Role Of Labour Migration Research Articles

The role of labor migration in shaping the socio-economic, cultural and demographic climate of Russian regions

The role of labor migration in shaping the socio-economic, cultural and demographic climate of Russian regions

Emotions and gendered experiences of livelihood migration: memos from Nicaragua and Guatemala

With increasingly difficult conditions for smallholder agricultural production, labor migration is an essential component of livelihoods for many rural families in the Global South. This migration is gendered and is often normalized as part of households’ livelihood portfolios. Yet it also can reproduce livelihood precarity and help maintain underlying structural inequalities. The role of labor migration as a livelihood strategy therefore requires continued research attention. Livelihood processes, including those connected to gendered labor migration, are infused with and shaped by a variety of emotions, including stress, longing, suffering, or contrastingly, aspiration, exhilaration, wellbeing, or happiness, that are experienced intersectionally. In this Viewpoint, we present our perspective that excluding analysis of emotional experience imperils comprehension of the drivers, motivations, and impacts of growing livelihood migration and other gendered livelihoods shifts. Emotions are core to migration decision-making, impact, and experience and therefore are central to any holistic understanding of the migration-livelihoods nexus. Paying attention to the role of emotion at the livelihood-migration nexus, where emotions often take center stage, is also a helpful entrée for taking both affect and intersectionality more seriously in the broader context of gendered livelihoods in general. We have developed this perspective while conducting fieldwork for research on labor migration and environmental change in Guatemala’s Pacific lowlands and Nicaragua’s northwest and draw upon that fieldwork to make our case.

“We no longer fear brides from afar”: Marriage markets and gendered mobilities in rural Vietnam

Since the late 1990s, Vietnamese women’s participation in international marriage migration has garnered academic and media attention. In contrast, internal marriage migration, a key driver of overall internal migration flows, has received scant consideration. In this paper, we examine marriage and migration dynamics in four rural communes that have “lost” significant numbers of their single women to international marriage and gained brides through internal migration. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2012 and 2013 in four villages and analysis of local marriage registration data and census data, this article examines internal and international marriage migration. We probed marriage migration vis-a-vis marriage markets, internal labor migration and gendered mobility patterns. The increased diversification of marriage with respect to spousal places of origin indicates a reconfiguration of marital norms and practices and changing social constructions of a desirable wife and daughter-in-law. Results underscore the role of labor migration and interprovincial networks in expanding mate-seeking circles among rural youth and in altering marital norms. Female international marriage migration is one piece of a larger puzzle whereby various forms of mobility are intertwined with changes in the realms of gender, family and marriage.

THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF STATES UNDER GLOBALIZATION: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The purpose of this article is to conduct an economic and legal analysis of the current situation of international labour migration and its impact on the development of states in a globalized world. It is stressed that modern globalization has not slowed migration flows but, on the contrary, significantly increased them and created the so-called “era of migration”. The article reveals the meaning and significance of international labour migration, acquired at the beginning of the XXI century. The key definitions of the research and the theory of the emergence of migration are presented. The role of labour migration in redressing imbalances, which exist in the labour market, is analysed. The genesis of the migration policy of the world leading countries regarding the admission of labour migrants to their territories is considered. The mechanism of legal regulation of some donor countries and recipient countries is revealed. The causes of external labour migration and its consequences for Ukraine are considered. The prospects for improvement in the migration policy of Ukraine in the context of globalization and European integration processes are outlined. An attention is paid to the importance of international labour migration for the economic development of the state, which receives migrants and one from which they originate. Primary theoretical and practical significance of international labour migration for the industrialized countries of the world, which due to acute demographic challenges cannot provide development and normal functioning of the economy without the involvement of labour migrants, is highlighted. The article aims to consider international labour migration as an integral part of the global economy and to identify peculiarities of international labour migration, as well as its place in international economic relations. At the same time, an attention is paid to the fact that labour migration abroad is the most powerful migration process in Ukraine today, which increases the importance of studying the issues of state policy development in the area of regulation and strengthening the protection of the rights of Ukrainian citizens who travel abroad as migrant workers. Besides, it is focused on the issue of the creation of a global market of skilled labour, as well as the consequences of migration of skilled personnel and the challenge of overcoming the negative consequences of the migration of skilled workers. It is noted that the world (global) labour market is a set of global labour resources as the sum of all occupied (real and potential) population of the world, including international labour migrants. Given this, temporally dynamic changes, taking place in the area of displacement of international labour migrants, particularly in Ukraine, as well as in the migration mood of the Ukrainian population, require their constant monitoring and scientific substantiation. The practical importance of the scientific research is to clarify the causes and consequences of international labour migration for the development of the receiving states and those that generate them. This is extremely important for the improvement of the Ukrainian migration legislation, which will not be effective without a broad vision and a deep understanding of the migration situation in the country. Today’s general understanding of the migration situation and migration flows in Ukraine is not correct and, therefore, some proposals and decisions concerning their management are not adequate. At the level of strategic planning, it would be useful to coordinate the migration policy objectives with the actual demographic and economic situation, social and psychological state of its citizens. Consequently, the economic and legal analysis of migration moods and migration behaviour of international labour migrants is extremely important for scientific argumentation of the main directions of improvement of the migration policy of Ukraine in the current conditions of globalization for saving labour potential of the state and develop its economy. Methodology. Methodological foundations of the research of international labour migration are determined by a set of methods of scientific knowledge, which allow considering this problem as a multifaceted, interdisciplinary phenomenon. The research strategy, underlying the integrated approach, primarily is based on the following methodological principles: formulation of fundamental theoretical concept; development of cross-cutting concepts and categories, which ensure the unity of the approach to the object of research.

Modeling agglomeration and dispersion in space: The role of labor migration, capital mobility and vertical linkages

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the role played by capital mobility, labor migration and input–output linkages in shaping the spatial distribution of economic activity in a spatial computable general equilibrium framework. We identify European Union core and periphery regions based on an accessibility index and simulate the impact of a homogeneous transport shock. Our results suggest that agglomeration patterns are magnified by labor and capital mobility, the latter exerting a stronger influence than the former. Results are more nuanced for vertical linkages, which are associated with more agglomeration in terms of GDP, but more dispersion in terms of number of firms and labor demand. These results shed additional light on location mechanisms in applied general equilibrium applications of the new economic geography (NEG) theory and complement the theoretical NEG literature based on analytically solvable models.

The Changing Role of Labor Migration in Arab Economic Integration

During the oil boom of the 1970s and early 1980s, labor migration became an effective instrument for addressing labor market needs at the national level while simultaneously serving the goals of Arab economic integration. The 1990s, however, witnessed a rapid deceleration in the net inflows of Arab workers to the oil-exporting countries. The negative effects of lower oil revenues were reinforced during and after the 1991 Gulf War by the replacement of workers from the region with migrants from Asia as well as ongoing efforts in the oil-exporting countries to nationalize their labor forces. Current unemployment rates, together with the projected rapid expansion in the national supply of the receiving countries, provide further incentives to restrict migration inflows especially from the Arab world. As a result, the future contribution of labor migration to Arab economic integration will decline.