulutellue village as part of the dynamics of the 2019 general election. The method used in this research is the historical method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that local elites in Bulutellue village consisting of the village government, businessmen, and religious leaders could overcome community division and realize a harmonious life based on local wisdom, sports, and religious preaching.
 Keywords: 2019 election, community division, local elite

Voluntary Aid Detachments During The First World War: Cottesmore Auxiliary Red Cross Hospital, Pembrokeshire, 1915–19

This article examines the experiences of Voluntary Aid Detachments (VADs) at an auxiliary Red Cross hospital in Pembrokeshire during the First world War. This case study provides almost a paradigm of the operation of local social hierarchies and philanthropy in shaping the institution, with the role of local elites being a prominent feature of its operations. A range of factors were at play in motivating young women to volunteer as a VAD, encompassing personal patriotism and the desire to render service at a time of national emergency. The diary of one VAD provides an insight into the experiences of those who volunteered.

Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance Issues: Perspective from Rural India

India is a country of vast villages where two-third of population of India resides. India is a largest, vibrant and functional democracy. The local self-government system of Panchayati Raj was introduced in the constitution of India through the 73rd Amendment in which the village life extensively runs in a democratic way through the decentralization approach. This 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act brings out a vital change in rural life holistically for the objective of ‘Empowering People for Prosperity’. India has nearly 3.1 million elected members through more than 250,000 local government units. Local government authorities have the authority to create development plans for the areas, with the aim of fostering social justice and local economic development. The implementation challenges of policies and programs before the local government and the also the role of local elites, politically powerful groups, bureaucratic society and private enterprises to become for providing good governance for the development of rural areas. By using the secondary based data to find out the local government system and governance in India. This paper reveals forward states provide good governance through the local government in the core areas of development with execution of plans in rural India and on the other hand, backward states are lack in governance due to nature the corruption laden politics exist in that states. This study sums up with the significance of grassroots democracy and its role in the development of rural India and at the same time to highlights the hurdle in the governance ecosystem of local governments in rural India.

Transnational Seasonal Land Grabbing in Pakistan: Power Positions and Resistance

Each year, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA), Pakistan issues a special 10-day hunting permit to royal family members of Gulf countries for seasonal hunting of Asian Houbara bustard ( Chlamydotis macqueen). This paper attempts to systematically present the understandings on seasonal land grabbing and its political economy in Pakistan. The role of local elites and government institutions and the response of local people, as well as their resistance, is discussed in detail.

Патриаршество Петра IV и Дамиана как время генезиса Коптской Церкви: проблемы и предлагаемые решения

Introduction. The article examines a recently put forward hypothesis that the time of the Coptic Church’s final genesis was the period of the Alexandrian anti-Chalcedonian Patriarchs Peter IV (576–578) and Damian (578–607). Methods. A comparative research method and factor analysis are used. The main research task is to identify all the factors that contributed to the making of full-fledged ecclesiastical structures by the Theodosians (one of the trends of the Egyptian Miaphysites), and a correlation of these factors with each other to single out the main of them. Analysis. The successful establishment of the Miaphysites (Theodosian) episcopate resulted from the configuration of objective and subjective factors. Objective factors include the following: the weakening of control by the central authorities over the structures of the Miaphysites after Justinian I (482/483–565), the increasing regionalization of the empire and the strengthening of the role of local elites in the provinces, the growing importance of the Coptic language in secular and clerical office work. Subjective factors include the victory of the Miaphysite Patriarch Peter IV over his rival Theodore and the appearance of Damian as Peter’s successor. Results. On the whole, the proposed hypothesis quite thoroughly explains the emergence of the Coptic Church during the period. However, it has several disadvantages, which open up a number of prospects for further researches. Firstly, there is almost no explanation for the success of Damian’s personnel policy. Secondly, insufficient attention was paid to the Egyptian anti-Chalcedonian monasticism. From the author’s point of view, Egyptian Miaphysite monks, suffering from the pressure of the central and local authorities after the Chalcedonian schism, managed to establish an effective network functioned as a “rhizome”, on which the episcopate risen during Peter’s and Damian’s time relied primarily in rebuilding stable ecclesiastical structures in Egypt.

Strategi Komunikasi Elite lokal dan Umat Hindu dalam Praktik Tabuh Rah Pengangon Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Adat Kapal Kecamatan Mengwi Kabupaten Badung

One of the traditions in Bali that is still preserved today is the Tabuh Rah Pengangon Tradition in Subak Tegan, Traditional Village of Kapal. This tradition is carried out once a year at harvest. In 2019 the world was shocked by the Covid-19 virus. The development of the virus is quite massive and the increase in cases in Indonesia has resulted in the government taking preventive measures by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). With circulars from the Bali provincial government and PHDI, the role of local elites is important in conveying information to the public. This study focuses on discussing the essence and communication strategies used by local elites and Hindus as well as the religious system that took place during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study uses a qualitative method with an empirical approach. Data collection was done by interview and observation techniques. The results show that the essence of communication used is ritual communication which is carried out as a form of habitual behavior. The communication strategy between local elites and Hindus is divided into 3 stages, namely the planning stage by holding sangkep, the preparation stage by distributing notification letters by kesinoman and the implementation stage of the local elite overseeing the event. During the pandemic, the Tabuh Rah Pengangon tradition process continues, it's just that the implementation is now limited to 25 people, the venue is reduced and the health protocol is still implemented

Fishers\u2019 responses to the Danish seiner ban and the history of fisheries governance on the Java north coast

In 2015, the Indonesian government announced that it would prohibit the operation of the so-called cantrang (Danish Seine). The stated purpose of the cantrang ban was to make marine fisheries more environmentally sustainable. In response, cantrang fishers along the north coast of Java staged mass protests, and after 3 years of negotiations and uncertainty, the government exempted the cantrang fleets on the Java north coast from the policy. This paper analyses fishers’ responses to the ban from a historical and ethnographic perspective. Specifically, it compares the cantrang ban to two earlier government interventions in the fisheries on the Java north coast, one in 1905, the second 1980/81. With each intervention, a new governance principle was introduced to small-scale fisheries, established elites transferred their capital elsewhere, and new elites emerged who supported the new principle locally. Since 2015, however, only very few members of the established elites have exited the cantrang fishery, and no members of a new local elite have emerged yet who would support sustainability as a governance principle for fisheries. The paper aims to clarify why this was the case. More generally, it suggests that understanding the history of fisheries governance on the Java north coast requires attention to the role of local elites, and therefore to social differentiations among fishers.

State Officials’ Entanglement with Vigilante Groups in Violence against Ahmadiyah and Shi’a Communities in Indonesia

ABSTRACTCommunal violence against the minority communities of Ahmadiyah and Shi’a was on the rise during the government of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–14). This article discusses state responses to this violence. Previous studies commonly attributed communal violence in post-New Order Indonesia to the failure of local officials to stop the violence due to the security officials’ kinship and local ties with the perpetrators. Some argue that the violence broke out due to, first, the role of local elites who provoked violence; and second, the role of local state officials who supported the mobilisation of the people by vigilante groups to stage the protests that led to violence. This article expands on these studies by arguing that the state complicity in violence stems from security officials’ entangled relations with vigilante groups. These entangled relationships hampered the officers’ ability to prevent incidents of religious violence before they occurred, and to bring charges against perpetrators afterward. The entanglement was the result of a blurred boundary where police officers and vigilante groups often ended up pursuing areas of mutual material and political interest. This study is based on seven months of PhD fieldwork in Ahmadiyah and Shi’a communities in West Java Province and East Java Province in 2013.

Community-based agricultural land consolidation and local elites: Survey evidence from China

Land consolidation is an essential aspect of rural restructuring in China. Community-based agricultural land consolidation projects were developed to restructure the agricultural sector by pooling fragmented land and leasing it as consolidated plots or employing laborers to farm the land. Despite the rapid growth in the number of villages that generally adopt the approach, the relative amount of farmland managed under the program remains low, and empirical studies explaining this variation are scarce. We investigate the drivers of land coverage under the program with a particular interest in the role of local elites and village characteristics. Using primary data from 120 villages in Suzhou City and Yangzhou City, China, our study shows that projects led by government officials achieve greater coverage. Other local elites do not play an important role in the process. Further investigation indicates that the roles of different types of elites change over time. We also find that structural village characteristics such as distance to town, village land endowment, and off-farm market participation substantially affect project outcomes. The results are robust to different samples and different specifications of the econometric model. Rather than generally excluding elites from leadership positions, policymakers should actively promote certain types of elites whose involvement might be critical for project success.

The Donbas in 2014: Explaining Civil Conflict Perhaps, but not Civil War

This essay argues that historical and identity factors, economic fears and alienation from the new government in Kyiv were only part of the reason for the rise of the separatist movement in the Donbas, Ukraine, in the spring of 2014. They set a baseline, but one not high enough to account for the creation of two mini-‘Republics’ and a prolonged war, without considering the effect of Russian sponsorship and the role of local elites, mainly from the literal and metaphorical ‘Family’ of former President Viktor Yanukovych.

PERAN ELIT LOKAL DALAM KEMENANGAN PARTAI GERINDRA PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2014 DI KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA

Gerindra Partybecome participants first general election in 2014, followed by twelve Parties. Although first-time election in Luwu North,Gerindra Party succeeded in gaining the most votes to two after the Golkar Party and get a ration of six seats to the council. This success is supported by community leaders in Luwu North who come from the elite, like the elite bureaucrats, the economic elite (businessmen),and the political elite have major stakes in attracting community investigator to choose legislative candidates coming fromGerindra Party. Therefore, the role of the local elite in winning Gerindra be the focus of study in this research.This study used qualitative methods, with data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and documentation. As the informants in this study, namely, the Chairman of DPC Gerindra, six legislators from Gerindra, community leader and Vice Regent of Luwu North.The results of this study indicate that the role of local elites on the award Gerindra using three approaches, namely positional approach to reputation and approach decision,Where the outcome of the vote Gerindra 6.5%, 39.2% of elected candidates sound, the sound of a candidate not elected 54.3% of all candidates who have as many as thirty-five candidates,so Gerindra managed to gain six seats to sit in Parliament Luwu north. In general, people in North Luwu choose legislators opted for track record is not actor or party,but because it is based on the election of community leaders who attended, besides the factor of emotional closeness, kinship and familiarity with community leaders.

Nature and Power

I discuss the references inNature and Powerto imperial China, especially its thorough discussion of key issues in China's environmental history, but I point out several limitations. Joachim Radkau says little about the role of local elites in agrarian policy, the impact of central Eurasian conquest on imperial regimes' attitudes toward the land, and the impact of global trade on the empire in the preindustrial age. The second part of the article discusses the important strategic and environmental role of trades in fur, tea, and fish from the seventeenth to twentieth centuries.

Tax Transplants and Circulation of Corporate Tax Models

This paper aims to contribute an additional layer to the current debate on harmonization versus competition by adopting a comparative evolutionary analysis to explain corporate innovation as a result of competition. We shall see that not only do countries compete to attract investment, corporate solutions also compete and selectively evolve as a result of this competition (for example, exemption of dividends may prevail over the imputation system, or different kinds of ratios may be available to solve the common problem of limiting interest deductions). We shall see that legal change is prompted by solutions that have been imported from other countries (so called tax transplants) and results in a circulation of models which creates a continuous relationship at the global and local level. This is essentially a bottom-up approach to competition which challenges the idea that reforms are exclusively a top-down solution to local problems.Section 2 discusses in detail an evolutionary concept of competition among domestic corporate solutions and sets out the view that competitive selection does not amount to a form of struggle among solutions but that it is mediated by complex institutional processes. In sections 3 and 4, we examine the outcomes and patterns of such competition and evolution, namely convergence (stabilizing selection) and divergence (disruptive selection) of various corporate policies; we also consider the strategic equilibrium between change and continuity within the framework of the evolutionary process, by which we mean competition among tolerably fit corporate solutions. In this light we shall discuss in detail in sections 5 and 6 how corporate transplants operate as vehicles of evolutionary change, as well as the role of local elites in implementing them. This paper concludes in section 7 with a few proposals for an agenda of empirical comparative research in three different areas: cluster analysis of corporate taxes; analysis of corporate transplants; and field studies connected to corporate design.

Love Riddles, Couple Formation, and Local Identity in Eastern France

The purpose of this article is to show how specific aspects of the popular culture of Lorraine (eastern France) can be linked to distinctive features of the region's historical demography after the Thirty Years' War. It examines two customs associated with courtship: the dâyage, an exchange of riddle-like verses between groups of men and women at winter wakes, and the dônage, mock banns of marriage called by young men on the first Sunday of Lent. Both will be shown to have encouraged particularly high levels of geographical endogamy and premarital fertility, while the metaphors of monetary exchange that ran through both the dâyage and the dônage into the marriage service itself encouraged social homogamy. These customs served as a language in which rural Lorrainers between the seventeenth and the twentieth century could analyze and discuss their demographic strategies. The article considers the role of local elites (political before the Revolution, literary after) in fostering these customs and turning them into a badge of Lorrainer identity.

Scaling the City: The Political Economy of 'Glocal' Development - Brussels' Conundrum

In this contribution, the new position of the city in the urban political economy will be considered in the context of the shifting realities that characterize an increasingly hybridizing and cosmopolitan global (dis)order. We shall argue that globalization is paralleled by a restructuring of the city and with an increasing importance of the urban in a context of intensifying inter-urban competition. The success of cities is dependent on their local 'embeddedness' in institutional and other networks of power. Attention will be paid to the role of local elites and to the need to forge 'growth coalitions'. We shall conclude that the formation of an inclusive and cohesive growth coalition is a key condition for the future development of Brussels in a context of intense inter-urban competition. However, this poses a host of political problems. Not in the least, the fact the new 'glocal' elites often refuse to partake in local institutional or political networks. The commitment to place that invariably comes with a greater 'local' institutional embedding which may militate against their global strategies and aspirations. The key question for 'local' politics then becomes one of how to forge networks and linkages that force 'glocal' elites to become inserted actively in the regional armatures of governance.

The Role of an Urban Elite in a Municipal Annexation Dispute

This study examines the racial politics involved in the 1970 annexation by Richmond, Virginia, of 23 square miles and 47,000 people from Chesterfield County. The annexation was initialed by a small, hut powerful group of individuals who were alarmed by the growth of the city's black population and the prospect that blacks could acquire a majority on the city council. The study concentrates on the events of the 1960's which culminated in the annexation. Attention is given, first, to the city's efforts to annex a portion of Henrico County and the reasons underlying the city's rejection of the Henrico annexation award. The attention then shifts to the Chesterfield annexation suit. The role of local elites is explored and the role of the slate legislature is also studied to probe the interconnection between state and local politicians and the common cause made by white leaders to perpetuate a capital city controlled by the while elite.